2021年经济学人 拜登宣布将在"911"纪念日前撤军阿富汗

The world this week

本周国际要闻

Politics

政治版块

President Joe Biden set September 11th as the day by which American troops will pull out of Afghanistan after 20 years. Without their support, other NATO forces are also expected to withdraw. It is not clear how much help the US will now give the elected Afghan government to hold off the Taliban, a jihadist group that seized power in the 1990s and hopes to do so again.

美国总统拜登决定于9月11日撤离驻守阿富汗长达20年的美军。没有他们的支持，其他北约部队预计也将撤离。目前尚不清楚美国会为当选的阿富汗政府对抗塔利班(Taliban)提供多少帮助。塔利班是一个圣战组织，在上世纪90年代夺取政权，并希望再次掌权。

Russia massed more troops along its border with Ukraine. A similar build-up in 2014 preceded the annexation¹ of Crimea and the invasion of the south-eastern part of the country. Mr Biden called for a summit with Vladimir Putin, his Russian counterpart, to discuss the situation.

俄罗斯在与乌克兰的边境处集结了大批的军队。2014年，在俄罗斯接管克里米亚和入侵该国东南部之前，也有过类似的集结行动。拜登呼吁与俄罗斯总统普京举行峰会，讨论当前局势。

Germany’s ruling Christian² Democrats³ were locked in a bitter row over whether Armin Laschet, the leader of the Christian Democratic Union, or Markus Soder, leader of the Bavaria-based Christian Social Union, should be their joint⁴ candidate in the general election due in September.

德国执政的基督教民主联盟党(Christian Democrats)陷入了一场激烈的争论，争论的焦点在于基督教民主联盟党领导人阿明·拉切特(Armin Laschet)和总部位于巴伐利亚的基督教社会联盟党领导人马库斯·泽德 (Markus Soder)在定于9月举行的大选中是否应该成为该党的联合候选人。

Boris Johnson, Britain’s prime minister, ordered an investigation⁵ into lobbying by David Cameron, one of his predecessors⁷, on behalf of Greensill Capital, a collapsed⁸ financier. Mr Cameron denied breaking any rules, but admitted he should have used formal channels to contact ministers.

英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊(Boris Johnson)下令调查前任首相戴维·卡梅伦代表破产金融家格林希尔资本(Greensill Capital)进行的游说活动。卡梅伦否认违反了任何规定，但承认他应该通过正式渠道与部长们联系。

Protesters in Minneapolis clashed with police over several nights after a black man was killed by a white police officer. The chief of police said he believed that Kim Potter mistakenly drew her gun instead of her Taser before shooting Daunte Wright. Ms Potter was charged with second-degree manslaughter.

在一名黑人男子被一名白人警察杀害后，明尼阿波利斯的抗议者与警察在数个晚上爆发了冲突。警察局长表示，他认为金·波特在射杀达恩特·赖特前误用了手枪而不是泰瑟枪。波特被指控二级过失杀人。

Hundreds of celebrities⁹, bosses and companies signed a statement condemning¹⁰ voting restrictions¹¹. They were responding to the American state of Georgia’s new voting law, which critics say would make it harder for black people to vote. Mr Biden has called the rules “Jim Crow in the 21st century”; his predecessor⁶ Donald Trump¹² wants a boycott¹³ of “woke” firms that speak out against them.

数百个名流、老板和公司签署了一份声明，谴责投票限制措施。他们是在回应美国佐治亚州的新的选举法，批评人士称该法将导致黑人更难行使投票权。拜登称这些法案为“这是21世纪的吉姆·克劳”；而前任总统特朗普希望民众抵制那些公开反对他们“觉醒”的公司或组织。

Guillermo Lasso, a conservative ex-banker, unexpectedly won Ecuador’s presidential election. Mr Lasso, who barely scraped into the initial run-off, has promised to reduce the pay disparity between men and women, to feed chronically¹⁴ undernourished children and to fix Ecuador’s incompetent¹⁵ public-health system.

保守派前银行家吉列尔莫·拉索意外赢得了厄瓜多尔总统选举。拉索勉强入围了第一轮决选，他承诺缩减男女之间的收入差距，喂养长期营养不良的儿童，并修复厄瓜多尔脆弱的公共卫生系统。

Pedro Castillo, a leftist teacher, came out on top in the first round of Peru’s presidential election, but did not win a majority of votes. He will face Keiko Fujimori, the daughter of Alberto Fujimori, a jailed former president, in a run-off in June.

秘鲁左翼教师佩德罗·卡斯蒂略(Pedro Castillo)在第一轮总统选举中领先，但没有赢得多数选票。在6月的决选中，他将与被监禁的前总统阿尔韦托·藤森的女儿藤森庆子一较高下。

Brazil’s Senate took the first step towards a congressional inquiry¹⁶ into President Jair Bolsonaro’s handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has killed more than 350,000 Brazilians. A committee will submit a final report to the federal prosecutor’s office, which will consider any possible criminal acts.

巴西参议院迈出了国会调查总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗应对新冠疫情不力的第一步，这场疫情已导致逾35万巴西人死亡。一个委员会将向联邦检察官办公室提交一份最终报告，该办公室负责审议任何可能的犯罪行为。

1 annexation   

n.吞并，合并

参考例句：

• He mentioned the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910 .他提及1910年日本对朝鲜的吞并。
• I regard the question of annexation as belonging exclusively to the United States and Texas.我认为合并的问题，完全属于德克萨斯和美国之间的事。

2 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

3 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

5 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

6 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

7 predecessors   

n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 )；前辈；（被取代的）原有事物；前身

参考例句：

• The new government set about dismantling their predecessors' legislation. 新政府正着手废除其前任所制定的法律。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Will new plan be any more acceptable than its predecessors? 新计划比原先的计划更能令人满意吗？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 collapsed   

adj.倒塌的

参考例句：

• Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
• The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。

9 celebrities   

n.（尤指娱乐界的）名人( celebrity的名词复数 )；名流；名声；名誉

参考例句：

• He only invited A-list celebrities to his parties. 他只邀请头等名流参加他的聚会。
• a TV chat show full of B-list celebrities 由众多二流人物参加的电视访谈节目

10 condemning   

v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的现在分词 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地

参考例句：

• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。
• I concur with the speaker in condemning what has been done. 我同意发言者对所做的事加以谴责。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

11 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

12 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

13 boycott   

n./v.(联合)抵制，拒绝参与

参考例句：

• We put the production under a boycott.我们联合抵制该商品。
• The boycott lasts a year until the Victoria board permitsreturn.这个抗争持续了一年直到维多利亚教育局妥协为止。

14 chronically   

ad.长期地

参考例句：

• Similarly, any pigment nevus that is chronically irritated should be excised. 同样，凡是经常受慢性刺激的各种色素痣切勿予以切除。
• People chronically exposed to chlorine develop some degree of tolerance. 人长期接触氯气可以产生某种程度的耐受性。

15 incompetent   

adj.无能力的，不能胜任的

参考例句：

• He is utterly incompetent at his job.他完全不能胜任他的工作。
• He is incompetent at working with his hands.他动手能力不行。

16 inquiry   

n.打听，询问，调查，查问

参考例句：

• Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。
• The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。