2019年经济学人 政府秘密贷款(2)

 

The G20 countries could use their voting power at the IMF to insist it stores the data.

G20国可以利用它们在IMF的投票权坚持由其保存数据。

Their endorsement¹ will have weight with the private sector², says Sonja Gibbs of the IIF.

IIF的索尼亚·吉布斯表示，他们的支持将对私营部门产生影响。

Although lenders benefit from knowing more about government debts,

尽管贷款人因更了解政府债务而获益，

some are reluctant to share information they consider commercially sensitive.

但一些人不愿分享他们认为具有商业敏感性的信息。

They will need to be pressed to take part. "It will be a name and shame game,"

他们受到压力才会参与。“这将是一场受到公开指责的游戏，”

says Mark Plant of the Centre for Global Development, a think-tank. "That sometimes works, it sometimes doesn't."

智囊团全球发展中心的马克·普朗特说到。“有时候有用，有时候没用。”

How to give the scheme bite? One proposal is that sovereign-loan contracts that are not publicly disclosed within 30 days of signature

如何刺激该项目？一项提议是，在签署后30天内未公开披露的主权贷款合同

should be unenforceable in court. Most international loans are made under New York or English law—

应被裁定无法执行。大多数国际贷款是根据纽约或英国法律发放的—

as Mozambique's dodgy deals were—so tweaking the rules in those two jurisdictions³ would be a good start.

就像莫桑比克狡猾的交易一样—因此，调整这两个司法管辖区的规则将是一个良好的开端。

Case law and legal institutions are so well established that business would be unlikely to move elsewhere,

判例法和法制建立是非常完善的，因此企业不太可能迁往其他地方，

argues Tim Jones of Jubilee⁴ Debt Campaign, the British charity behind the idea.

这一想法背后的英国慈善机构禧年债务运动的蒂姆·琼斯说到。

Some 51 MPs have written to the British chancellor⁵ to support Jubilee's proposal,

约51位议员致信英国财政大臣，支持禧年债务运动的提议，

among them former Labour and Conservative secretaries of state for international development.

其中就有负责国际发展事务的前工党和保守党国务卿。

On June 5th the Labour Party said it would implement⁶ the idea if it wins power.

6月5日，工党表示如果赢得选举将实施该想法。

Legal changes are not yet on the G20's agenda. But rising debts are fuelling a sense of urgency.

法律改革尚未列入G20议程。但不断增加的债务正在加剧一种紧迫感。

The IMF reckons that 44% of low-income countries are in debt distress⁷ or at high risk of it—even without more nasty surprises.

IMF估计，44%的低收入国家正处于债务危机或高风险之中——即使没有更糟糕的意外事件发生。

The average developing country's external-debt payments

发展中国家的平均外债付款

have risen from 6.6% of government revenue in 2010 to 12.2% in 2018, calculates Jubilee.

从2010年政府收入的6.6%增加至2018年12.2%，根据禧年债务运动的计算。

Clandestine⁸ debts could mean the actual picture is even worse.

秘密债务可能意味着实际情况更糟。

1 endorsement   

n.背书；赞成，认可，担保；签(注)，批注

参考例句：

• We are happy to give the product our full endorsement.我们很高兴给予该产品完全的认可。
• His presidential campaign won endorsement from several celebrities.他参加总统竞选得到一些社会名流的支持。

2 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

3 jurisdictions   

司法权( jurisdiction的名词复数 )； 裁判权； 管辖区域； 管辖范围

参考例句：

• Butler entreated him to remember the act abolishing the heritable jurisdictions. 巴特勒提醒他注意废除世袭审判权的国会法令。
• James I personally adjudicated between the two jurisdictions. 詹姆士一世亲自裁定双方纠纷。

4 jubilee   

n.周年纪念；欢乐

参考例句：

• They had a big jubilee to celebrate the victory.他们举行盛大的周年纪念活动以祝贺胜利。
• Every Jubilee,to take the opposite case,has served a function.反过来说，历次君主巡幸，都曾起到某种作用。

5 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

6 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

7 distress   

n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛

参考例句：

• Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。
• Please don't distress yourself.请你不要忧愁了。

8 clandestine   

adj.秘密的，暗中从事的

参考例句：

• She is the director of clandestine operations of the CIA.她是中央情报局秘密行动的负责人。
• The early Christians held clandestine meetings in caves.早期的基督徒在洞穴中秘密聚会。