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高中英语河北版上Unit eight

时间:2009-11-17 08:31来源:互联网 提供网友:zhou851117   字体: [ ]
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00:00.00]Unit Eight  New ideas and Inventions
[00:-1.00]China has produced many inventors throughout history.
[00:-2.00]Studies show that from the 6th century B.C.to the 16th century A.D.,
[00:-3.00]there were 298 major inventions and discoveries in the world,
[00:-4.00]among which 178 were made by China alone!
[00:-5.00]A mind once stretched by a new idea
[00:-6.00]never regains1 its original dimension.-Ancient Proverb
[00:-7.00]Section 1 New words and ideas   The Invention of Explosives
[00:-8.00]Some ancient Chinese alchemists were mixing some ingredients together
[00:-9.00]to form something they thught would make them live forever.
[00:10.00]They put their mixture on a small fire,not knowing they had made a mistake.
[00:11.00]The mixture started to bubble and boil.
[00:12.00]Then it burst into flames,burning down thier hut.
[00:13.00]Without knowing it,these ancient alchemists had made the first explosives.
[00:14.00]The ancient Chinese realized after a long while
[00:15.00]that the mixture that the alchemists had made could be used on something different.
[00:16.00]They mixed many other ingredients together
[00:17.00]and after repeated failures they found the answer.
[00:18.00]They were pleased with their accomplishment2.
[00:19.00]At first,the Chinese did not use their new creation for war.
[00:20.00]They made the first fireworks our of the new material.
[00:21.00]They used their fireworks as signals for many things
[00:22.00]such as signaling that another army was approaching.
[00:23.00]The Chinese kept developing their creation,not using their knowledge for war.
[00:24.00]Eventually,they did design a weapon that was powerful.
[00:25.00]They took a hollowed piece of bamboo and filled it with the powder.
[00:26.00]Then they stuffed arrows in it.These were the first rockets.
[00:27.00]Later the secret of the invention leaked to the Arabs
[00:28.00]who absorbed the new knowledge quickly.
[00:29.00]The Arabs made similar weapons.They brought the knowledge westward,
[00:30.00]introducing it to the Europeans who absorbed it quickly.
[00:31.00]The age of explosives began.
[00:32.00]In the 1200's,Roger Bacon,a European,was interested in the new knowledge.
[00:33.00]He studied it and tested it over and over.
[00:34.00]After many months,he found the perfect solution.
[00:35.00]Roger Bacon made,and recorded,
[00:36.00]the first black powder(the early form of gunpowder).
[00:37.00]One hundred years later,
[00:38.00]a man named berthold Schwarts looked into this black powder.
[00:39.00]Bacon did not get credit for making the black powder
[00:40.00]because he didn't use his invention.
[00:41.00]Schwarts saw this and put his mind to work.
[00:42.00]He tried many things and finally thought of a great idea.
[00:43.00]Schwarts took a long iron tube and closed one end except for a tiny hole.
[00:44.00]He filled the tube with the black powder and stuffed a small stone in it.
[00:45.00]He touched a flame to the tiny hole
[00:46.00]and the stone shot through the air with great speed.
[00:47.00]Schwarts had invented guns.Soon,guns became cannons3.
[00:48.00]The age when the rich lords could sit in their castles and feel safe was over.
[00:49.00]A new age of darkness bagan.
[00:50.00]Gunpowder also sped up the slow process of digging up stones.
[00:51.00]It could be used to blow stones out of the ground.
[00:52.00]Before,only the rich people could have stone house.
[00:53.00]Now even some poor people could have a house of stone.
[00:54.00]This was a great technological4 step forward.
[00:55.00]Five-hundred years after Schwarts made the first guns,
[00:56.00]an Italian scientist was added to the list of inventors
[00:57.00]with his creation of a dangerous and unstable5 mixture.
[00:58.00]In the 19th century,a new idea came into Alfred Nobel's head.
