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全国公共英语等级考试五级 e1

时间:2006-01-03 16:00来源:互联网 提供网友:86920335   字体: [ ]
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  [00:00.00]Exercise 5
[00:03.40]Part A
[00:07.71]You will hear Dr.Wilson,a Professor of linguistics1,
[00:13.56]talk about formal and informal language.
[00:18.49]As you listen,answer Questions 1--10.by circling True or False.
[00:26.75]You will hear the lecture ONLY ONCE.
[00:31.19]You now have 60 seconds to read Questions 1--10.
[00:38.03]Today I want to talk about levels of language usage2.
[00:44.38]You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways,
[00:52.14]depending on the situation they are in.
[00:56.69]This is very natural
[01:00.63]All languages have two general,broad categories,or levels of usage:
[01:08.49]a formal level and an informal level.
[01:13.25]English is no exception3.
[01:17.01]I'm not talking about correct or incorrect English.
[01:22.86]What I'm talking about are two levels of correct English.
[01:29.60]The difference in these two levels is the situation
[01:35.56]in which you use a particular level.
[01:40.21]Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks,
[01:46.76]reference books such as encyclopedias,and in business letters.
[01:54.02]For example,a letter to a university would be in formal style.
[02:01.08]You would also use formal English in compositions and essays
[02:08.21]that write in school.
[02:12.44]People usually use formal English
[02:17.20]when they give classroom lectures or speeches
[02:22.55]and at ceremonies such as graduations.
[02:27.51]We also tend to use
[02:31.46]formal language in conversations with people we don't know well
[02:37.20]or with people we have a formal relationship with,such as
[02:43.66]professors,bosses,doctors,friends of our parents',strangers,etc.
[02:51.81]Informal language is used in conversation with colleagues,
[02:58.16]family and friends,and when we write personal notes or letters
[03:04.50]to close friends,as well as in diaries,etc.
[03:10.46]Formal language is different from informal language in several ways.
[03:17.41]However,today I'm going to talk only about a couple of ways.
[03:23.47]First of all,formal language tends to be more polite.
[03:29.50]Interestingly,it usually takes more words to be polite.
[03:35.67]For example,I might say to a friend or family member,
[03:42.22]"Close the door,please," but to a stranger or someone in authority4
[03:50.06]I probably would say "Would you mind closing the door?"or
[03:57.04]"Excuse me,could you please close the door?
[04:02.78]Using words like "could" and "would"
[04:08.14]makes my request sound more polite,but also more formal.
[04:15.48]I want to be polite but not too formal with my friends and family.
[04:21.83]Another difference between formal and informal language
[04:27.78]is some of the vocabulary.
[04:31.83]There are some words and phrases that belong in formal language
[04:38.39]and others that are informal.
[04:42.93]Let me give you a couple of examples of what I mean.
[04:47.87]Let's say "I'm just crazy about soccer!"
[04:53.12]But if I were talking to my supervisor5 or a friend of my parents
[04:59.39]I would probably say "I really enjoy soccer" or
[05:05.92]"I like soccer very much."
[05:10.26]Let's say I'm telling someone some news I heard about the police
[05:17.31]arresting a criminal.
[05:20.86]To my parents' friend I might say "The police arrested the thief."
[05:28.31]Although the line between formal and informal language
[05:34.86]is not always clear
[05:38.52]and although people are probably less formal today than in the past,
[05:44.97]it is useful to be aware
[05:49.02]that these two levels,or categories,do exist.
[05:54.98]The best way for a nonnative speaker of English to learn the difference
[06:02.42]is to observe the different ways
[06:07.07]English speakers speak or write in different situations.
[06:12.92]Television newscasters,your college professors in class,
[06:19.77]your doctors in their offices,etc.
[06:25.12]will usually speak rather formally.
[06:30.37]However,your classmates,teammates,family members,friends,etc.
[06:38.52]will generally speak in an informal fashion.
[06:44.17]The difference can be learned6 over time by observing
[06:50.51]and interacting8 with native speakers.
[06:55.76]You now have 20 seconds to check your answers to Questions 1--10.
[07:04.70]Question 1-10 according to Part A.
[07:06.74]1.All languages have two general levels of usage:
[07:08.75]a correct level and an incorrect level.
[07:10.79]2.People usually use formal language when they first meet someone.
[07:12.85]3.We tend to speak formally with colleagues.
[07:14.89]4.Formal language is used in all kinds of writings.
[07:16.95]5.Formal language and informal language are different in a couple of ways
[07:18.99]6.People usually use more words to sound more polite.
[07:21.03]7.The sentence "Bob is crazy about that music"
[07:23.09]is acceptable9 in conversation between patients and doctors.
[07:25.13]8.The word "cop10" is informal for "police officer"
[07:27.19]9.People were probably more formal in the past than today.
[07:29.23]10.The best way to learn the differencebetween formal
[07:31.29]and informal English is to pay attention to how native speakers
[07:33.33]use language in different situations and to interact7 with them.
[07:35.47]That is the end of Part A.
[07:39.52]Part B
[07:42.26]You will hear several conversations or talks
[07:48.04]and you must answer the questions by choosing A,B,C or D.
[07:56.29]You will hear the recording11 ONLY ONCE.
[08:01.44]Questions 11--13 are based on the following story
[08:09.80]about the ancient city of Pompeii.
[08:14.84]You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11--13.
[08:21.60]Today many people who live in large metropolitan12 areas
[08:27.74]such as Paris and New York leave the city in the summer.
[08:33.38]They go to the mountains or to the seashore to escape the city noise and heat
[08:40.23]Over 2,000.years ago,many rich Romans did the same thing.
