美国国家公共电台 NPR 特朗普访北约总部 督促盟友增加国防开支

 

Our first stop today is in Brussels. It's the capital of Belgium. It's also where you'd find the headquarters of NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It's an alliance of 28 countries, mostly from Europe, plus Canada and the U.S. It was formed in 1949 as a way to counterbalance the military might of the Soviet¹ Union.

The alliance is based on collective defense², an attack on one NATO member is considered an attack on all of them, and that was invoked³ once in 2001 after the September 11th terrorist attacks on the U.S. Troops from other NATO members served in the resulting war in Afghanistan.

But there's a sore spot between the U.S. and NATO. Alliance members agree to spent spend 2 percent of their gross domestic product on their militaries. It's a guideline they're not penalized⁴ if they don't.

But America has consistently met that target while most other NATO countries haven't. President Donald Trump⁵ brought this up yesterday on his visit to Brussels.

DONALD TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: Twenty-three of the 28 member nations are still not paying what they should be paying and what they are supposed to be paying for their defense.

AZUZ: NATO's website says the organization as a whole does over-rely on the U.S. for providing some of NATO's essential military capabilities⁶ and President Trump's comments likely troubled some NATO leaders partly because he's questioned NATO's effectiveness in the past, and partly because he didn't promise yesterday that the U.S. would stick to its NATO commitments.

SUBTITLE⁷: Explaining the controversy⁸ around NATO funding.

NICOLE GAOUETTE, CNN NATIONAL SECURITY REPORTER: It's been a problem for decades, I would say 20, 30 years.

ELISE LABOTT, CNN GLOBAL AFFAIRS CORRESPONDENT: Many U.S. presidents have talked about NATO members meeting to take on more of the burden.

JOHN KIRBY, CNN DIPLOMATIC AND MILITARY ANALYST⁹: President Trump wouldn't be the first president that has tried to do this. President Obama made the case, as did President Bush before him.

GAOUETTE: There was a breakthrough in 2014 at a summit in Wales. But there are other factors. In 2014, we saw the rise of ISIS and we also saw Russia and Vladimir Putin moving into Ukraine and annexing¹⁰ Crimea. And those things really, really scared people in Europe. It was a huge incentive¹¹ to spend more so that they can defend themselves.

KIRBY: It's a struggle because many European countries are having their own domestic economic woes¹² that are limiting their ability to spend on defense.

LABOTT: President Trump has really made this a cornerstone of his campaign certainly and now of his foreign policy, and has even threatening to withdraw from the alliance if the U.S. — if other countries don't pay more.

GAOUETTE: I think he has put the fear to some countries, with a lot of his rhetoric¹³ during the campaign. He was very equivocal about whether the U.S. needs NATO. And I think that unsettled people.

KIRBY: His bellicose¹⁴ nature has certainly reignited the flame, but that flame was already burning.

LABOTT: NATO members are willing to pay more and they are coming up with plans to lay out an outline for how they're going to pay more. The U.S. wants them to commit to a 10-year plan. A lot of countries aren't ready to do that.

KIRBY: It's going to be a constant balancing act for them and quite frankly¹⁵ for the Trump administration going forward.

1 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

2 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

3 invoked   

v.援引( invoke的过去式和过去分词 )；行使（权利等）；祈求救助；恳求

参考例句：

• It is unlikely that libel laws will be invoked. 不大可能诉诸诽谤法。
• She had invoked the law in her own defence. 她援引法律为自己辩护。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 penalized   

对…予以惩罚( penalize的过去式和过去分词 )； 使处于不利地位

参考例句：

• You will be penalized for poor spelling. 你拼写不好将会受到处罚。
• Team members will be penalized for lateness. 队员迟到要受处罚。

5 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

6 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

7 subtitle   

n.副题（书本中的），说明对白的字幕

参考例句：

• His new book has a subtitle.他的新书有一个副标题。
• Ah!I don't know why they don't subtitle these movies.唉！我不知道这些电影为什么不打字幕。

8 controversy   

n.争论，辩论，争吵

参考例句：

• That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
• We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。

9 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

10 annexing   

并吞( annex的现在分词 )； 兼并； 强占； 并吞（国家、地区等）

参考例句：

• In addition to annexing territory, they exacted huge indemnities. 割地之外，又索去了巨大的赔款。
• He succeeded in annexing all the property of Hindley's and the Linton's. 他成功的占有了亨得利和林顿的所有财产。

11 incentive   

n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机

参考例句：

• Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中，钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
• He hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。

12 woes   

困境( woe的名词复数 )； 悲伤； 我好苦哇； 某人就要倒霉

参考例句：

• Thanks for listening to my woes. 谢谢您听我诉说不幸的遭遇。
• She has cried the blues about its financial woes. 对于经济的困难她叫苦不迭。

13 rhetoric   

n.修辞学，浮夸之言语

参考例句：

• Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗？
• Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后，他和军队的关系岌岌可危。

14 bellicose   

adj.好战的；好争吵的

参考例句：

• He expressed alarm about the government's increasingly bellicose statements.他对政府越来越具挑衅性的声明表示担忧。
• Some irresponsible politicians made a bellicose remarks.一些不负责任的政客说出一些好战的话语。

15 frankly   

adv.坦白地，直率地；坦率地说

参考例句：

• To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说，我一点也不赞成这个主意。
• Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说，我不反对改革。