China, Russia issue joint communique on ties

 MOSCOW, Dec. 6 (Xinhua) -- China and Russia on Thursday issued a joint¹ communique on wide-ranging cooperation and coordination² between the two countries.

The document was released after the 17th regular meeting of the two countries' heads of government, co-chaired by Chinese Premier³ Wen Jiabao and his Russian counterpart Dmitry Medvedev.

The two leaders spoke⁴ highly of the important role the mechanism⁵ of regular meeting between Chinese and Russian prime ministers has played in the development of China-Russia relations.

They reviewed the achievements and experience in bilateral⁶ cooperation and exchanged views on further expansion of cooperation in politics, economy and trade, energy, science and technologies, culture, and also in major international and regional affairs.

The two sides stressed that bilateral relations have made major progress.

The two countries witnessed frequent high-level exchanges, firmly supported each other on issues concerning the other's core interests such as sovereignty, security and territorial⁷ integrity, and solved their border disputes, which has laid a solid legal foundation for bilateral ties.

China and Russia have witnessed steady and rapid development of pragmatic cooperation in various areas, as the social basis of bilateral ties has been enormously consolidated⁸ and the two countries have moved in coordination on major international and regional issues.

China and Russia always make developing relations with each other a priority of their foreign relations and see each other as major cooperation partner.

The two prime ministers pledged commitment to further deepening the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership⁹ of coordination based on equality and trust, expand pragmatic cooperation in all fields so as to promote sustainable development of the two countries and contribute to the peace and stability of the region and the whole world as well.

TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION

Amid a fluctuating world economy and international trade, China and Russia have maintained sustained and stable development in bilateral trade and economic ties, the two premiers¹⁰ said.

To keep this positive momentum¹¹, they proposed that the two countries will constantly optimize¹² their trade structure, strengthen investment cooperation, intensify¹³ communication in border areas and at local level, expand cooperation in high-tech¹⁴ and innovation, and promote contacts between the two countries' businesses.

The two sides agreed to take Russia's accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO) as an opportunity to further develop bilateral economic and trade cooperation and enhance coordination within the framework of the WTO.

They will diversify¹⁵ the variety of traded goods between the two countries and scale up export of advanced mechanical and high-tech products, help the two countries' enterprises to build partnerships¹⁶ and bring the role of institutions supporting export into full play.

They will seek to bring bilateral investment cooperation to a higher level, with a focus on large-scale cooperation projects. They will also improve investment environment and increase related communication.

The two sides also agreed to speed up efforts to draw up a cooperation plan on the utilization¹⁷ of forest resources and prepare a solid ground for China-Russia cooperation in the intensive processing of timber inside Russia.

The two countries will support their enterprises in cooperating in the production and processing of aluminum¹⁸ in accordance with business principles, and promote exchanges between the two countries' pharmacy¹⁹ industries.

They will also strengthen agricultural cooperation and expand technology cooperation in priority sectors²⁰ such as new energy, energy efficiency, information and telecommunication²¹, nano industry, new materials, sustainable use of natural resources, agricultural technologies, modern manufacturing, bio-technologies, among others.

They will continue to coordinate²² in the implementation²³ of cooperative projects on civil aircraft manufacturing and enhance bilateral cooperation in astronautics.

The two countries will also work jointly²⁴ to improve cross-border transportation infrastructure²⁵ in a bid to boost bilateral trade volume. The two sides will also have discussions on the further development of ties between their aviation industries.

ENERGY COOPERATION

Wen and Medvedev spoke highly of the results of bilateral energy cooperation and expressed the willingness to conduct further cooperation in areas such as natural gas, oil, electricity, coal, the peaceful use of nuclear energy and renewable resources.

The two sides said they support authorized²⁶ companies in carrying out dialogue on natural gas so as to start transporting Russian gas to China at an early date and ensure the long-term stable and safe operation of China-Russia oil pipelines²⁷.

They are also willing to expand cooperation in the exploitation and processing of oil and gas.

The two prime ministers welcomed a revised roadmap of coal cooperation between the two countries and noted²⁸ with satisfaction that Russia's electricity export to China grows continuously.

The two countries will mull further expansion of their cooperation on electricity, including the construction of power plants in Russia.

They also expressed support for further cooperation between the two countries in the comprehensive and peaceful use of nuclear energy, under the precondition of ensuring nuclear safety and based on the principle of mutual²⁹ benefit and reciprocal accommodation of each other's interests.

The two sides also emphasized the need to intensify bilateral cooperation in environmental protection. They pledged to promote joint efforts in monitoring water quality in cross-border water systems, preserving bio-diversity in cross-border natural zones, and to prevent pollution and eliminate impacts of environmental disasters in a timely manner.

