2019年经济学人 一周要闻 美投资商在俄罗斯被抓 瑞银税务欺诈被重判 亚马逊放弃纽约第二总部计划

 

Has he annoyed the Kremlin?

他惹恼了克里姆林宫吗？

International investors¹ reacted with shock to the arrest of Michael Calvey in Moscow. Mr Calvey, an American, runs Baring Vostok, a big private-equity firm in Russia. He has been accused, along with other executives, of defrauding² a bank that is owned by Baring Vostok and will remain in custody³ ahead of a trial in April. Mr Calvey denies the accusations⁴, which he says are rooted in a dispute involving two shareholders⁵.

国际投资者对迈克尔·卡维(Michael Calvey)在莫斯科被捕感到震惊。卡尔维先生是美国人，经营着俄罗斯一家大型私募股权公司Baring Vostok。他和其他数名高管被控诈骗巴林·沃斯托克(Baring Vostok)旗下的一家银行，他将继续被拘留直至4月份的庭审。卡维否认这些指控，他说这些指控起源于两名股东之间的纠纷。

A French court found UBS guilty of helping⁶ people evade⁷ tax and fined it 3.7bn euros ($4.2bn). It also ordered the Swiss bank to pay 800m euros to the French state in damages. UBS is to appeal against the verdict, arguing that it was based on “unfounded allegations”. It said the court had failed to establish that any offence had been committed in France, and therefore it had applied⁸ French law to Switzerland, posing “significant questions of territoriality”.

法国一家法院裁定瑞银帮助客户逃税，并对其处以37亿欧元(合42亿美元)的罚款。该法院还命令这家瑞士银行向法国政府赔偿8亿欧元的损失。瑞银将对该判决提出上诉，辩称该判决是基于“毫无根据的指控”。该行称，因在法国并无确立犯下任何犯罪行为，该判决是在瑞士行使法国法律，还对“领土问题提出了重大疑问”。

Estonia’s financial-services regulator ordered Danske to close its sole Estonian branch, which is at the centre of a 200bn euros ($227bn) money-laundering scandal. Meanwhile Swedbank, which is based in Stockholm, saw its share price plunge⁹ after a TV programme aired accusations that it was involved in the scandal.

爱沙尼亚的金融服务监管机构命令丹斯克银行关闭其位于爱沙尼亚的唯一分行，该分行正身陷一场价值2000亿欧元(2270亿美元)的洗钱丑闻中。与此同时，总部位于斯德哥尔摩的瑞典银行(Swedbank)的股价暴跌，起因是一档电视节目披露了其卷入该丑闻的指控。

New York’s mayor, Bill de Blasio, criticised Amazon’s decision to cancel its plan to build one of its two new headquarters in Queens. The online retailer¹⁰ pulled out in the face of growing opposition¹¹ from newly emboldened¹² left-wing Democrats¹³, who questioned the subsidies¹⁴ it would receive. Mr de Blasio said Amazon had been offered a “fair deal”.

纽约市长比尔·白思豪(Bill de Blasio)批评亚马逊决定取消在皇后区新建第二总部的计划。这家在线零售商面临着最近崛起的“左翼”民主党人的强烈反对，他们对亚马逊将获得的补贴提出质疑。白思豪表示，与亚马逊的交易是“公平的”。

Walmart reported solid growth in sales for the quarter covering the Christmas period. Online sales in America surged by 43% as the retailer ramped¹⁵ up its grocery delivery and pick-up services. Meanwhile, Britain’s competition regulator said it might block the planned merger¹⁶ of J. Sainsbury with Asda, a subsidiary of Walmart. The merger would create Britain’s biggest supermarket company. A furious J. Sainsbury criticised the Competition and Markets Authority, saying it had “moved the goalposts” in its analysis.

沃尔玛报告称，在圣诞节期间的第四季度，销售额实现稳步增长。随着该零售商加大了其货物配送和提货服务的力度，美国的在线销售额激增43%。与此同时，英国竞争监管机构表示，可能会阻挠J. Sainsbury与沃尔玛子公司阿斯达(Asda)的合并计划。该合并将创造出英国最大的超市公司。气急败坏的J. Sainsbury指责该监管机构，称其在分析中“改变了规则”。

Greggs, a cheap but cheerful purveyor¹⁷ of sandwiches and bakery food in Britain, reported an “exceptionally strong start” to 2019, which it attributed to the roll out of its vegan sausage roll. Derided¹⁸ by some (Piers Morgan pilloried¹⁹ Greggs for being “pc-ravaged clowns”) the company said the publicity²⁰ had boosted sales of its other “iconic sausage rolls” and food. Some predict this will be the year of the vegan.