[00:59.00]he tried putting dry remains6 of sea animals into this unstable mixture.
[-1:00.00]He tested the new substance and found that it worked.
[-1:-1.00]This was one of many great inventions.
[-1:-2.00]Nobel named his invention dynamite,one of the first high explosives. [-1:-3.00]People used the new explosive for excavating7 and tunnelling.
[-1:-4.00]Nobel became very rich and famous.
[-1:-5.00]Many years later,Alfred Nobel died.He left his money for prizes.
[-1:-6.00]Those who did best in certain fields were rewarded for their work.
[-1:-7.00]Every year,the prizes were,and still are,given to the best in chemistry,
[-1:-8.00]medicine,physics,literature,and the promotion8 of peace.
[-1:-9.00]Section 2 Meaning through practice
[-1:10.00]C.Build your listening skills
[-1:11.00]Listen to the passage about an important Chinese invention
[-1:12.00]and fill in the blanks.
[-1:13.00]For centuries,riches,_____,information and ____
[-1:14.00]flowed between the easternmost parts of ___.
[-1:15.00]deserts in the Middle East,the kingdoms of Southern Africa,
[-1:16.00]and the ___ of Western Europe.
[-1:17.00]The ancient___civilization,for example,
[-1:18.00]contributed many things that are now used all over the world.
[-1:19.00]Perhaps the most important of all of these was paper_____!
[-1:20.00]Originally,the Chinese called this"____money",
[-1:21.00]because it was so____that it could easily blow out of one's_____.
[-1:22.00]As early as 650 A.D.,the____of China issued paper"tokens"to the Chinese people.
[-1:23.00]By the 10th century,paper money was____all over China.
[-1:24.00]____hundred years later,paper money started to come into use in____.
[-1:25.00]Section 4 Reading to get up early
[-1:26.00]A New Bed for you
[-1:27.00]Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning?
[-1:28.00]Do you sometimes oversleep?Are you often late for work or school?
[-1:29.00]Yes?Then Hiroyuki Sugiyama of Japan has a special bed for you.
[-1:30.00]Hiroyuki's be will get you up in the morning!Here is how it works.
[-1:31.00]The bed is connected to an alarm clock.
[-1:32.00]First,the alarm clocking rings.You have a few minutes to wake up.
[-1:33.00]Next,a tape recorder in the bed plays soft music or other pleasant sounds.
[-1:34.00]The tape recorder in Hiroyuki's bed plays a recording9 of his girlfriend.
[-1:35.00]She whispers in a sweet voice,"wake up,darling,please."
[-1:36.00]A few minutes later a second recording plays.
[-1:37.00]The second recording can be loud music or unpleasant sounds.
[-1:38.00]Hiroyuki hears a recording of his boss.
[-1:39.00]His boss shouts,"Wake up immediately,or you'll be late!"
[-1:40.00]If you don't get up after the second recording,you'll be sorry!
[-1:41.00]A mechanical"foot"is in the bed.The mechanical foot kicks you in the head.
[-1:42.00]Then the bed waits a few more minutes.What!You're still in bed!
[-1:43.00]Slowly the top of the bed rises higher and higher.
[-1:44.00]The foot of the bed goes lower and lower.
[-1:45.00]Finally,the bed si vertical10.You slide off the bed and onto the floor.
[-1:46.00]You are out of bed and awake!
[-1:47.00]Hiroyuki made his bed because he wanted to win a contest.
[-1:48.00]He works for Honda Motor Company.
[-1:49.00]Once every two years Honda has a contest for its 2000 000 employees
[-1:50.00]-the"All-Honda Idea Contest."The employees think of new ideas.
[-1:51.00]If their ideas win,the employees win prizes.
[-1:52.00]Hiroyuki Sugiyama won one of the top prizes for his bed.
[-1:53.00]Hiroyuki wanted to win a prize.He also wanted to solve a problem.
[-1:54.00]"Getting up in the morning is difficult for me,"he said.