CULTURAL COOPERATION

The prime ministers were satisfied with the rapid development of China-Russia cooperation in culture, and approved the implementation of the action plan for cultural cooperation between the two countries.

Both sides stressed that they have great significance to enhance communications between the two countries' youths and make it a long-term mechanism. Big thematic and sports activities involving the two countries' representative youth groups will be held in the next five years.

The leaders spoke highly of the Tourism Year of Russia held in China and pledged to work closely to ensure the success of the Tourism Year of China to be held in Russia next year.

The two sides will step up education cooperation, receive more students from the other country, enhance the joint training of high-level talents, and successfully carry out programs celebrating each other's culture or promoting languages.

The two sides will also strengthen cooperation in the fields of infectious disease control, recuperation, traditional medicine and disaster medicine.

The two sides will encourage participation³¹ of local movies in international film festivals hosted by each other, and the two countries' film making institutions will co-produce films in the subjects of common interests.

The two sides will continue to boost cooperation in archives, including supporting the joint survey research programs on the two countries' history and bilateral relations.

While on border issues, the two leaders believed the first joint inspection³² of the China-Russia border, which started in 2011, is conducive³³ to ensuring the stability of bordering areas and has further enhanced the two countries' good-neighborly relations.

The two sides agreed to start formal negotiation³⁴ in the first half of 2013 on a navigation pact³⁰ of Chinese and Russian ships in the surrounding water of Heixiazi Island (Tarabarov Island and Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island).

The two premiers stressed that China-Russia strategic cooperation has a great significance for the promotion³⁵ of world's peace and development, against the backdrop of profound changes in the global landscape.

As responsible members of the international community, Russia and China will continue to safeguard the fruits of World War II and the postwar political order, comply with the U.N. Charter and the basic principles of the international law, push the international political and economic order toward a fair and equitable³⁶ development.

The two leaders reiterated³⁷ that China and Russia have the same or similar stance on a wide range of global issues and will increase coordination on urgent international issues and in multilateral mechanisms³⁸ such as the United Nations, Group of 20, Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the BRICS, the grouping of major emerging economies.

They also expressed willingness to increase coordination in Asia-Pacific and jointly push for the establishment of a new concept of security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, and equality.

They called on countries in the region to adhere to the principle of non-alliance and abide³⁹ by basic norms of the international law, to be open and tolerant and treat each other as equal and not to damage interests of other countries while safeguarding its own.

While recalling an array of documents signed between China and Russia during the 17th regular meeting of prime ministers, Wen and Medvedev approved results achieved by various bilateral cooperative platforms and praised their improving efficiency.

The two leaders agreed that the next regular meeting between the two countries' heads of government will be held in China in 2013. The specific date will be decided⁴⁰ through diplomatic channels.

1 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

2 coordination   

n.协调，协作

参考例句：

• Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。
• The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好，使演出更具魅力。

3 premier   

adj.首要的；n.总理，首相

参考例句：

• The Irish Premier is paying an official visit to Britain.爱尔兰总理正在对英国进行正式访问。
• He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。

4 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

5 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

6 bilateral   

adj.双方的，两边的，两侧的

参考例句：

• They have been negotiating a bilateral trade deal.他们一直在商谈一项双边贸易协定。
• There was a wide gap between the views of the two statesmen on the bilateral cooperation.对双方合作的问题，两位政治家各自所持的看法差距甚大。

7 territorial   

adj.领土的，领地的

参考例句：

• The country is fighting to preserve its territorial integrity.该国在为保持领土的完整而进行斗争。
• They were not allowed to fish in our territorial waters.不允许他们在我国领海捕鱼。

8 consolidated   

a.联合的

参考例句：

• With this new movie he has consolidated his position as the country's leading director. 他新执导的影片巩固了他作为全国最佳导演的地位。
• Those two banks have consolidated and formed a single large bank. 那两家银行已合并成一家大银行。

9 partnership   

n.合作关系，伙伴关系

参考例句：

• The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
• Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。

10 premiers   

n.总理，首相( premier的名词复数 )；首席官员，

参考例句：

• The Vice- Premiers and State Councillors assist the Premier in his work. 副总理、国务委员协助总理工作。 来自汉英非文学 - 中国宪法
• The Premier, Vice-Premiers and State Councillors shall serve no more than two consecutive terms. 总理、副总理、国务委员连续任职不得超过两届。 来自汉英非文学 - 中国宪法

11 momentum   

n.动力，冲力，势头；动量

参考例句：

• We exploit the energy and momentum conservation laws in this way.我们就是这样利用能量和动量守恒定律的。
• The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。

12 optimize   

v.使优化 [=optimise]

