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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
12 Being Rich and Poor
affordable2 – able to be paid for; not too expensive; not so expensive that onecan’t pay for something* Do you know where I can buy affordable business clothes?
budget – a plan for how one will spend one’s money; a plan for what one shouldbuy, and how much it should cost* Sampson’s monthly budget includes $760 for rent, $250 for food, $130 fortransportation, and $100 for entertainment.
commute3 – the daily drive to and from work* Elia usually listens to the radio during her long commute from Baltimore toWashington, DC.
income gap – the difference in the amount of money made by two people or bytwo groups of people* There is a big income gap between people who finish only high school andpeople who have graduate degrees.
poverty – poorness; the state of many people not having enough money* Poverty in Detroit became a big problem when the major car factories closed.
affluence4 – richness; wealth; the state of many people having a lot of money,often more money than they need* Owning very large houses and having servants are signs of affluence.
to poor-mouth – to say you are poor when you is not; to say bad things aboutsomething; to complain about something* Damian thinks it’s a good idea to poor-mouth in front of his relatives because hedoesn’t want to lend them money.
to afford – to be able to pay for something; to have enough money to pay forsomething* If I save $200 each month, by the end of the year, I’ll be able to afford thatvacation to Hawaii.
basic necessities – the things that one really needs, like housing, food, andwarm clothing; not luxuries* Our mayor said in his speech that everyone should have enough money for thebasic necessities so that they don’t have to go hungry.
hypocrite – a person who says one thing but does something else; a personwhose actions are different from his or her words* Quincy is such a hypocrite! He tells his patients that it’s important exerciseeveryday, but he doesn’t exercise at all.
food stamps – small pieces of paper that are given to poor people by thegovernment so that they can buy food without money* Food stamps can be used to buy food, but not cigarettes or alcohol.
to put things into perspective – to help one understand what is truly important,and what isn’t* Living in Sub-Saharan Africa for four months helped Bernice put things intoperspective as she began to understand how many opportunities she has in herlife.
inequity – something that is unequal; something that isn’t fair* In many companies, there is an inequity in how much money men and womenget paid for doing the same job.
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS1. Why does Santiago say that he feels like a hypocrite?
a) Because he can’t buy the new car that he wanted.
b) Because he complains about being poor when he really isn’t.
c) Because he sees poverty in L.A. and affluence everywhere.
2. According to Lynn, what are “the great inequities” in the world?
a) That she doesn’t have enough money for a vacation.
b) That she can afford the basic necessities.
c) That some people are much poorer than others.
______________WHAT ELSE DOES IT MEAN?
budgetThe word “budget,” in this podcast, means a plan for how one will spend one’s money: “Jasmine’s budget doesn’t include any money for eating at restaurants,because she always cooks at home.” As a verb, “to budget” means to make aplan for spending one’s money: “Terrence needs to learn to budget his money,because he never has anything left at the end of the month.” The phrase “to goover budget” means to spend more money than one had planned: “Theconstruction project went over budget because the wood was more expensivethan they thought it would be.” The phrase “to go under budget” means to spendless money than one had planned: “The president was very pleased when theteam reported that its project was under budget.”
gapIn this podcast, the phrase “income gap” means the difference in the amount ofmoney made by two people or by two groups of people: “Why is there such alarge income gap between engineers in the U.S. and those in Asian countries?” Normally the word “gap” means a space between two things, or something that is missing: “Cynthia has a big gap between her two front teeth.” Or, “I learned frommy driving teacher that good drivers always leave a gap between themselves and other cars.” A “gap” can also be a period of time when something stops:
“Kelly has a two-year gap in her work experience because she was travelingaround Europe.” Or, “There was an uncomfortable gap in the conversation whennobody knew what to say.”
CULTURE NOTEThe United States has many “social welfare programs,” or governmentalprograms that are designed to help poor people have a better quality of life. Twoof these programs are “the U.S. Food Stamp Program” and “SupplementalSecurity Income.”
The U.S. Food Stamp Program is “administered” (managed) by the U.S.
Department of Agriculture. It is designed to help poor people buy food. In thepast, poor people were given paper “food stamps” that they could give to thegrocery store instead of money when buying food. Now, small cards similar tocredit cards are more common. More than half of the people who participate in the food stamp program arechildren, and 9% are more than 60 years old. Most people believe that the foodstamp program is good for helping5 people in emergencies, but they worry that theprogram creates “dependencies,” meaning that the families think they need thefood stamp over a long period of time, and aren’t able to stop using the foodstamps.
