英语听力文摘 English Digest 647 水泡是什么？

 　　What Are Blisters²?

　　Remember that hit song from the 80’s that featured the chorus: “And I would walk five hundred miles / and I would walk five hundred more / Just to be the man who walks a thousand miles / to fall down at your door”? What sounds romantic in pop song fantasy would be painful in reality.

　　Walk Not So More

　　Anyone who walks a thousand miles would indeed fall down, thanks to the large blisters that would most likely form on the heels and soles of weary feet.

　　Whether from playing too much basketball or jogging in ill-fitting sneakers, we’ve all had blisters. But what are blisters, and how do they form?

　　All About Blisters

　　Blisters come in all shapes and sizes, and some are more serious than others. The typical, jogging-related blister¹ is a round patch of elevated skin containing a clear fluid. Blistering³ occurs when an upper layer of skin rubs against the underlying⁴ layer.

　　As a space opens between the skin layers, chemicals cause the blood vessels⁵ in the area to leak and allow a clear fluid to seep⁶ out and fill the space between layers of skin. This fluid is a sort of clear plasma⁷, or blood without the red blood cells.

　　Blisters usually occur in the uppermost layers of skin, and are normally harmless. Because the blood vessels are only made more porous⁸ but not actually damaged, red blood cells do not fill the blister. But if a blister does fill with red blood, it means the damage is more serious, and should be carefully treated.

　　什么是水泡？

　　还记得80年代那首红极一时歌曲吗？它的合声部分极有特色：我愿步行500里/我愿再行500里/成为行完千里路程，倒在你门前的男人（只为见你一面）。流行歌曲里诠释的歌词传达给我们的感觉非常浪漫美好，但实际情况则是痛苦不堪。

　　不要走这么远的路

　　因为经过一千里的跋涉，疲惫的脚底和脚跟都极有可能会长出大水泡，所以任何人都会跌倒。

　　打篮球的时间太长或是穿着不合脚的运动鞋慢跑都会产生水泡。但什么是水泡？它们是怎样形成的呢？

　　关于水泡

　　水泡形状大小不一，有些水泡的症状比其它水泡要严重。由于慢跑引起的典型水泡呈圆形，一小块皮肤会凸起并且里面含有透明液体。当表皮与皮下层相互摩擦时，就会产生水泡。

　　当皮层之间形成隔离空间以后，化学物质造成此区域血管渗透，从而会有透明液体渗出，填充在皮层之间的部位。这种液体是一种透明的血浆，或者可以说是没有红细胞的血液。

　　水泡通常出现在皮肤表层，对人体无害。血管仅多了一些空隙而已，并没有实际遭到破坏，红细胞也不会出现在水泡里面。如果水泡里面出现红色血液，这意味着血管损伤比较严重，需慎重进行处理。

1 blister   

n.水疱；(油漆等的)气泡；v.(使)起泡

参考例句：

• I got a huge blister on my foot and I couldn't run any farther.我脚上长了一个大水泡，没办法继续跑。
• I have a blister on my heel because my shoe is too tight.鞋子太紧了，我脚后跟起了个泡。

2 blisters   

n.水疱( blister的名词复数 )；水肿；气泡

参考例句：

• My new shoes have made blisters on my heels. 我的新鞋把我的脚跟磨起泡了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• His new shoes raised blisters on his feet. 他的新鞋把他的脚磨起了水疱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 blistering   

adj.酷热的；猛烈的；使起疱的；可恶的v.起水疱；起气泡；使受暴晒n.[涂料] 起泡

参考例句：

• The runners set off at a blistering pace. 赛跑运动员如脱缰野马般起跑了。
• This failure is known as preferential wetting and is responsible for blistering. 这种故障称为优先吸湿，是产生气泡的原因。 来自辞典例句

4 underlying   

adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的

参考例句：

• The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
• This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。

5 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

6 seep   

v.渗出，渗漏；n.渗漏，小泉，水（油）坑

参考例句：

• My anger began to seep away.我的怒火开始消下去了。
• If meteoric water does not evaporate or run overland,it may seep directly into the ground.如果雨水不从陆地蒸发和流走的话，就可能直接渗入地下。

7 plasma   

n.血浆，细胞质，乳清

参考例句：

• Keep some blood plasma back for the serious cases.留一些血浆给重病号。
• The plasma is the liquid portion of blood that is free of cells .血浆是血液的液体部分，不包含各种细胞。

8 porous   

adj.可渗透的，多孔的

参考例句：

• He added sand to the soil to make it more porous.他往土里掺沙子以提高渗水性能。
• The shell has to be slightly porous to enable oxygen to pass in.外壳不得不有些细小的孔以便能使氧气通过。