英语听力文摘 English Digest 90、爱吃甜食

　　I love to eat sweets--candy, cookies, caramel apples--- everything. But I don't like  getting cavities. Is there a way to eat lots of sugar without ruining your teeth?
D: Interesting question. First, let's assume that you're not going to cut out sweets   entirely¹. So what are your options? If you're going to eat candy, for example, it's best   to eat a bunch all at once instead of eating a few pieces at a time throughout the day.
Y: That's because every time you eat sugar, or any carbohydrate² like potato chips or  crackers³ or whatever, there's a thirty- to sixty-minute period where bacteria in your  mouth feed on the carbs and produce acid. The acid is what eats away at your teeth.  So if you're snacking on candy several times a day instead of just once, your teeth   are exposed to more cavity-causing acid.
D: It's also smart to eat candy around or just after mealtimes, because during meals you  have an increased flow of saliva⁴ that helps wash out your mouth and creates a kind  of buffer⁵ between your teeth and the bacterial⁶ acid.
Y: Your best bet, of course, is to lay off the candy. But of course that's easier said than done.
caramel:焦糖
cavity:蛀牙
carbohydrate:碳水化合物,糖类
saliva:唾液
buffer:起缓冲作用的（物或人）

1 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

2 carbohydrate   

n.碳水化合物；糖类；(plural)淀粉质或糖类

参考例句：

• You should not have too much carbohydrate in your diet.你日常饮食中不该有过多碳水化合物。
• Cashew nuts are rich in carbohydrate.腰果含丰富碳水化合物。

3 crackers   

adj.精神错乱的，癫狂的n.爆竹( cracker的名词复数 )；薄脆饼干；（认为）十分愉快的事；迷人的姑娘

参考例句：

• That noise is driving me crackers. 那噪声闹得我简直要疯了。
• We served some crackers and cheese as an appetiser. 我们上了些饼干和奶酪作为开胃品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 saliva   

n.唾液，口水

参考例句：

• He wiped a dribble of saliva from his chin.他擦掉了下巴上的几滴口水。
• Saliva dribbled from the baby's mouth.唾液从婴儿的嘴里流了出来。

5 buffer   

n.起缓冲作用的人(或物)，缓冲器；vt.缓冲

参考例句：

• A little money can be a useful buffer in time of need.在急需时，很少一点钱就能解燃眉之急。
• Romantic love will buffer you against life's hardships.浪漫的爱会减轻生活的艰辛。

6 bacterial   

a.细菌的

参考例句：

• Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间，细菌繁殖加快了。
• Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。