2021年经济学人 拜登要重新领导世界,中美关系非同小可(3)

Connecting security and economic priorities, the Democrats¹ hope, might also attract the support of Republican hawks² such as Marco Rubio, who have taken the same intellectual path, thereby³ shoring up the centre. This is a worthwhile aim, sharpened by the recent illustration on Capitol Hill of how hard-pressed the rational right is, and what might follow if it fails. It is also fuelled by concerns about the self-defeating politicisation of recent foreign policy— highlighted by the fact that neither of the two previous administrations mustered⁴ much bipartisan support for their signature schemes. This is a guarantee of changeable American leadership, off-putting to allies, and guaranteed to fail.

民主党人希望将安全和经济优先联系起来，这也可能会吸引像卢比奥这样的共和党鹰派人士的支持，毕竟他们采取了同样的智慧路线，从而支撑起中间派。这个目标很有价值，而且最近的国会山事件不光使其价值更加凸显，而且也说明了理性右派的巨大压力以及目标失败的后果。对美国近期外交政策有自拆台脚的政治化倾向的担忧也强调了民主党人的目标的必要性（外交政策的这一政治化倾向体现在前两届美国政府的签名方案总是得不到两党的大力支持上）。这是美国领导层变化无常的保证，让盟国望而却步，而且注定要失败。

Yet though Mr Biden has in essence accepted the Republicans’ thinking on China, it would be remarkable⁶ if many did support him. Foreign-policy realism has been largely replaced on the right by a never-say-die hawkishness⁷, which permits no reasonable compromise, perhaps because it is partly intended to score points against the left. Mr Biden’s Middle East policy, which is likely to hew⁸ to Mr Obama’s commitment to containment⁹ and withdrawal¹⁰, will antagonise Republicans especially. But, keen to accelerate Mr Obama’s aborted¹¹ pivot¹² to Asia, the Democrats will press on. This will probably involve resuscitating¹³ the Iran nuclear containment deal Mr Trump¹⁴ abrogated—triggering a new cycle of partisan⁵ sparring, as mystifying to America’s allies as it is self-defeating.

然而，尽管拜登在本质上接受了共和党人对中国的看法，但如果真的有许多人支持他，那就非常了不起了。外交政策的现实主义在很大程度上已被右派中“永不言败”的鹰派所取代，他们不允许任何合理的妥协，也许是因为其部分意图是要打败左派。拜登的中东政策很可能违背奥巴马遏制和撤军的承诺，尤其会引起共和党人的反感。但是，由于急于加快奥巴马曾经夭折的将重心转向亚洲的计划，民主党将继续推进。民主党在推进过程中可能涉及恢复特朗普废除的伊朗核遏制协议，这会引发新一轮的党派纷争，也会令美国盟友感到迷惑，因为这样的行为自拆台脚。

Such are the ambitions and intellectual currents of the centre-left team Mr Biden has assembled. His utterances¹⁵ suggest he has moved with them. Yet the question, which not even his long record can answer, is whether he is committed to the hard policy slog, with few easy wins, that heeding¹⁶ his advisers¹⁷ on China could entail¹⁸. Especially as events crowd in. Mr Biden starts his presidency¹⁹ with great experience and goodwill²⁰. But, in such testing times, the 78-year-old’s leadership may be another source of uncertainty²¹.

这就是拜登组建的中左翼团队的雄心壮志和思潮。拜登的言论表明自己已经跟着他们走了。然而，即便拜登拥有漫长的从政履历，他还是无法对一个问题做出回答，即他是否会在中国问题上听从顾问们的建议，致力于推进基本无法取得轻松胜利的艰难政策。尤其是在这样的多事之秋。拜登先生以丰富的经验和善意开始了他的总统生涯。但是，在这样的考验时期，这位78岁的领导人可能是另一个不确定因素。

1 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 hawks   

鹰( hawk的名词复数 )； 鹰派人物，主战派人物

参考例句：

• Two hawks were hover ing overhead. 两只鹰在头顶盘旋。
• Both hawks and doves have expanded their conditions for ending the war. 鹰派和鸽派都充分阐明了各自的停战条件。

