2019年经济学人 一周要闻 普京连任俄罗斯总统 沙特与加拿大"翻脸"; 全球变暖致灾难频发

 

In the year’s other big elections, Colombia took a conservative turn when it elected Iván Duque as president. With the main opposition¹ candidate barred from running, Vladimir Putin was easily re-elected as Russia’s president. Pakistan got a new prime minister in Imran Khan, though the former cricket star had unsporting help from the army. Italy got a new populist coalition², which did little to tackle the country’s mounting debt problem.

在今年其他国家的大选中，哥伦比亚在选举伊凡·杜克(Ivan Duque)为总统时转向保守派。由于主要反对党候选人被禁止参选，弗拉基米尔·普京(Vladimir Putin)轻松连任俄罗斯总统。巴基斯坦新总理伊姆兰汗(Imran Khan)上台，尽管这位前板球明星得到了军方不公正的帮助。意大利组建了一个新的民粹主义联盟，但在解决该国日益严重的债务问题方面收效甚微。

Malaysians ousted³ the increasingly corrupt⁴ party that had ruled their country since independence in 1957, even though it had tried to rig the ballot⁵. And Zimbabwe’s election was won by ZANU-PF, sans Robert Mugabe. The opposition claimed the vote had been rigged, but the electoral commission insisted there had been no skulduggery.

马来西亚人民推翻了自1957年独立以来日益腐败的执政党，尽管该党曾试图操纵选举。津巴布韦的选举是由没有罗伯特·穆加贝的非洲民族联盟-爱国阵线赢得的。反对派声称投票被人操纵，但选举委员会坚称没有任何欺诈行为。

Cyril Ramaphosa took over as South Africa’s president when Jacob Zuma at last resigned after years of corruption⁶ scandals. The moribund⁷ economy emerged from recession. Australia also got a new leader when Malcolm Turnbull was ousted as prime minister by his party colleagues and replaced with Scott Morrison. The office has changed hands six times since 2007. Amid an impeachment⁸ vote, Pedro Pablo Kuczynski resigned as Peru’s president.

雅各布·祖马(Jacob Zuma)在多年的腐败丑闻后终于辞职，西里尔·拉马福萨(Cyril Ramaphosa)接任南非总统。奄奄一息的经济从衰退中复苏。当马尔科姆·特恩布尔(Malcolm Turnbull)被党内同僚赶下台，由斯科特·莫里森(Scott Morrison)接任总理时，澳大利亚也迎来了一位新任领导人。自2007年以来，该职位已经六度换将。在弹劾投票中，佩德罗·巴勃罗·库琴斯基辞去了秘鲁总统的职务。

The crisis of socialist⁹ mismanagement in Venezuela deepened, speeding up a mass exodus¹⁰ of its hungry and disenfranchised people. The military officers in charge of toilet-paper distribution failed to deliver. Inflation hit 1,000,000%. Nicolás Maduro, the president, gained another term in a sham¹¹ election. He blamed Colombia for what he said was an assassination¹² attempt on himself by drones. The event, captured on tv, showed troops fleeing rather than defending their leader.

委内瑞拉的社会主义管理不善的危机进一步加深，加速了该国饥饿和被剥夺权利的人民的大规模外流。负责分发卫生纸的军官未能按时送达。通货膨胀达到1000000%。而总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗(Nicolas Maduro)在一场虚假选举中连任。他指责哥伦比亚企图利用无人机暗杀自己。从电视上抓拍到的这一画面显示，军队当时忙着逃命，而不是保卫他们的领袖。

I don’t believe it

谁信呢

Global warming was said to be partly responsible for wildfires that killed some 100 people near Athens and at least 85 in California. A report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warned that such calamities¹³ will become more common if the world warms even by another 0.5°C. A White House report forecast grim effects for the American economy: Donald Trump¹⁴ said he didn’t believe it. An international deal was struck on how to implement¹⁵ the Paris agreement on climate change.

据说，全球变暖是造成雅典附近约100人死亡以及加州至少85人死于野火的部分原因。政府间气候变化专门委员会的一份报告警告称,如果全球变暖甚至被另一个0.5°C，这类灾难将变得更加普遍。白宫的一份报告预测了美国经济的严峻影响：特朗普坚称，他不相信。各方就如何实施气候变化《巴黎协定》达成了一项国际协议。

Indonesia suffered two devastating¹⁶ earthquakes. The first struck the island of Lombok, killing¹⁷ over 560 people. The second triggered a tsunami¹⁸ in Sulawesi, killing more than 2,250 people.