Another social welfare program is “Supplemental Security Income” (SSI), whichis a program that pays “aged” (65 years or older), “blind” (not able to see), and“disabled” (injured and not able to do normal activities) people a monthly “stipend6” (an amount of money). The stipend is supposed to help them “covertheir expenses,” or pay for the things they need. To receive SSI payments, aperson must show that his or her “income” (the amount of money that he or sheearns) is below a certain “limit” (maximum). These people also have to be “legalresidents,” or people who can show that they live in the U.S. legally.
______________Comprehension Questions Correct Answers: 1 – b; 2 – c
COMPLETE TRANSCRIPTWelcome to English as a Second Language Podcast number 297: Being Richand Poor.
This is English as a Second Language Podcast episode 297. I'm your host, Dr.
Jeff McQuillan, coming to you from the Center for Educational Development inbeautiful Los Angeles, California.
Remember to visit our website at eslpod.com and download a Learning Guide forthis episode. You can also take a look at our ESL Podcast Store, which has some additional premium8 courses that you may be interested in.
This episode is a dialogue between Lynn and Santiago about being rich andbeing poor in the United States. Let's get started.
[start of story]
Lynn: I’ve been trying to help Monica find an apartment, but it’s impossible tofind anything affordable on this side of town and near her work. The only thingthat’s within her budget would require a 50-minute commute each way!
Santiago: I know. It’s become really ridiculous. I’m reading an article about howthe income gap between the rich and the poor in this country is getting wider andwider. Poverty is the worst it’s ever been in cities like L.A., while you seeaffluence everywhere. Lynn: I know I poor-mouth sometimes, but at least I can afford the basic necessities. Santiago: Yeah, I do the same thing. I feel like such a hypocrite sometimes. The other day, I was feeling sorry for myself because I couldn’t afford the fancy new car I wanted. My old car isn’t that old! I’ve only had it for five years and itstill works, most of the time. I forget about people who don’t have a car and areliving on food stamps. Lynn: Me, too. Looking for an apartment with Monica has really put things intoperspective for me. The next time I complain about not having enough money fora pair of new shoes or to take a vacation, remind me of the great inequities ofthis world, will you?
Santiago: Sure, only if you’ll do the same for me when I try to tell you that I really need that flat-screen TV.
[end of story]
Our dialogue begins with Lynn saying that she's been trying to help a friend ofhers, Monica, find an apartment. “But it’s impossible to find anything affordableon this side of town,” she says. “Affordable” (affordable) means not tooexpensive: something that you have enough money for, something that you canpay for. The opposite would be “unaffordable.” You can talk about a car, ahouse, even health insurance as being “affordable” or “unaffordable.”
The apartment that Monica is trying to find is on a “side of town,” meaning asection (or area) of the city that is very expensive. This is definitely true in LosAngeles. If you go to the western part of the city, toward the ocean, it becomes very expensive and it is difficult to find things that are affordable.
Lynn says, “The only thing that’s within her budget would require a 50-minutecommute each way!” A “budget” (budget) is a plan about how you're going tospend your money; it's a plan about what you are going to buy and how muchyou are going to spend. So, a “family budget” would include how much moneyyou can pay for rent each month, how much for food, and so forth7. We usually use the preposition “within” to talk about something that you can afford(something that you have enough money for). So here, Lynn is saying that it is difficult to find an apartment within Monica's budget (meaning that she can afford) that would not require a 50-minutecommute. A “commute” (commute) is the daily trip that you take, usually in yourcar, from your house to your work and then back to your house. At least in LosAngeles, you would probably be in a car. Many people have very longcommutes; some people drive an hour or two hours each way from their house totheir work.
Santiago says that he knows it is expensive in this part of the city. He says, “It’s become really ridiculous.” “Ridiculous” here means extreme, something way beyond the acceptable or the normal. Santiago says he's “reading an articleabout the income gap between the rich and poor in this country.” A “gap” (gap) is a difference between two things. It could be a physical gap between, forexample, two tables that are next to each other – there's a little space in between– we'd call that a “gap.” An “income gap” is the difference between how muchpeople make, that's their income. It's the difference between people who have alot of money (high income), and people who don't have a lot of money (low income). So, it's the difference between what two people or two groups of peoplemake (how much money they get each year).
Santiago says, “the income gap...is getting wider and wider.” We talk about agap getting “wider” or “narrower,” meaning it's going father and farther apart orcoming closer and closer together. Santiago says that “Poverty is the worst it’s ever been in cities like L.A.” “Poverty” means being poor, when you have a lot ofpeople who don't have a lot of money. He says that “you see affluence everywhere.” “Affluence” (affluence) is theopposite of “poverty,” it's richness, it's wealth, where you have a lot of peoplewith a lot of money. What Santiago is saying here is that in Los Angeles – and inmost big cities in the United States, but especially here – you see very poorpeople and you see very rich people, and they live in the same city. Usually indifferent parts of the city, but it is a very noticeable difference, when you come toLos Angeles, to see that income gap.