[-1:55.00]"Often I am almost late for work.Maybe this bed will solve my problem."
[-1:56.00]Hiroyuki's bed is not in stores.
[-1:57.00]There is only one bed-the bed Hiroyuki made for the contest.
[-1:58.00]Maybe someday a company will make Hiroyuki's bed and sell it in stores.
[-1:59.00]Maybe people will buy millions of the beds.
[-2:00.00]Then Hiroyuki rich,If the bed makes Hiroyuki rich,
[-2:-1.00]it certainly will solve his problem.
[-2:-2.00]Hiroyuki will have a lot of money.He won't need to go to work,
[-2:-3.00]and he won't need to get up early!
[-2:-4.00]Reading for information   The miracle machine
[-2:-5.00]Computers affect the lives of many people in many ways.
[-2:-6.00]From digital watches,to controlling the economy,computers have affected11 society[-2:-7.00]Over the years,they have changed from huge rooms
[-2:-8.00]full of equipment used by a few scientists,
[-2:-9.00]to handy little tools that can be carried anywhere.
[-2:10.00]Many people have never heard the history behind this miracle machine
[-2:11.00]that is changing the way we work and play.
[-2:12.00]The idea that a machine could be built to add and subtract was an early step.
[-2:13.00]The abacus,a gadget12 with beads13 on wires,was developed long ago to help do this.
[-2:14.00]In 1642,Blaise Pascal developed another machine.
[-2:15.00]This one had numbered dials
[-2:16.00]that could be turned to add or subtract columns of numbers.
[-2:17.00]Another"thread"in the history of the computer
[-2:18.00]was the invention of looms14 that were controlled by punched paper tape or cards.
[-2:19.00]The most advanced of these was the Jacquard loom,invented in 1801.
[-2:20.00]The holes in the cards moved up and down to create the pattern in the cloth.
[-2:21.00]These "up"and"down"patterns were adapted to the"on"and "off",
[-2:22.00]or 1 and 0,system that is the basis for all computer languages.
[-2:23.00]These two areas were combined by Charles Babbage in 1834.
[-2:24.00]His "engine"could have been used to solve many number problems[-2:25.00]However,the machine designed by Babbage
[-2:26.00]was beyond the manufacturing abilities of that time.
[-2:27.00]His "analytical15 enging"was never built.
[-2:28.00]The first ture digital computer were built between 1934 and 1946.
[-2:29.00]At the end of this period of time,the most-advanced computer(the ENIAC)
[-2:30.00]was able to perform 5000 additions per second.
[-2:31.00]This machine weighed about thirty tons and filled a large room
[-2:32.00]-large and slow by today's standards.
[-2:33.00]It is the grandfather of all the microcomputers16 and pocket calculators used today.
[-2:34.00]Reading for new ideas  The edible17 cup
[-2:35.00]EDMONTON,ALBERTA-
[-2:36.00]Are you worried about the environment?
[-2:37.00]Do yu feel bad when you throw away paper cups and packaging?
[-2:38.00]Paper comes from trees,and we are using too many of them.
[-2:39.00]Trees keep our air clean by taking in carbon dioxide and sending out oxygen.
[-2:40.00]Fewer trees mean polluted air.
[-2:41.00]Garbge is another problem.There is nowhere to put it.
[-2:42.00]But you like the idea of take-out food,right?
[-2:43.00]No problem.Eat your lunch,drink your coffee,then eat the container!
[-2:44.00]It's a great idea-an edible food container.
[-2:45.00]Food science professor Buncha Ooraikul plans to make edible containers
[-2:46.00]for such things as coffee,soft drinks,hamburgers,French fries,and yogurt.
[-2:47.00]He places tow cups on his desk.
[-2:48.00]They look like foam18 cups,but they are different colours:
[-2:49.00]cream and reddish-brown.Break off a small piece of the cup and yes,
[-2:50.00]it is delicious!
