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高中英语人教版必修第三册03

时间:2010-04-21 05:56来源:互联网 提供网友:huoshiyou   字体: [ ]
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[00:02.93]READING
[00:04.18]REACHING OUT ACROSS THE OCEAN
[00:06.09]Trade and curiosity1 have often formed the foundation2 for mankind’s greatest endeavor3.
[00:10.32]To people of early civilizations, the world map was a great puzzle.
[00:13.79]Marco Polo’s stories inspired Christopher Columbus and other European explorers to search fro sea routes to the distant, wealthy Asian lands.
[00:20.22]However, long before that brave merchants were the real explorers of the Western Ocean.
[00:24.06]It is well known that Africa had contacts with India and the Red Sea civilizations from the earliest times.
[00:29.34]Silk from China found its way over land along the Silk Road to India, the Middle East and Rome, in exchange for spices and glass.
[00:35.50]Silk was also traded along the coasts of the Indian Ocean.
[00:38.24]Ceylon, with its central position, was the place where Chinese merchants met with Arab merchants and heard about the westernmost lands.
[00:44.20]Thus, people of the Han Dynasty knew about Africa and had books with descriptions of the kingdoms on the African coast and the Rd Sea.
[00:50.08]In 97 AD Gan Ying, a Chinese ambassador4, went to the East Roman Empire over land and returned to Luoyany with a present from an African king-rhinoceros5 horns.
[00:58.59]Over the next few hundred years, the Swahili kingdoms and the islands off the African coast developed into the word’s trading centre for ivory6, spices, rhinoceros horns, shells, animal skins and sugar.
[01:07.60]They were traded to merchants from the Arabic countries, Egypt Greece, Rome, India, Ceylon and China.
[01:12.80]The Arabic contacts to the African coast let to the next meting7 between black people and a Chinese.
[01:17.56]In the year 751, the Chinese traveler Du Huan was taken prisoner by the Arabic army.
[01:21.42]He escaped, and after a long journey wandering through Arabic countries, he returned to the motherland by boat in 762.
[01:26.80]There he wrote his Record of My Travels, which gives information on Central Asian, Arabic and African countries.
[01:31.98]In the eleventh century, the Africans made several voyages to the court of the Song Dynasty.
[01:33.23]It was a major development that the Africans were reaching out to China.
[01:36.03]The earliest Asian cultural relic8 found in Africa also dates from this period.
[01:39.71]A small bronze stature9 of a lion was found in the Swahili town of Shanga.
[01:43.50]Nothing similar has ever been found in East Africa.
[01:46.06]The contacts between China and Africa over the centuries led to the awareness10 of each other’s existence, but still no accurate11 maps of the countries around the Indian Ocean existed.
[01:53.84]By the beginning of the fifteenth century the time was ripe for a grand meeting.
[01:57.55]In East Africa the coastal12 towns were reaching the height of their power.
[02:00.79]In the east, China prospered13 under a new dynasty.
[02:03.30]The Ming government had a large navy14 and the will to use it.
[02:06.01]In the years between 1405 and 1433, seven large treasure fleets16 sailed westwards on voyages of trade and exploration.
[02:12.88]Under the command of Zheng He , the fleets set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean the mouth of the Red Sea,
[02:18.40]and then traveled further south, discovering the eastern coast of Africa.
[02:21.37]Zheng He renewed17 relations with the kingdoms of the East African coast.
[02:24.74]One African king sent the Ming emperor a royal present: two giraffes.
[02:28.51]The wonderful gift and the contact with the black court so excited China’s curiosity about Africa that Zhen He sent a message to the king and to other African states,
[02:35.77]inviting them to send ambassadors18 and open embassies19 in the new Ming capital, Beijing.
[02:36.02]The response of the African rules was very generous.
[02:36.09]They sent the emperor zebras, giraffes, shells, elephant ivory and rhinoceros-horn medicine.
[02:40.74]In return, the Ming court sent gold, spices, silk, and various other present

[02:44.84]The exchange of goods had symbolic20 meaning far more important than the value of the goods themselves.
[02:49.02]By trading with the fleet15 the African kings were showing their friendship to the emperor of China.
[02:52.60]The fleet made several expeditions before the exploration was stopped, probably economic reasons.
[02:57.51]For a short time, China had ruled the seas.
[02:59.47]After 1433, the Ming court believed that its greatest challenges and opportunities were at home.
[03:04.10]INTEGRATING SKILLS
[03:07.33]Reading
[03:08.01]GOING HIGH: THE PIONEERS OF THE THIRD POLE
[03:11.25]By the middle of the 1920s the farthest corners of the earth had already been explored: the continents and the oceans had been mapped,
[03:17.44]the North and South Poles had been reached, and the origins of the world’s major rivers had been discovered.
[03:21.91]All that was left to be conquered21 was the “third pole”, the highest mountain on earth, Mount22 Qomolangma.
[03:27.08]Some suggested it could not be accomplished23.
[03:29.46]At that time, going to Mount Qomolangma was like going to the moon.
[03:32.65]Climbing at such high altitudes requires great skill and is not without risk.