Lynn says, “I know I poor-mouth sometimes, but at least I can afford the basic necessities.” To “poor-mouth” means to say that you are poor when you're not,to say bad things or to complain about how poor you are even though you aren'tthat poor. To “afford” something is to be able to pay for it. We earlier talkedabout the word “affordable,” well, the verb is to “afford.” The “basic necessities”
would describe the things that you really need: food, clothing, having a place tolive, these are “basic necessities.” The opposite of “basic necessities” would be“luxuries” (luxuries), things like an iPhone, for example. Although, some peoplethink that's a necessity!
Santiago says, “I do the same thing (I also poor-mouth). I feel like such ahypocrite sometimes.” To be a “hypocrite” (hypocrite) means that you say onething but you do something completely different. So, you tell people “Don't eattoo much fat, it's bad for you,” and then you go and have a big McDonald's hamburger. You're being something of a “hypocrite.”
Santiago says, “The other day (meaning recently), I was feeling sorry for myselfbecause I couldn’t afford the fancy (or very luxurious) new car I wanted. My oldcar isn’t that old (meaning it isn't very old)! I’ve only had it,” he says, “for fiveyears and it still works, most of the time. I forget about people who don’t have acar and are living on food stamps.” “Food stamps” is money that governmentgives people in the U.S. who are poor and need to buy food. They don't givethem money like dollar bills; they give them something that looks like a coupon,and they can only use it to buy food. They can't buy cigarettes or alcohol; they have to buy only food, that's called “food stamps.” It's not a stamp like the stamp you use to mail a letter. The word here really means something closer to acoupon or, perhaps, a voucher9, which is a piece of paper that is worth so muchmoney (a certain amount of money).
Lynn says that in looking for an apartment with Monica, that the experience has really put things into perspective for her. To “put things into perspective” means to help you understand what is truly important and what isn't important. If you getsick and you go to the hospital, you begin to put things in your life intoperspective. You understand what's important and what isn't important,especially when you don't have something or lose something.
Lynn says to Santiago remind me the next time “I complain about not havingenough money...of the great inequities of this world.” “Inequity” (inequity) means things that are not equal. Something that isn't fair is an “inequity.” It's not acommon word in conversation. The opposite of “inequity” would be “equity,” andthat would be equal – things that are the same or equal.
Now let's listen to the dialogue, this time at a normal speed.
[start of story]
Lynn: I’ve been trying to help Monica find an apartment, but it’s impossible tofind anything affordable on this side of town and near her work. The only thingthat’s within her budget will require a 50-minute commute each way!
Santiago: I know. It’s become really ridiculous. I’m reading an article about howthe income gap between the rich and the poor in this country is getting wider andwider. Poverty is the worst it’s ever been in cities like L.A., while you seeaffluence everywhere. Lynn: I know I poor-mouth sometimes, but at least I can afford the basic necessities. Santiago: Yeah, I do the same thing. I feel like such a hypocrite sometimes. The other day, I was feeling sorry for myself because I couldn’t afford the fancy new car I wanted. My old car isn’t that old! I’ve only had it for five years and itstill works, most of the time. I forget about people who don’t have a car and areliving on food stamps. Lynn: Me, too. Looking for an apartment with Monica has really put things intoperspective for me. The next time I complain about not having enough money for a pair of new shoes or to take a vacation, remind me of the great inequities ofthis world, will you? Santiago: Sure, only if you’ll do the same for me when I try to tell you that I really need that flat-screen TV.
[end of story]
The script for this podcast was written by Dr. Lucy Tse. From Los Angeles, California, I'm Jeff McQuillan. Thanks for listening. We'll seeyou next time on ESL Podcast.
English as a Second Language Podcast is written and produced by Dr. Lucy Tse,hosted by Dr. Jeff McQuillan. This podcast is copyright 2007.
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1
glossary
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| n.注释词表；术语汇编 | |
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2
affordable
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| adj.支付得起的，不太昂贵的 | |
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3
commute
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| vi.乘车上下班；vt.减(刑)；折合；n.上下班交通 | |
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affluence
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| n.充裕，富足 | |
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5
helping
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| n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的 | |
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stipend
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| n.薪贴；奖学金；养老金 | |
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7
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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8
premium
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| n.加付款；赠品；adj.高级的；售价高的 | |
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voucher
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| n.收据；传票；凭单，凭证 | |
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