[-2:51.00]"You can add any flavour you want,"says Ooraikul,"coffee,bacon..."
[-2:52.00]Companies can also and print to the cups with edible ink.
[-2:53.00]Buncha says,"The cups don't leak.
[-2:54.00]They can hold hot or cold liquild for at least two hurs."
[-2:55.00]He pours steaming hot coffee into one and lets it sit on his desk.
[-2:56.00]The cups are made of wheat flour and potatoes.
[-2:57.00]The complete recipe is a secret.
[-2:58.00]He agrees that edible food contaners are not now.
[-2:59.00]Ice cream cones19 are also containers you can eat.
[-3:00.00]Ooraikul needs#2.5million to finish work,
[-3:-1.00]open a factory,and start his business.
[-3:-2.00]So far,he has only received between$20000 and $25000.
[-3:-3.00]The cup of hot coffee on Buncha's desk is now soft,but it hasn't leaked.
[-3:-4.00]If the professor can complete his work,
[-3:-5.00]maybe someday we can have our cup and eat it too!
[-3:-6.00]Reading for inspiration
[-3:-7.00]Where did Basketball games come from?
[-3:-8.00]Games don't come with built-in rulebooks and uniforms.
[-3:-9.00]They develop over time from activities of people playing for fun.
[-3:10.00]For example,basketball was invented to help American football players [-3:11.00]have fun and stay in shape in the cold winter months.
[-3:12.00]Here is the story.James Naismith had a problem.
[-3:13.00]It was cold and snowy outside the Yong Men's Christian20 Association(YMCA),
[-3:14.00]in the U.S.A,where he worked.
[-3:15.00]Athletes on the baseball and football teams were sitting around
[-3:16.00]getting bored and out of shape.
[-3:17.00]Naismith was asked to think up an indoor game to get them in shape.
[-3:18.00]What could Naimith do?
[-3:19.00]He went to the storeroom and brought up a socer ball.
[-3:20.00]Then he asked the caretaker to find two boxes
[-3:21.00]to nail to the wall at opposite ends of their small gymnasium.
[-3:22.00]The Janitor21 couldn't find any boxes,so he brought up two old peach baskets.
[-3:23.00]They worked just fine.
[-3:24.00]The first two points in the first basketball game ever
[-3:25.00]were scored by an overweight football player
[-3:26.00]who received a bounce pass from a friend and did a jump shot
[-3:27.00]with a soccer ball into a peach basket.

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 regains 2b9d32bd499682b7d47a7662f2ec18e8     
复得( regain的第三人称单数 ); 赢回; 重回; 复至某地
参考例句:
  • It will take a lot of repair work before the theatre regains its former splendour. 要想剧院重拾昔日的辉煌,必须进行大规模整修。
  • He lays down the book and regains the consciousness. 他惊悸初定,掩卷细思。
2 accomplishment 2Jkyo     
n.完成,成就,(pl.)造诣,技能
参考例句:
  • The series of paintings is quite an accomplishment.这一系列的绘画真是了不起的成就。
  • Money will be crucial to the accomplishment of our objectives.要实现我们的目标,钱是至关重要的。
3 cannons dd76967b79afecfefcc8e2d9452b380f     
n.加农炮,大炮,火炮( cannon的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Cannons bombarded enemy lines. 大炮轰击了敌军阵地。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • One company had been furnished with six cannons. 某连队装备了六门大炮。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 technological gqiwY     
adj.技术的;工艺的
参考例句:
  • A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
  • Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今, 随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。
5 unstable Ijgwa     
adj.不稳定的,易变的
参考例句:
  • This bookcase is too unstable to hold so many books.这书橱很不结实,装不了这么多书。
  • The patient's condition was unstable.那患者的病情不稳定。
6 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
7 excavating 5d793b033d109ef3f1f026bd95b1d9f5     
v.挖掘( excavate的现在分词 );开凿;挖出;发掘
参考例句:
  • A bulldozer was employed for excavating the foundations of the building. 推土机用来给楼房挖地基。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • A new Danish expedition is again excavating the site in annual summer digs. 一支新的丹麦探险队又在那个遗址上进行一年一度的夏季挖掘。 来自辞典例句
8 promotion eRLxn     
n.提升,晋级;促销,宣传
参考例句:
  • The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
  • The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级,加了薪。
9 recording UktzJj     
n.录音,记录
参考例句:
  • How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间?