[03:36.83]Apart from the cold, thin air and low oxygen levels can cause mountain sickness, which can kill.
[03:41.50]Some people can never go above 4,000 metres because their body is unable to adjust to these extreme conditions.
[03:46.78]Above about 5,200 metres, in the “death zone”, humans can only survive for couple of days, even with extra oxygen.
[03:53.96]The Tibetans have lived in the Himalayas for centuries and have adjusted to the conditions at such a great height.
[03:58.82]To them, the mountains were sacred, and they would not climb them for that reason.
[04:02.53]When Westerners came to climb Mount Qomolangma, the Sherpas, who live in Tibet, northern India and Nepal,acted as guides.
[04:08.70]From the first British Qomolangma expedititon in 1921, Sherpa strength, skill, honesty and dedication24 have made them ideal25 companions on the mountain.
[04:16.30]Every Qomolangma expedition since them has relied on Sherpa support.
[04:20.63]One of the first foreign expeditions to climb Mount Qomolangma arrived in Tibet in 1921.
[04:24.97]They had no idea what they were up against.
[04:27.50]Two British expeditions made the attempt in 1992 and 1924, but failed to reach the top.
[04:32.73]The local Tibetans and Sherpas laughed the strange bottles containing what the referred to as “English air”.
[04:37.43]In 1924 two British men were lost.
[04:40.33]When their oxygen ran out, they had no chance of surviving.
[04:43.36]After World War II, technological26 advances in clothing and equipment had been made,
[04:47.25]and more was known about the mountain itself, which by now had been flown over several times by aircraft.
[04:51.67]The New Zealander Edmund Hillary and the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay,
[04:55.40]as members of British team, were the first to make it to the summit27 to Mount Qomolangma.
[04:59.06]They reached the top on May 29, 1953.
[05:02.40]In later years the question arose who was the first to reach the top.
[05:05.98]Wherever he was asked, Sherpa Tenzing Norgay’s answer was, “We climbed as a team, period.”
[05:10.71]Like winning in the Olympic Games, climbing a mountain such as Mount Qomolangma is a great personal achievement.
[05:15.78]Climbing the mountain is still one of man’s greatest challenges.
[05:18.42]After 1953 several hundred people have succeeded in climbing the mountain,
[05:22.26]some to be the first of their nation and many in attempts to climb the mountain over different slopes.
[05:26.25]The Chinese made their first successful attempt in 1960.
[05:29.57]On May 25 of that year, Gongbu, Wang Fuzhou and Qu Yinhua reached the summit of Mount Qomolangma.
[05:35.34]As it was dark and they were unable to take photos to prove that they had reached the top,
[05:39.24]they left iron container with the national flag and a portrait of Chairman Mao Zedong.
[05:43.05]At the age of 25, Qu Yinhua was the youngest ever to have reached the summit

[05:44.33]On their return, they were praised as national heroes.
[05:47.31]On May 27, 1975, another Chinese team climbed Mount Qomolangma from its northern side.
[05:52.40]Over the past 40 years, 29 other Chinese people have climbed Mount Qomolangma successfully


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 curiosity ByGxj     
n.好奇心,新奇的事物,珍品
参考例句:
  • He gave in to curiosity and opened my letter.他抑制不住好奇心,拆开了我的信。
  • The children are dying of curiosity to see what's in the parcel.孩子们出于好奇,迫不及待地想看看包裹中是什么东西。
2 foundation UijxD     
n.[pl.]地基;基础;基金会;建立,创办
参考例句:
  • The foundation of the university took place 600 years ago.这所大学是600年前创办的。
  • The Foundation gives money to help artists.那家基金会捐款帮助艺术家。
3 endeavor vj3zE     
vt./n.努力,尽力,尝试
参考例句:
  • Thereupon,we knew,our endeavor was valuable.于是,我们知道,我们的努力是有价值的。
  • We endeavor to make our customers satisfied.我们力图使顾客都满意。
4 ambassador uNZzg     
n.大使,特使,(派驻国际组织的)代表
参考例句:
  • He took up office as an ambassador for ten years continuously.他连任十年大使。
  • The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。
5 rhinoceros tXxxw     
n.犀牛
参考例句:
  • The rhinoceros has one horn on its nose.犀牛鼻子上有一个角。
  • The body of the rhinoceros likes a cattle and the head likes a triangle.犀牛的形体像牛,头呈三角形。
6 ivory KaJzc     
n.象牙,乳白色;adj.象牙制的,乳白色的
参考例句:
  • My grandmother has some jewelry made of ivory.我祖母有一些象牙首饰。
  • It is carved from ivory.它是用象牙雕成的。
7 meting eeeaa4c92e1112f32e8aa90d1c9b204b     
v.(对某人)施以,给予(处罚等)( mete的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • The manager was strict and fair in meting out rewards and punishments. 经理赏罚严明。 来自互联网
