炸薯条与乳腺癌之间有联系?

Katie Couric: You might wanna think twice before you take your kids for a fast food meal today. A new study reports there may be a link between French fries and breast cancer. Dr. Karin Michels is the study's lead author. She's an associate professor at Harvard Medical School and a clinical epidemiologist at the Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston. Good morning. Dr. Karin Michels: Good morning, Katie. Katie Couric: Is it Michels or Michelles? Dr. Karin Michels: Michels is just(lip-reading) fine. Thank you. Katie Couric: Ok, good. I am glad I've pronounced it correctly. So tell me a little bit about this study and the link you found between French fries and breast cancer. Dr. Karin Michels: Yes. We found indeed that diet in pre-school age may indeed be associated with breast cancer risk later in life. We found that one additional serving of French fries per week during pre-school age was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer later in life. Katie Couric: And, and before we talk about specifically why French fries seem to be such a problem here, how many, how many people did you study and didn't you study mothers and children, or talked to them? Dr. Karin Michels: Yes, we interviewed mothers of participants of the Nurse's Health Studies in Boston. So we obtained information from the mothers as to what their children ate during pre-school age, that is when they were 3 to 5 years old. We studied about 2,200 women. As we asked the mothers to give us detailed1 information about the preferences of their daughters during pre-school age. And some of these women had developed breast cancer already. So we linked the dietary information that we got from the mothers to their daughters' breast cancer incidence later in life. Katie Couric: And so what is it about the French fries that make them such a suspicious culprit of all these? Dr. Karin Michels: That of course is something we would like to find out. French fries are very high in saturated2 and trans-fatty acids, and that could potentially be the reason that we see this as association. Katie Couric: And what about other foods, other potatoes, for example, I understand, that mashed3 potatoes, including, which include butter, didn't have a link to breast cancer in any way? Dr. Karin Michels: That is correct. We asked for a whole number of foods to be reported by the mothers, and French fries was the only food that stood out to be associated with breast cancer risk. So we've also asked about mashed potatoes, or sweet potatoes; we also asked about ice-cream consumption, hot dog consumption, hamburgers, but none of these potentially also unhealthy foods stood out here to be associated with breast cancer risk. It was really only the French fries. Katie Couric: Were some of the people you spoke4 to overweight? Did that have an impact on the breast cancer incidence, in other words, does that you... make you more at risk if you are overweight or even obese5? Dr. Karin Michels: Well, it depends whether you're a young woman or older woman with respect to the obesity6. But in our analysis, we controlled for all of these factors, so they should not have any influence on the results. Katie Couric: Dr. Larry Norton, who's Deputy-Physician-in-Chief for the breast cancer program at Memorial Sloan Catering7 Cancer Center here in New York, warned against over-interpreting, the results of the study. He said: I wouldn't go out and change Americans' dietary habits on the basis of this, but it's certainly worth pursuing with additional research." So what are the implications here and how would you advise parents when it comes to their youngsters' diets? Dr. Karin Michels: Yes. I think uh..we have to be very cautious and not over-interpreting the result from this one study. Of course we would like to see our findings confirmed in other studies. The reason why we looked at this early life phase is because there is increasing evidence that breast cancer may originate early in life. The breast of a young woman is much more susceptible8 to environmental and potentially carcinogenic influences than the breast of an adult woman. In terms of how we translate our findings for the public, there is plenty of evidence to be concerned about our youth's diet. Katie Couric: Right. Dr. Karin Michels: And, we are facing an epidemic9 of childhood obesity. There's also evidence that other chronic10 diseases, such as heart disease, and diabetes11 originate in childhood. So we really are concerned that our children adopt healthier diet and it is obviously a call on the parents to watch over their children's diet. We know that atherosclerotic plaques12 can always be found in the coronary arteries13 of children. So it is really preeminent14 to ensure that we're not, have a young generation grow up to have high incidence (Right.) of chronic diseases as a result of old bad diet. Katie Couric: Clearly. We have to start kid eating in a healthy way very early because as, as you mentioned in your new study found a 27% increase in risk of breast cancer if you have an extra serving of French fries, when you are a girl between the ages of 3 and 5. Dr. Karin Michels, thanks so much for you ,for coming in this morning. We've appreciated it. Dr. Karin Michels: My pleasure. Thank you.

1 detailed   

adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的

参考例句：

• He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
• A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。

2 saturated   

a.饱和的，充满的

参考例句：

• The continuous rain had saturated the soil. 连绵不断的雨把土地淋了个透。
• a saturated solution of sodium chloride 氯化钠饱和溶液

3 mashed   

a.捣烂的

参考例句：

• two scoops of mashed potato 两勺土豆泥
• Just one scoop of mashed potato for me, please. 请给我盛一勺土豆泥。

4 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

5 obese   

adj.过度肥胖的，肥大的

参考例句：

• The old man is really obese,it can't be healthy.那位老人确实过于肥胖了，不能算是健康。
• Being obese and lazy is dangerous to health.又胖又懒危害健康。

6 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

7 catering   

n. 给养

参考例句：

• Most of our work now involves catering for weddings. 我们现在的工作多半是承办婚宴。
• Who did the catering for your son's wedding? 你儿子的婚宴是由谁承办的？

8 susceptible   

adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的

参考例句：

• Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
• We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。

9 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

10 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

11 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

12 plaques   

（纪念性的）匾牌( plaque的名词复数 )； 纪念匾； 牙斑； 空斑

参考例句：

• Primary plaques were detectable in 16 to 20 hours. 在16到20小时内可查出原发溶斑。
• The gondoliers wore green and white livery and silver plaques on their chests. 船夫们穿着白绿两色的制服，胸前别着银质徽章。

13 arteries   

n.动脉( artery的名词复数 )；干线，要道

参考例句：

• Even grafting new blood vessels in place of the diseased coronary arteries has been tried. 甚至移植新血管代替不健康的冠状动脉的方法都已经试过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This is the place where the three main arteries of West London traffic met. 这就是伦敦西部三条主要交通干线的交汇处。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 preeminent   

adj.卓越的，杰出的

参考例句：

• Washington was recognized as the preeminent spokesman of American Negroes by 1895. 到1895年,华盛顿被公认为美国黑人的卓越代言人。
• He is preeminent because his articles are well written. 他的文章写得很漂亮,卓尔不群。