TED演讲:诺贝尔奖是如何运作的(2)

 　　There's no limit to the number of times a person or organization can be nominated. 个人和组织没有被提名的次数限制。

　　In fact, Jane Addams, recognized as the founder¹ of social work in the United States, 事实上，简·亚当斯作为美国社会服务的奠基人

　　was nominated 91 times before finally being awarded the prize. 在被提名了91次后才终于被授予了该奖项。

　　The absence of a laureate can also be symbolic². 获奖者的缺席也具有象征意义。

　　The 1948 decision not to award the prize following the death of Mahatma Gandhi has been interpreted  在圣雄甘地死后的1948年，和平奖没有颁布，

　　as an attempt to respectfully honor the so-called missing laureate. 这被认为是向所谓空缺获奖人表达敬意。

　　As with the other Nobel Prizes, the Peace Prize can't be awarded posthumously³. 和其它的诺贝尔奖项一样，和平奖不能授予已逝之人。

　　The secret selection process takes almost a year, 保密选举的进程几乎要花一年的时间，

　　and is carried out by the five appointed members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee 由五人组成的挪威诺贝尔委员会来负责评选，

　　who are forbidden from having any official political function in Norway. 他们被禁止在挪威担任任何官方政治工作。

　　Starting with a large pool of nominations⁵, exceeding 300 in recent years, 从一大堆提名开始，近些年来甚至超过300名，

　　they access each candidate's work and create a short list. 他们寻访每个候选人的作为并确立最终候选人名单。

　　Finally, the chairman of the Nobel Committee publicly announces the laureate in October. 最终，诺贝尔委员会的主席将于10月公开宣布获奖者名单。

　　The awards ceremony takes place on December 10th, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. 授奖仪式将在十二月十日举行，也就是阿弗雷德·诺贝尔的逝世纪念日。

　　The prize itself includes a gold medal inscribed⁶ with the Latin words, "Pro⁴ pace et fraternitate gentium," 奖项包括一块刻着拉丁文“ Pro pace et fraternizzate pentium”，也就是“为了和平与人类的兄弟情谊”的金牌，

　　or "For the peace and brotherhood⁷ of men," as well as a diploma and a large cash prize. 还有获奖证书和一大笔奖金。

　　Recently, it's been 8 million Swedish kronor, or roughly a million US dollars, 最近它已经达到800万瑞典克朗之多，约合100万美元，

　　which is split in the case of multiple laureates. 在多个获奖者共获一奖的情况下，这些钱会被平分。

　　And while laureates can use the prize money as they choose, in recent years, 尽管获奖者可以随意支配奖金，但近年来，

　　many have donated it to humanitarian⁸ or social causes. 许多人都将它捐献给了人道主义或社会事业。

　　For many years, the Nobel Peace Prize was predominately awarded to European and North American men. 许多年来，诺贝尔和平奖绝大多数都被颁发给了欧洲人和北美人。

　　But in recent years, significant changes have been taking place, making the prize more global than ever. 但是近年来发生了巨大的改变，让此奖变得不同以往的国际化了。

　　23 organizations and 103 individuals, that's 87 men and 16 women, 23个组织和103位个人（其中包括87位男性、16位女性），

　　have made up the 126 Nobel Peace Prize laureates in history. 构成了史上126名诺贝尔和平奖获奖者。

　　They include Desmond Tutu for his nonviolent campaign against apartheid in South Africa, 他们中包括在南非用非暴力活动抵抗种族歧视的德斯蒙德·图图，

　　Jody Williams for her campaign to ban and clear anti-personnel mines, 进行取缔和清除反人类地雷活动的乔迪·威廉姆斯，

　　Rigoberta Menchu Tum for her work for social justice and reconciliation⁹ based on respect for the rights of indigenous¹⁰ peoples, 在对土著人民权利尊重的前提下致力于社会公正和调和工作的里戈韦塔·门楚·图姆。

　　Martti Ahtisaari for his efforts to resolve international conflicts in Namibia, Kosovo, and Indonesia, 化解纳米比亚、科索沃和印度尼西亚国际冲突的马尔蒂·阿赫蒂萨里，

　　and Aung San Suu Kyi for her nonviolent struggle for democracy and human rights in Myanmar. 还有在缅甸为民主和人权做非暴力斗争的昂山素季。

　　They're just a few examples of the people who have inspired us, challenged us,  他们只是激励我们、鞭策我们的一小部分例子，

　　and demonstrated through their actions that there are many paths to peace. 用行动证明了通往和平的道路有很多很多。

1 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

2 symbolic   

adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的

参考例句：

• It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
• The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。

3 posthumously   

adv.于死后，于身后；于著作者死后出版地

参考例句：

• He was confirmed posthumously as a member of the Chinese Communist Party. 他被追认为中国共产党党员。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Her last book was published posthumously in 1948. 她最后的一本书在她死后于1948 年出版了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 pro   

n.赞成，赞成的意见，赞成者

参考例句：

• The two debating teams argued the question pro and con.辩论的两组从赞成与反对两方面辩这一问题。
• Are you pro or con nuclear disarmament?你是赞成还是反对核裁军？

5 nominations   

n.提名，任命( nomination的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Nominations are invited for the post of party chairman. 为党主席职位征集候选人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Much coverage surrounded his abortive bids for the 1960,1964, and 1968 Republican Presidential nominations. 许多消息报道都围绕着1960年、1964年和1968年他为争取提名为共和党总统候选人所做努力的失败。 来自辞典例句

6 inscribed   

v.写，刻( inscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；内接

参考例句：

• His name was inscribed on the trophy. 他的名字刻在奖杯上。
• The names of the dead were inscribed on the wall. 死者的名字被刻在墙上。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 brotherhood   

n.兄弟般的关系，手中情谊

参考例句：

• They broke up the brotherhood.他们断绝了兄弟关系。
• They live and work together in complete equality and brotherhood.他们完全平等和兄弟般地在一起生活和工作。

8 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

9 reconciliation   

n.和解，和谐，一致

参考例句：

• He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.他忙于做夫妻间的调解工作。
• Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.他们的握手似乎是和解的表示。

10 indigenous   

adj.土产的，土生土长的，本地的

参考例句：

• Each country has its own indigenous cultural tradition.每个国家都有自己本土的文化传统。
• Indians were the indigenous inhabitants of America.印第安人是美洲的土著居民。