印度尼西亚遭受了两次毁灭性的地震。第一起地震袭击了龙目岛，造成560多人死亡。第二次地震引发了苏拉威西岛的海啸，造成2250多人死亡。

Women got wheels

女司机的福音

Saudi Arabia lifted a ban on female drivers. It also allowed cinemas to open for the first time in decades (the first film to be shown publicly was “Black Panther”). But these small liberalising steps were overshadowed by the arbitrary locking up of feminists¹⁹, plutocrats and many others. The kingdom froze its links with Canada after Canada’s foreign minister mildly criticised such abuses. Jamal Khashoggi, a journalist, was murdered and dismembered by Saudi operatives in a consulate²⁰ in Istanbul.

沙特阿拉伯解除了对女性司机的禁令。它还允许电影院几十年来首次开放(第一部公开放映的电影是《黑豹》)。但是，女权主义者、财阀和其他许多人的专断监禁，导致这些微小的自由化举措黯然失色。在加拿大外交部长对侵犯人权的行为提出中立批评后，沙特冻结了与加拿大的联系。贾迈勒·卡舒吉(Jamal Khashoggi)是一名记者，在伊斯坦布尔的一处领事馆被沙特特工谋杀并遭肢解。

1 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

2 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

3 ousted   

驱逐( oust的过去式和过去分词 )； 革职； 罢黜； 剥夺

参考例句：

• He was ousted as chairman. 他的主席职务被革除了。
• He may be ousted by a military takeover. 他可能在一场军事接管中被赶下台。

4 corrupt   

v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的

参考例句：

• The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
• This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

5 ballot   

n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票

参考例句：

• The members have demanded a ballot.会员们要求投票表决。
• The union said they will ballot members on whether to strike.工会称他们将要求会员投票表决是否罢工。

6 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

7 moribund   

adj.即将结束的，垂死的

参考例句：

• The moribund Post Office Advisory Board was replaced.这个不起作用的邮局顾问委员会已被替换。
• Imperialism is monopolistic,parasitic and moribund capitalism.帝国主义是垄断的、寄生的、垂死的资本主义。

8 impeachment   

n.弹劾；控告；怀疑

参考例句：

• Impeachment is considered a drastic measure in the United States.在美国，弹劾被视为一种非常激烈的措施。
• The verdict resulting from his impeachment destroyed his political career.他遭弹劾后得到的判决毁了他的政治生涯。

9 socialist   

n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的

参考例句：

• China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
• His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

10 exodus   

v.大批离去，成群外出

参考例句：

• The medical system is facing collapse because of an exodus of doctors.由于医生大批离去，医疗系统面临崩溃。
• Man's great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from this planet.人在当前所遇到的最大挑战，就是要防止人从这个星球上消失。

11 sham   

n./adj.假冒(的)，虚伪(的)

参考例句：

• They cunningly played the game of sham peace.他们狡滑地玩弄假和平的把戏。
• His love was a mere sham.他的爱情是虚假的。

12 assassination   

n.暗杀；暗杀事件

参考例句：

• The assassination of the president brought matters to a head.总统遭暗杀使事态到了严重关头。
• Lincoln's assassination in 1865 shocked the whole nation.1865年，林肯遇刺事件震惊全美国。

13 calamities   

n.灾祸，灾难( calamity的名词复数 )；不幸之事

参考例句：

• They will only triumph by persevering in their struggle against natural calamities. 他们只有坚持与自然灾害搏斗，才能取得胜利。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• One moment's false security can bring a century of calamities. 图一时之苟安，贻百年之大患。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

14 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

15 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

16 devastating   

adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的

参考例句：

• It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
• Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。

17 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

18 tsunami   

n.海啸

参考例句：

• Powerful quake sparks tsunami warning in Japan.大地震触发了日本的海啸预警。
• Coastlines all around the Indian Ocean inundated by a huge tsunami.大海啸把印度洋沿岸地区都淹没了。

19 feminists   

n.男女平等主义者，女权扩张论者( feminist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Only 16 percent of young women in a 1990 survey considered themselves feminists. 在1990年的一项调查中，只有16%的年轻女性认为自己是女权主义者。 来自辞典例句
• The organization had many enemies, most notably among feminists. 这个组织有许多敌人，特别是在男女平等主义者中。 来自辞典例句

20 consulate   

n.领事馆

参考例句：

• The Spanish consulate is the large white building opposite the bank.西班牙领事馆是银行对面的那栋高大的白色建筑物。
• The American consulate was a magnificent edifice in the centre of Bordeaux.美国领事馆是位于波尔多市中心的一座宏伟的大厦。