格里格斯是英国一家廉价但颇受欢迎的三明治和烘焙食品供应商。该公司报告称，新年伊始，该公司的“开局异常强劲”，原因是其素食香肠卷的推出。该公司受到一些人嘲笑(皮尔斯·摩根嘲笑格里格斯是“霸屏小丑”)，这种宣传促进了其他“标志性香肠卷”和食品的销售。有些人预测今年将迎来素食年。

1 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

2 defrauding   

v.诈取，骗取( defraud的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Second is the actor regards defrauding of the wealth as object. 第二，行为人以骗取钱财为目的。 来自互联网
• Therefore, DELL has the motive and economic purpose of intentionally defrauding the Chinese consumers. 因此，戴尔公司存在故意欺诈中国消费者的动机和经济目的。 来自互联网

3 custody   

n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留

参考例句：

• He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。
• He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

4 accusations   

n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名

参考例句：

• There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。
• He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。

5 shareholders   

n.股东( shareholder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. 90%的股东出席了会议。
• the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders 公司对股东负有的受托责任

6 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

7 evade   

vt.逃避，回避；避开，躲避

参考例句：

• He tried to evade the embarrassing question.他企图回避这令人难堪的问题。
• You are in charge of the job.How could you evade the issue?你是负责人，你怎么能对这个问题不置可否？

8 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

9 plunge   

v.跳入，(使)投入，(使)陷入；猛冲

参考例句：

• Test pool's water temperature before you plunge in.在你跳入之前你应该测试水温。
• That would plunge them in the broil of the two countries.那将会使他们陷入这两国的争斗之中。

10 retailer   

n.零售商(人)

参考例句：

• What are the retailer requirements?零售商会有哪些要求呢？
• The retailer has assembled a team in Shanghai to examine the question.这家零售商在上海组建了一支团队研究这个问题。

11 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

12 emboldened   

v.鼓励，使有胆量( embolden的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Emboldened by the wine, he went over to introduce himself to her. 他借酒壮胆，走上前去向她作自我介绍。
• His success emboldened him to expand his business. 他有了成就因而激发他进一步扩展业务。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》

15 ramped   

土堤斜坡( ramp的过去式和过去分词 )； 斜道； 斜路； （装车或上下飞机的）活动梯

参考例句：

• With the arrival of George Lucas, the pace has ramped up. 随着乔治·卢卡斯的到来，速度大大加快。
• They also sold corporate bonds as the global financial crisis ramped up. 在全球金融危机加剧之际，他们还抛售了公司债券。

16 merger   

n.企业合并，并吞

参考例句：

• Acceptance of the offer is the first step to a merger.对这项提议的赞同是合并的第一步。
• Shareholders will be voting on the merger of the companies.股东们将投票表决公司合并问题。

17 purveyor   

n.承办商，伙食承办商

参考例句：

• Silence, purveyor of gossip, do not spread that report. 快别那样说，新闻记者阁下，别散布那个消息。 来自互联网
• Teaching purpose: To comprehensively understand the role function and consciousness composition of a news purveyor. 教学目的：全面深入的理解新闻传播者的角色功能和意识构成。 来自互联网

18 derided   

v.取笑，嘲笑( deride的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• His views were derided as old-fashioned. 他的观点被当作旧思想受到嘲弄。
• Gazing up to the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity. 我抬头疑视着黑暗，感到自己是一个被虚荣心驱使和拨弄的可怜虫。 来自辞典例句

19 pilloried   

v.使受公众嘲笑( pillory的过去式和过去分词 )；将…示众；给…上颈手枷；处…以枷刑

参考例句：

• He was regularly pilloried by the press for his radical ideas. 他因观点极端而经常受到新闻界的抨击。
• He was pilloried, but she escaped without blemish. 他受到公众的批评，她却名声未损地得以逃脱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

20 publicity   

n.众所周知，闻名；宣传，广告

参考例句：

• The singer star's marriage got a lot of publicity.这位歌星的婚事引起了公众的关注。
• He dismissed the event as just a publicity gimmick.他不理会这件事，只当它是一种宣传手法。