TED演讲:口译者如何同时玩转两种语言(2)

 　　In the simultaneous mode interpreters instantaneously translate a speaker's words into a microphone while he speaks without pauses. 在同传模式下，译员在不打断演讲者发言的情况下，对着话筒进行实时翻译。

　　Those in the audience can choose the language in which they want to follow. 观众可以选择收听的译入语。

　　On the surface, it all looks seamless, but behind the scenes,  在台上，一切都无比顺畅，但在幕后，

　　human interpreters work incessantly¹ to ensure every idea gets across as intended. 译员们口笔不停确保所有信息翻译到位。

　　And that is no easy task. 而这并非易事。

　　It takes about two years of training for already fluent bilingual professionals to expand their vocabulary 即使是双语运用自如的专业人士，也要花上两年的时间扩展词汇，

　　and master the skills necessary to become a conference interpreter. 掌握必备技巧，方能成为大会口语员。

　　To get used to the unnatural² task of speaking while they listen,  为了习惯这项边听边说的非常任务，

　　students shadow speakers and repeat their every word exactly as heard in the same language. 学生先是跟读，将演讲者的话一字不差的复述出来。

　　In time, they begin to paraphrase³ what is said, making stylistic adjustments as they go. 一段时间之后，开始转述讲话内容，转述时会适当调整文体。

　　At some point, a second language is introduced. 到了一定时候引入第二种语言。

　　Practicing in this way creates new neural⁴ pathways in the interpreter's brain,  如此练习会让译员大脑中形成新的神经通路，

　　and the constant effort of reformulation gradually becomes second nature. 重新组织语言表达渐渐成为第二天性。

　　Over time and through much hard work, the interpreter masters a vast array of tricks to keep up with speed,  经过日复一日的勤学苦练，译员掌握了如何跟上发言人语速，

　　deal with challenging terminology⁵, and handle a multitude of foreign accents. 处理棘手的术语，应对形形色色的口音等一系列技巧。

　　They may resort to acronyms⁶ to shorten long names, choose generic⁷ terms over specific, or refer to slides and other visual aides. 他们可以采用缩写来简化过长的名字，用词宽泛避免太过具体，或者参考幻灯片及其视觉辅助物。

　　They can even leave a term in the original language, while they search for the most accurate equivalent. 他们甚至可以保留原词不做作翻译，直至找到最准确的对应词。

　　Interpreters are also skilled at keeping aplomb⁸ in the face of chaos⁹. 译员也练就了泰山崩于顶而色不改的本领。

1 incessantly   

ad.不停地

参考例句：

• The machines roar incessantly during the hours of daylight. 机器在白天隆隆地响个不停。
• It rained incessantly for the whole two weeks. 雨不间断地下了整整两个星期。

2 unnatural   

adj.不自然的；反常的

参考例句：

• Did her behaviour seem unnatural in any way?她有任何反常表现吗？
• She has an unnatural smile on her face.她脸上挂着做作的微笑。

3 paraphrase   

vt.将…释义，改写；n.释义，意义

参考例句：

• You may read the prose paraphrase of this poem.你可以看一下这首诗的散文释义。
• Paraphrase the following sentences or parts of sentences using your own words.用你自己的话解释下面的句子或句子的一部分。

4 neural   

adj.神经的，神经系统的

参考例句：

• The neural network can preferably solve the non- linear problem.利用神经网络建模可以较好地解决非线性问题。
• The information transmission in neural system depends on neurotransmitters.信息传递的神经途径有赖于神经递质。

5 terminology   

n.术语；专有名词

参考例句：

• He particularly criticized the terminology in the document.他特别批评了文件中使用的术语。
• The article uses rather specialized musical terminology.这篇文章用了相当专业的音乐术语。

6 acronyms   

n.首字母缩略词( acronym的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Scratch the subject of defence and acronyms, abbreviations, and buzzwords fly out. 话题触及国防，缩合字，缩写字和行话就满天飞。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Some acronyms as scientific terminology are used as a lexical item. 一些科学术语缩写用作词汇项目。 来自互联网

7 generic   

adj.一般的，普通的，共有的

参考例句：

• I usually buy generic clothes instead of name brands.我通常买普通的衣服，不买名牌。
• The generic woman appears to have an extraordinary faculty for swallowing the individual.一般妇女在婚后似乎有特别突出的抑制个性的能力。

8 aplomb   

n.沉着，镇静

参考例句：

• Carried off the difficult situation with aplomb.镇静地应付了困难的局面。
• She performs the duties of a princess with great aplomb.她泰然自若地履行王妃的职责。

9 chaos   

n.混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后，城市一片混乱。
• The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。