3 thereby   

adv.因此，从而

参考例句：

• I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。
• He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。

4 mustered   

v.集合，召集，集结（尤指部队）( muster的过去式和过去分词 )；（自他人处）搜集某事物；聚集；激发

参考例句：

• We mustered what support we could for the plan. 我们极尽所能为这项计划寻求支持。
• The troops mustered on the square. 部队已在广场上集合。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 partisan   

adj.党派性的；游击队的；n.游击队员；党徒

参考例句：

• In their anger they forget all the partisan quarrels.愤怒之中，他们忘掉一切党派之争。
• The numerous newly created partisan detachments began working slowly towards that region.许多新建的游击队都开始慢慢地向那里移动。

6 remarkable   

adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的

参考例句：

• She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
• These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

7 hawkishness   

参考例句：

• That hawkishness is part of the reason for the euro's rise. 这种制止通胀的态度是欧元上升的一部分原因。

8 hew   

v.砍；伐；削

参考例句：

• Hew a path through the underbrush.在灌木丛中砍出一条小路。
• Plant a sapling as tall as yourself and hew it off when it is two times high of you.种一棵与自己身高一样的树苗，长到比自己高两倍时砍掉它。

9 containment   

n.阻止，遏制；容量

参考例句：

• Your list might include such things as cost containment,quality,or customer satisfaction.你的清单上应列有诸如成本控制、产品质量、客户满意程度等内容。
• Insularity and self-containment,it is argued,go hand in hand.他们争论说，心胸狭窄和自我封闭是并存的。

10 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

11 aborted   

adj.流产的，失败的v.（使）流产( abort的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）（某事物）中止；（因故障等而）（使）（飞机、宇宙飞船、导弹等）中断飞行；（使）（飞行任务等）中途失败

参考例句：

• The rocket flight had to be aborted because of difficulties with computer. 因电脑出故障，这次火箭飞行只好中辍。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They aborted the space flight finally. 他们最后中止了这次宇航飞行。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 pivot   

v.在枢轴上转动；装枢轴，枢轴；adj.枢轴的

参考例句：

• She is the central pivot of creation and represents the feminine aspect in all things.她是创造的中心枢轴，表现出万物的女性面貌。
• If a spring is present,the hand wheel will pivot on the spring.如果有弹簧，手轮的枢轴会装在弹簧上。

13 resuscitating   

v.使（某人或某物）恢复知觉，苏醒( resuscitate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Purpose To observe the curative effect of resuscitating and scalp acupunctures on apoplectic hemiplegia. 目的观察醒脑开窍法与头针治疗中风偏瘫的疗效。 来自互联网

14 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

15 utterances   

n.发声( utterance的名词复数 )；说话方式；语调；言论

参考例句：

• John Maynard Keynes used somewhat gnomic utterances in his General Theory. 约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯在其《通论》中用了许多精辟言辞。 来自辞典例句
• Elsewhere, particularly in his more public utterances, Hawthorne speaks very differently. 在别的地方，特别是在比较公开的谈话里，霍桑讲的话则完全不同。 来自辞典例句

16 heeding   

v.听某人的劝告，听从( heed的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• This come of heeding people who say one thing and mean another! 有些人嘴里一回事，心里又是一回事，今天这个下场都是听信了这种人的话的结果。 来自辞典例句
• Her dwarfish spouse still smoked his cigar and drank his rum without heeding her. 她那矮老公还在吸他的雪茄，喝他的蔗酒，睬也不睬她。 来自辞典例句

17 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

18 entail   

vt.使承担，使成为必要，需要

参考例句：

• Such a decision would entail a huge political risk.这样的决定势必带来巨大的政治风险。
• This job would entail your learning how to use a computer.这工作将需要你学会怎样用计算机。

19 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

20 goodwill   

n.善意，亲善，信誉，声誉

参考例句：

• His heart is full of goodwill to all men.他心里对所有人都充满着爱心。
• We paid ￡10,000 for the shop,and ￡2000 for its goodwill.我们用一万英镑买下了这家商店，两千英镑买下了它的信誉。

21 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。