  • Doris Crockford. Mr. Potter. I can't believe I'm meting you at last. 我叫桃瑞丝。韦斯莱。波特先生。我真不敢相信,总算见到您了。 来自互联网
8 relic 4V2xd     
n.神圣的遗物,遗迹,纪念物
参考例句:
  • This stone axe is a relic of ancient times.这石斧是古代的遗物。
  • He found himself thinking of the man as a relic from the past.他把这个男人看成是过去时代的人物。
9 stature ruLw8     
n.(高度)水平,(高度)境界,身高,身材
参考例句:
  • He is five feet five inches in stature.他身高5英尺5英寸。
  • The dress models are tall of stature.时装模特儿的身材都较高。
10 awareness 4yWzdW     
n.意识,觉悟,懂事,明智
参考例句:
  • There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
  • Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
11 accurate KJByg     
adj.正确无误的;准确的,精确的
参考例句:
  • He has made an accurate measurement of my garden.他准确地丈量了我的花园。
  • He is always accurate in what he says and does.他说的和做的总是正确无误。
12 coastal WWiyh     
adj.海岸的,沿海的,沿岸的
参考例句:
  • The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
  • This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。
13 prospered ce2c414688e59180b21f9ecc7d882425     
成功,兴旺( prosper的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The organization certainly prospered under his stewardship. 不可否认,这个组织在他的管理下兴旺了起来。
  • Mr. Black prospered from his wise investments. 布莱克先生由于巧妙的投资赚了不少钱。
14 navy oGTxs     
n.海军,海军人员,海军军力,藏青色
参考例句:
  • My brother is in the navy.我兄弟在海军服役。
  • He has transferred from the army to the navy.他从陆军转到海军。
15 fleet Lj1xd     
n.舰队;船队,机群
参考例句:
  • He made his money with a fleet of moving vans.他靠一队家具搬运车赚钱。
  • He was placed in command of the fleet.他被任命为舰队司令。
16 fleets b4b3c2ef52a332ef50bdd15d52c30050     
n.舰队( fleet的名词复数 );车队;捕鱼船队;(同一机构或统一调度的)机群
参考例句:
  • The two fleets were standing off from each other. 这两个舰队互相保持一定距离。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The two fleets pounded at each other. 两支舰队彼此猛轰。 来自《简明英汉词典》
17 renewed 758f0e9ea526af2ca587384176f5bbf3     
adj. 更新的,重建的,复兴的,重申的 动词renew的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • They regrouped their forces and renewed the attack. 他们重新聚集兵力,再次发动进攻。
  • The army renewed its assault on the capital. 军队重新发动对首都的攻击。
18 ambassadors 9dcaff553595ebd0ff9f0110686c0807     
大使( ambassador的名词复数 ); (派驻联合国等国际组织的)代表; 特使; [比喻]使者
参考例句:
  • Kennedy, greatly admiring, rated him very high among his ambassadors. 肯尼迪十分赏识他,在所有大使中对他评价很高。
  • Many countries were represented by their ambassadors at the Independence Day celebrations. 庆祝美国独立纪念日时,许多国家都派其大使代表参加。
19 embassies 6df092128832e905f9991526ca3dcb6e     
n.大使馆( embassy的名词复数 );大使馆全体成员
参考例句:
  • The representatives of other countries have their embassies there. 许多国家都在此设有大使馆。 来自英语晨读30分(高二)
  • Demonstrators protested outside the country's embassies all over Europe. 该国驻欧洲各国的大使馆外都有群众进行示威抗议。 来自辞典例句
20 symbolic ErgwS     
adj.象征性的,符号的,象征主义的
参考例句:
  • It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
  • The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。
21 conquered 4c84e133276faec20926742bc0c4074b     
攻克( conquer的过去式和过去分词 ); 征服; 破除; 克服
参考例句:
  • The Normans conquered England in 1066. 诺曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。
  • The mines were manned by forced labour from conquered countries. 这些矿由来自被征服国家的强制劳工开采。
22 mount 6Fixv     
n.山峰,乘用马,框,衬纸;vi.增长,骑上(马);vt.提升,爬上,装备
参考例句:
  • Their debts continued to mount up.他们的债务不断增加。
  • She is the first woman who steps on the top of Mount Jolmo Lungma.她是第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的女人。
23 accomplished UzwztZ     
adj.有才艺的;有造诣的;达到了的
参考例句:
  • Thanks to your help,we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.亏得你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。
  • Removal of excess heat is accomplished by means of a radiator.通过散热器完成多余热量的排出。
24 dedication pxMx9     
n.奉献,献身,致力,题献,献辞
参考例句:
  • We admire her courage,compassion and dedication.我们钦佩她的勇气、爱心和奉献精神。
  • Her dedication to her work was admirable.她对工作的奉献精神可钦可佩。
25 ideal 2bRxF     
adj.理想的,完美的;空想的,观念的;n.理想
参考例句:
  • The weather at the seaside was ideal—bright and breezy.海边的天气最宜人,风和日丽的。
  • They promised to be faithful to their ideal for ever. 他们保证永远忠于自己的理想。
26 technological gqiwY     
adj.技术的;工艺的
参考例句:
  • A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
  • Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今, 随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。
27 summit eHezk     
n.最高点,峰顶;最高级会议;极点
参考例句:
  • They climbed up the mountain and reached the summit.他们爬山,最终达到了山顶。
  • The summit of the mountain is lost in the cloud and mist.山顶隐没在云雾之中。
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