参考例句：

• We should optimize the composition of the Standing Committees.优化人大常委会组成人员的结构。
• We should optimize our import mix and focus on bringing in advanced technology and key equipment.优化进口结构，着重引进先进技术和关键设备。

13 intensify   

vt.加强；变强；加剧

参考例句：

• We must intensify our educational work among our own troops.我们必须加强自己部队的教育工作。
• They were ordered to intensify their patrols to protect our air space.他们奉命加强巡逻，保卫我国的领空。

14 high-tech   

adj.高科技的

参考例句：

• The economy is in the upswing which makes high-tech services in more demand too.经济在蓬勃发展，这就使对高科技服务的需求量也在加大。
• The quest of a cure for disease with high-tech has never ceased. 人们希望运用高科技治疗疾病的追求从未停止过。

15 diversify   

v.（使）不同，（使）变得多样化

参考例句：

• Our company is trying to diversify.我们公司正力图往多样化方面发展。
• Hills and woods diversify the landscape.山陵和树木点缀景色。

16 partnerships   

n.伙伴关系( partnership的名词复数 )；合伙人身份；合作关系

参考例句：

• Partnerships suffer another major disadvantage: decision-making is shared. 合伙企业的另一主要缺点是决定要由大家来作。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• It involved selling off limited partnerships. 它涉及到售出有限的合伙权。 来自辞典例句

17 utilization   

n.利用，效用

参考例句：

• Computer has found an increasingly wide utilization in all fields.电子计算机已越来越广泛地在各个领域得到应用。
• Modern forms of agricultural utilization,have completely refuted this assumption.现代农业利用形式，完全驳倒了这种想象。

18 aluminum   

n.(aluminium)铝

参考例句：

• The aluminum sheets cannot be too much thicker than 0.04 inches.铝板厚度不能超过0.04英寸。
• During the launch phase,it would ride in a protective aluminum shell.在发射阶段，它盛在一只保护的铝壳里。

19 pharmacy   

n.药房，药剂学，制药业，配药业，一批备用药品

参考例句：

• She works at the pharmacy.她在药房工作。
• Modern pharmacy has solved the problem of sleeplessness.现代制药学已经解决了失眠问题。

20 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

21 telecommunication   

n.电信，远距离通信

参考例句：

• Telecommunication is an industry of service.电信业是一个服务型的行业。
• I only care about the telecommunication quality and the charge.我只关心通信质量和资费两个方面。

22 coordinate   

adj.同等的，协调的；n.同等者；vt.协作，协调

参考例句：

• You must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。
• Maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。

23 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

24 jointly   

ad.联合地，共同地

参考例句：

• Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
• She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。

25 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

26 authorized   

a.委任的，许可的

参考例句：

• An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。

27 pipelines   

管道( pipeline的名词复数 )； 输油管道； 在考虑（或规划、准备） 中； 在酿中

参考例句：

• The oil is carried to the oil refinery by pipelines. 石油通过输油管输送到炼油厂。
• The oil carried in pipelines. 石油用管道输送。

28 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

29 mutual   

adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的

参考例句：

• We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
• Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。

30 pact   

n.合同，条约，公约，协定

参考例句：

• The two opposition parties made an electoral pact.那两个反对党订了一个有关选举的协定。
• The trade pact between those two countries came to an end.那两国的通商协定宣告结束。

31 participation   

n.参与，参加，分享

参考例句：

• Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
• The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。

32 inspection   

n.检查，审查，检阅

参考例句：

• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。
• The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers.士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅。

33 conducive   

adj.有益的，有助的

参考例句：

• This is a more conducive atmosphere for studying.这样的氛围更有利于学习。
• Exercise is conducive to good health.体育锻炼有助于增强体质。

34 negotiation   

n.谈判，协商

参考例句：

• They closed the deal in sugar after a week of negotiation.经过一星期的谈判，他们的食糖生意成交了。
• The negotiation dragged on until July.谈判一直拖到7月份。

35 promotion   

n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传

参考例句：

• The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
• The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级，加了薪。

36 equitable   

adj.公平的；公正的

参考例句：

• This is an equitable solution to the dispute. 这是对该项争议的公正解决。
• Paying a person what he has earned is equitable. 酬其应得,乃公平之事。

37 reiterated   

反复地说，重申( reiterate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• "Well, I want to know about it,'she reiterated. “嗯，我一定要知道你的休假日期，"她重复说。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
• Some twenty-two years later President Polk reiterated and elaborated upon these principles. 大约二十二年之后，波尔克总统重申这些原则并且刻意阐释一番。

38 mechanisms   

n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 )；机械装置；[生物学] 机制；机械作用

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

39 abide   

vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受

参考例句：

• You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。
• If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部，你就得遵守它的规章。

40 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。