印度总理纳伦德拉莫迪的一场豪赌

 　　Narendra Modi, the Indian prime minister, rode to power in 2014 with promises to revive economic growth, create jobs for unemployed¹ youth, and find and repatriate² money that rich Indians had hidden abroad.

　　2014年，印度总理纳伦德拉.莫迪(Narendra Modi)带着对恢复经济增长、为失业青年创造就业、以及找到并追回印度富人藏在海外的资金的承诺上台。

　　Yet change had been incremental³.

　　不过，改变一直是渐进发生的。

　　But on November 8, Mr Modi set off a big bang that caught most Indians totally off-guard.

　　但在11月8日，莫迪引发了一场大爆炸，让大多数印度人完全措手不及。

　　In a televised speech, he declared an immediate⁴ ban on the use of Rs500 and Rs1,000 notes — 86 per cent of India’s circulating cash supply — in a highly cash-driven economy and ordered that they be returned to banks by the end of the year.

　　在电视讲话中，他宣布立即禁止在高度现金驱动的印度经济中使用面值为500和1000卢比的纸币——占印度流通中现金供应量的86%——并且下令在今年年底前把这些纸币存入银行。

　　India’s stunned⁵ public was told the radical⁶ measure would help New Delhi unearth⁷ or destroy the illicit⁸ wealth that corrupt⁹ officials, powerful politicians and tax-dodging businessmen are popularly believed to stash¹⁰ in the form of cash.

　　不知所措的印度民众被告知，这项激进措施将有助于政府发现或毁掉那些腐化官员、有权政客、以及逃税商人被普遍认为以现金形式藏匿的非法财富。

　　Indians are now grappling with an unprecedented¹¹ and highly disruptive experiment, whose outcome will undoubtedly¹² be studied by economists¹³ for years to come.

　　印度人目前正在努力应对这场史无前例、极具颠覆性的实验，经济学家无疑将在未来多年研究其结果。

　　It is a big political gamble for Mr Modi, who apparently¹⁴ decided¹⁵ on the sweeping¹⁶ step after limited consultations¹⁷ and with minimal¹⁸ preparation.

　　对莫迪来说，这是一场政治大赌博，他显然是在有限的磋商和几乎毫无准备的情况下决定了这项影响极为广泛的措施。

　　He is betting the political pay-off for demonstrating tough resolve on black money — and, incidentally, wiping out the cash reserves of his political rivals — will outweigh¹⁹ the economic costs of the acute cash scarcity²⁰.

　　他在赌，展现自己对打击黑钱——并顺带清洗掉政治对手的现金储备——的坚定决心所带来的政治收益，将超过严重现金短缺所带来的经济成本。

　　Several large state elections early next year will indicate whether he is right.

　　明年年初举行的多个大邦选举将表明他是否押对了。

1 unemployed   

adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的

参考例句：

• There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。
• The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。

2 repatriate   

v.遣返；返回；n.被遣返回国者

参考例句：

• The government safely repatriates victims.政府安全遣返了受害者。
• In this part,you need to formulate in detail repatriate the plan.在这一部分，你需要制定详细的归国计划。

3 incremental   

adj.增加的

参考例句：

• For logic devices, the incremental current gain is very important. 对于逻辑器件来说，提高电流增益是非常重要的。 来自辞典例句
• By using an incremental approach, the problems involving material or geometric nonlinearity have been solved. 借应用一种增量方法，已经解决了包括材料的或几何的非线性问题。 来自辞典例句

4 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

5 stunned   

adj. 震惊的，惊讶的 动词stun的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The fall stunned me for a moment. 那一下摔得我昏迷了片刻。
• The leaders of the Kopper Company were then stunned speechless. 科伯公司的领导们当时被惊得目瞪口呆。

6 radical   

n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的

参考例句：

• The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
• She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。

7 unearth   

v.发掘，掘出，从洞中赶出

参考例句：

• Most of the unearth relics remain intact.大多数出土文物仍保持完整无损。
• More human remains have been unearthed in the north.北部又挖掘出了更多的人体遗骸。

8 illicit   

adj.非法的，禁止的，不正当的

参考例句：

• He had an illicit association with Jane.他和简曾有过不正当关系。
• Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year.今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。

9 corrupt   

v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的

参考例句：

• The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
• This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

10 stash   

v.藏或贮存于一秘密处所；n.隐藏处

参考例句：

• Stash away both what you lost and gained,for life continues on.将得失深藏心底吧，为了那未来的生活。
• That's supposed to be in our private stash.这是我的私人珍藏。

11 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

12 undoubtedly   

adv.确实地，无疑地

参考例句：

• It is undoubtedly she who has said that.这话明明是她说的。
• He is undoubtedly the pride of China.毫无疑问他是中国的骄傲。

13 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

15 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

16 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

17 consultations   

n.磋商（会议）( consultation的名词复数 )；商讨会；协商会；查找

参考例句：

• Consultations can be arranged at other times by appointment. 磋商可以通过预约安排在其他时间。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Consultations are under way. 正在进行磋商。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

18 minimal   

adj.尽可能少的，最小的

参考例句：

• They referred to this kind of art as minimal art.他们把这种艺术叫微型艺术。
• I stayed with friends, so my expenses were minimal.我住在朋友家，所以我的花费很小。

19 outweigh   

vt.比...更重，...更重要

参考例句：

• The merits of your plan outweigh the defects.你制定的计划其优点胜过缺点。
• One's merits outweigh one's short-comings.功大于过。

20 scarcity   

n.缺乏，不足，萧条

参考例句：

• The scarcity of skilled workers is worrying the government.熟练工人的缺乏困扰着政府。
• The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.水果供不应求是由于干旱造成的。