大气污染来自汽车尾气

 　　According to the latest research, vehicles, coal-burning, airborne dust and industrial production account for 85 to 90-percent of the major airborne pollution sources in most Chinese cities.

　　Vehicles are the biggest polluters in Beijing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

　　Coal-burning emits the most particulates¹ in Shijiazhuang and Nanjing.

　　Tianjin is mostly troubled by airborne dust, while in Ningbo, it is industrial production.

　　In Shanghai so-called "mobile sources", including ships, are said to be responsible for most of the pollution.

　　大气污染来自汽车尾气

　　The research program was initiated² and led by the Ministry³ of Environmental Protection two years ago.

　　Hai Yin is an official with the Ministry's Environment Monitoring Department.

　　"We selected nine cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, Yangtze River Delta⁴ and Zhujiang River Delta, as they tend to have a lot in common. Firstly, they have a good technology background for conducting this kind of researches. Secondly⁵, historically speaking, pollution in these cities is relatively⁶ heavier than other cities. And thirdly, the cities themselves have conducted their own research into pollutants⁷ such as PM10, which laid a good foundation for our additional research."

　　The new analysis is meant to try to provide local officials with information as to how to better manage air pollution.

　　As an example, the results for Shanghai suggest municipal officials should focus not only on vehicles, but also the city's shipping⁸ industry, both domestically and internationally.

　　Luo Hailin is with Shanghai's environmental protection bureau.

　　"There are a lot of opportunities for Shanghai to tackle 'mobile sources.' Authorities should be better controlling so-called yellow-labeled vehicles. As for the ships, it hasn't been our priority in the past. But now it seems they have a considerable impact on the environment. Moreover, another issue is the trucks. Generally speaking, the number of vehicles in Shanghai is less than that of Beijing. However, our calculations show the pollution levels from this category are almost the same in the two cities. The main reason is Shanghai is home to more trucks."

　　Yellow-labeled vehicles refer to those whose exhaust emissions⁹ are below national standards.

　　Beijing's municipal authorities already laid out an updated emergency plan for heavy pollution days this week.

　　If heavy smog lingers for more than three days, a top-level emergency plan will go into effect to reduce emissions, including limiting the use of private vehicles.

　　Apart from the nine cities in the latest analysis, another batch¹⁰ of 26 cities will have their main sources of pollution disclosed later this year.

　　The findings are said to be just the first step towards a broader pollution management plan for China.

　　The next step will see researchers take a 'bigger picture' look at atmospheric¹¹ pollution on a regional level.

　　For CRI, I'm Qi Zhi.

1 particulates   

n.微粒，粒子( particulate的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Techniques for controlling particulates include filtering, washing, centrifugal separation, and electrostatic precipitation. 控制颗粒污染物的技术包括过滤、洗涤、离心分离、静电沉降。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• Only micronic particulates penetrate to the depth of the lung. 只有微细粒子穿透到肺深部。 来自辞典例句

2 initiated   

n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始，创始，启蒙，介绍加入

参考例句：

• He has not yet been thoroughly initiated into the mysteries of computers. 他对计算机的奥秘尚未入门。
• The artist initiated the girl into the art world in France. 这个艺术家介绍这个女孩加入巴黎艺术界。

3 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

4 delta   

n.（流的）角洲

参考例句：

• He has been to the delta of the Nile.他曾去过尼罗河三角洲。
• The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在河口分岔，形成了一个三角洲。

5 secondly   

adv.第二，其次

参考例句：

• Secondly,use your own head and present your point of view.第二，动脑筋提出自己的见解。
• Secondly it is necessary to define the applied load.其次，需要确定所作用的载荷。

6 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

7 pollutants   

污染物质（尤指工业废物）( pollutant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Pollutants are constantly being released into the atmosphere. 污染物质正在不断地被排放到大气中去。
• The 1987 Amendments limit 301(g) discharges to a few well-studied nonconventional pollutants. 1987年的修正案把第301条（g）的普通排放限制施加在一些认真研究过的几种非常规污染物上。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

8 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

9 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

10 batch   

n.一批(组，群)；一批生产量

参考例句：

• The first batch of cakes was burnt.第一炉蛋糕烤焦了。
• I have a batch of letters to answer.我有一批信要回复。

11 atmospheric   

adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的

参考例句：

• Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
• Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。