[08:47.88]They left the city of Rome in the summer.
[08:52.53]Many of these wealthy Romans spent their summers in the city of Pompeii.
[08:59.19]Pompeii was a beautiful city;
[09:03.84]it was located on the ocean,on the Bay of Naples.
[09:08.99]In the year 79 A.D. a young Roman boy,named Pliny the Younger
[09:17.14]was visiting his uncle in Pompeii
[09:21.50]One day Pliny was looking up at the sky.
[09:27.25]He saw frightening sight. It was a very large dark cloud.
[09:33.70]This black cloud rose high into the sky.
[09:39.45]What Pliny saw was the eruption13--
[09:44.59]the explosion--of the volcano14,Vesuvius.
[09:49.84]The city of Pompeii was at the foot of Mt.Vesuvius.
[09:55.88]When the volcano first erupted,
[10:00.95]many people were able to flee the city and to the scape death.
[10:06.59]In fact,18,000 people escaped the terrible disaster.
[10:12.94]Unfortunately,there was not enough time for everyone to escape.
[10:19.70]More than 2,000 people died.
[10:24.14]These unlucky people were buried alive under the volcanicash.
[10:30.20]The eruption lasted for about three days.
[10:35.35]When the eruption was over,
[10:39.61]Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of volcanic15 rock and ash.
[10:45.77]The city of Pompeii was buried and forgotten for 1,700 years.
[10:53.71]In the year 1748 an Italian farmer was digging on his farm.
[11:01.66]As he was digging,
[11:05.18]he uncovered16 a part of a wall of the ancient city of Pompeii.
[11:10.72]Soon archaeologists began to dig in the area.
[11:16.28]As time went by,much of the ancient city of Pompeii was uncovered.
[11:23.02]Today tourists come from all over the world
[11:27.99]to see the ruins of the famous city of Pompeii.
[11:32.53]You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 11--13.


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 linguistics f0Gxm     
n.语言学
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • Linguistics is a scientific study of the property of language.语言学是指对语言的性质所作的系统研究。
2 usage 2jawU     
n.惯用法,使用,用法
参考例句:
  • I am clear about the usage of this word at last.这个词的用法我算是弄明白了。
  • The usage is now firmly established.这种用法现已得到确认。
3 exception SntxO     
n.例外,除外
参考例句:
  • Everyone should keep discipline and you are no exception. 每个人都应该遵守纪律,你也毫无例外。
  • There's an exception to every rule. 每项规则均有例外。
4 authority 9u5zp     
n.当局,官方;权力,权威,威信;当权者
参考例句:
  • He is recognized internationally as an authority in this field.国际上承认他是这方面的一个权威。
  • Professor White is looked upon as an authority on mathematics.怀特教授被看成数学权威。
5 supervisor RrZwv     
n.监督人,管理人,检查员,督学,主管,导师
参考例句:
  • Between you and me I think that new supervisor is a twit.我们私下说,我认为新来的主管人是一个傻瓜。
  • He said I was too flighty to be a good supervisor.他说我太轻浮不能成为一名好的管理员。
6 learned m1oxn     
adj.有学问的,博学的;learn的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
  • In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里,他被视为有学问的人。
7 interact w5Ix9     
vi.相互作用,相互影响,互通信息
参考例句:
  • All things are interrelated and interact on each other.一切事物互相联系并相互作用。
  • The policeman advised the criminal to interact with the police.警察劝罪犯与警方合作。
8 interacting Jq3zFP     
adj.相互影响的;相互作用的
参考例句:
  • The interacting surfaces were lubricated with a mineral oil. 相互作用表面是用矿物油润滑的。
  • Proteins which have two separate but interacting sites are called allosteric proteins. 这种具有两个不同而又相互作用位置的蛋白质叫做变构蛋白质。
9 acceptable NIByZ     
adj.可接受的,合意的,受欢迎的
参考例句:
  • The terms of the contract are acceptable to us.我们认为这个合同的条件可以接受。
  • Air pollution in the city had reached four times the acceptable levels.这座城市的空气污染程度曾高达可接受标准的四倍。
10 cop Jvlzkp     
n.警察;vt.抓住
参考例句:
  • The cop told him to button his lip.警察叫他闭嘴。
  • The robber was overpowered by the cop.抢劫犯被警察制伏。
11 recording UktzJj     
n.录音,记录
参考例句:
  • How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间?
  • I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。
12 metropolitan mCyxZ     
adj.大城市的,大都会的
参考例句:
  • Metropolitan buildings become taller than ever.大城市的建筑变得比以前更高。
  • Metropolitan residents are used to fast rhythm.大都市的居民习惯于快节奏。
13 eruption UomxV     
n.火山爆发;(战争等)爆发;(疾病等)发作
参考例句:
  • The temple was destroyed in the violent eruption of 1470 BC.庙宇在公元前1470年猛烈的火山爆发中摧毁了。
  • The eruption of a volcano is spontaneous.火山的爆发是自发的。
14 volcano MLxzR     
n.火山
参考例句:
  • The volcano unexpectedly blew up early in the morning.火山一早突然爆发了。
  • It is most risky to go and examine an active volcano.去探察活火山是非常危险的。
15 volcanic BLgzQ     
adj.火山的;象火山的;由火山引起的
参考例句:
  • There have been several volcanic eruptions this year.今年火山爆发了好几次。
  • Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。
16 uncovered 5fszak     
adj.无盖的,未保险的v.揭开…的盖子( uncover的过去式和过去分词 );揭露,发现
参考例句:
  • His head was uncovered. 他光着头。
  • A plot to assassinate the banker has been uncovered by the police. 暗杀银行家的密谋被警方侦破了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
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