  • I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。
10 vertical ZiywU     
adj.垂直的,顶点的,纵向的;n.垂直物,垂直的位置
参考例句:
  • The northern side of the mountain is almost vertical.这座山的北坡几乎是垂直的。
  • Vertical air motions are not measured by this system.垂直气流的运动不用这种系统来测量。
11 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
12 gadget Hffz0     
n.小巧的机械,精巧的装置,小玩意儿
参考例句:
  • This gadget isn't much good.这小机械没什么用处。
  • She has invented a nifty little gadget for undoing stubborn nuts and bolts.她发明了一种灵巧的小工具用来松开紧固的螺母和螺栓。
13 beads 894701f6859a9d5c3c045fd6f355dbf5     
n.(空心)小珠子( bead的名词复数 );水珠;珠子项链
参考例句:
  • a necklace of wooden beads 一条木珠项链
  • Beads of perspiration stood out on his forehead. 他的前额上挂着汗珠。
14 looms 802b73dd60a3cebff17088fed01c2705     
n.织布机( loom的名词复数 )v.隐约出现,阴森地逼近( loom的第三人称单数 );隐约出现,阴森地逼近
参考例句:
  • All were busily engaged,men at their ploughs,women at their looms. 大家都很忙,男的耕田,女的织布。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The factory has twenty-five looms. 那家工厂有25台织布机。 来自《简明英汉词典》
15 analytical lLMyS     
adj.分析的;用分析法的
参考例句:
  • I have an analytical approach to every survey.对每项调查我都采用分析方法。
  • As a result,analytical data obtained by analysts were often in disagreement.结果各个分析家所得的分析数据常常不一致。
16 microcomputers 9d586e7e93514db2c23c6973518deef0     
微型计算机( microcomputer的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Microcomputers are playing an important role in our lives. 微型计算机在我们生活中扮演着重要的角色。
  • Many microcomputers do allow you to directly address a memory address. 目前有许多微计算机允许你直接访问某个存储单元。
17 edible Uqdxx     
n.食品,食物;adj.可食用的
参考例句:
  • Edible wild herbs kept us from dying of starvation.我们靠着野菜才没被饿死。
  • This kind of mushroom is edible,but that kind is not.这种蘑菇吃得,那种吃不得。
18 foam LjOxI     
v./n.泡沫,起泡沫
参考例句:
  • The glass of beer was mostly foam.这杯啤酒大部分是泡沫。
  • The surface of the water is full of foam.水面都是泡沫。
19 cones 1928ec03844308f65ae62221b11e81e3     
n.(人眼)圆锥细胞;圆锥体( cone的名词复数 );球果;圆锥形东西;(盛冰淇淋的)锥形蛋卷筒
参考例句:
  • In the pines squirrels commonly chew off and drop entire cones. 松树上的松鼠通常咬掉和弄落整个球果。 来自辞典例句
  • Many children would rather eat ice cream from cones than from dishes. 许多小孩喜欢吃蛋卷冰淇淋胜过盘装冰淇淋。 来自辞典例句
20 Christian KVByl     
adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒
参考例句:
  • They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
  • His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。
21 janitor iaFz7     
n.看门人,管门人
参考例句:
  • The janitor wiped on the windows with his rags.看门人用褴褛的衣服擦着窗户。
  • The janitor swept the floors and locked up the building every night.那个看门人每天晚上负责打扫大楼的地板和锁门。
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