英语听力文摘 English Digest 188、中年狼 Middle Aged Wolves

　　Middle Aged¹ Wolves
狼是群居性极高的物种。一群狼的数量大约在6到12只之间，在冬天寒冷的时候最多可到五十只以上，通常以家庭为单位的家庭狼由一对优势对偶领导，而以兄弟姐妹为一群的则以最强一头狼为领导。狼群有领域性，且通常也都是其活动范围，群内个体数量若增加，领域范围会缩小。幼狼成长后，会留在群内照顾弟妹，也可能继承群内优势地位，有的则会迁移出去（大多为雄狼）而还有一些情况下会出现迁徙狼，以百来头为一群，有来自不同家庭等级的各类狼，各个小团体原狼首领会成为头狼，头狼中最出众的则会成为狼王。狼的奔跑速度极快，可达五十五公里左右，持久性也很好。它们有能力以速度10公里/小时(六英里)长时间奔跑 , 并能以高达近65公里/小时速度( 45英里) 追猎冲刺。 如果是长跑，它的速度会超过猎豹。
狼在三岁的时候捕食能力最强。随着它年龄的增长它的这种能力亦会下降。

　　Picture an elk² walking through the forest, looking for some berries to nibble³.
Then, suddenly, a pack of wolves leaps from the bushes, surrounding the startled animal.  The wolves close in. The elk looks for an escape
route, but the predators⁴ tighten⁵ the circle.
The elk is a goner, right?
Maybe. But it depends partly on the age of the wolves.
According to one study, wolves’ hunting skills peak around age three, and then their hunting prowess starts to decline. By the time wolves
reach old age, around the age of six, they’re no longer the same hunters they were as youngsters.Why?
Because unlike lions, tigers, and other large predators, the average wolf doesn’t have the bulk or attributes to take down large prey⁶ with a
single blow.
Wolves rely more on athleticism⁷ and endurance to bag elk. And like most athletes, wolves’ physical abilities decline with age. Once their
skills erode⁸, wolves aren’t much good as hunters.
So older wolves are good for elk. The study found that the older the average wolf population in an area, the more elk there are still around.
When the wolf population skews younger, more elk bite the dust.

1 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

2 elk   

n.麋鹿

参考例句：

• I was close enough to the elk to hear its labored breathing.我离那头麋鹿非常近，能听见它吃力的呼吸声。
• The refuge contains the largest wintering population of elk in the world.这座庇护所有着世界上数量最大的冬季麋鹿群。

3 nibble   

n.轻咬，啃；v.一点点地咬，慢慢啃，吹毛求疵

参考例句：

• Inflation began to nibble away at their savings.通货膨胀开始蚕食他们的存款。
• The birds cling to the wall and nibble at the brickwork.鸟儿们紧贴在墙上，啄着砖缝。

4 predators   

n.食肉动物( predator的名词复数 )；奴役他人者（尤指在财务或性关系方面）

参考例句：

• birds and their earthbound predators 鸟和地面上捕食它们的动物
• The eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement. 捕食性动物的眼睛能感觉到最细小的动静。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 tighten   

v.(使)变紧；(使)绷紧

参考例句：

• Turn the screw to the right to tighten it.向右转动螺钉把它拧紧。
• Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation.一些国家实行紧缩银根的货币政策，以避免通货膨胀。

6 prey   

n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨

参考例句：

• Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
• The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。

7 athleticism   

n.运动竞赛，崇尚运动，竞技热

参考例句：

• He brings defense. He brings talent. He brings athleticism. That's a lot. “他带来的防御，他带来了人才，他带来了身体，这是很多”。 来自互联网
• Each of these sports isn't won through sheer athleticism alone. 每个体育项目无法凭借纯粹的运动能力而获胜。 来自互联网

8 erode   

v.侵蚀，腐蚀，使...减少、减弱或消失

参考例句：

• Once exposed,soil is quickly eroded by wind and rain.一旦暴露在外，土壤很快就会被风雨侵蚀。
• Competition in the financial marketplace has eroded profits.金融市场的竞争降低了利润。