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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Grammar Girl here. Today's topic is interviewing.
Some of the best advice I got when starting out as a writer was avoid the temptation to show the person you're interviewing how smart you are. For example, I used to write magazine articles about science, so I was interviewing researchers who I really respected and thought were doing fascinating work. I have a Master's degree in science, so it was hard to resist the temptation to show this amazing scientist that I knew my stuff, and it was also hard to avoid lapsing2 into jargon when we were talking about a field I knew well.
But if you fall into either of those traps, you're not going to get the quotes you need for your article. You need the person you are interviewing to explain what they know, in their own words; if you start showing off, you're going to put words in their mouth. Even worse, they'll realize you know stuff, and they won't tell you the important parts, leaving you to write about it without quotes.
A related quick and dirty tip is to avoid asking questions that will put the person on the defensive4. "Did you mutilate the cute snail5 after using it for your own purposes?" is not going to get you the same answer as "What happens to the snails6 after the experiments are finished?"
Avoid Leading Questions
Similarly, you don't want to ask leading questions. A leading question leads the person to the answer you want. For example, "Isn't that police inspector7 the nicest, cutest woman you've ever met?" is a leading question. After a question like that, your interviewee isn't likely to say, "No, the police inspector is a horrid8 wench," which would actually be a fun quote to get.
Sound Dumb
What this ends up meaning, is that through most of the interview, you often end up sounding like a dull, rather dense9, but perhaps inquisitive10 lump of coal, interjecting statements such as "Can you tell me more about the police inspector?" or "What are the implications of your snail research?"
Be Smart
Of course, this does not mean you shouldn't do background research or have interview questions prepared. You need to know where your story is going so you can probe in the right direction. You need to know the person's background and as much as you can about the topic of the interview. Although your job is to mainly get your interviewees talking and then listen, you need to know when they say something of questionable11 accuracy, or just misspeak, or if they are getting off track. There might be something interesting that they have forgotten to mention, such as an opposing theory. For example, "OK, Dr. Jones, but what about the people who think that your data is merely the result of tainted12 water?" It's also helpful to understand the process behind their industry. For example, you might need to ask, "Well, Dr. Lopez, how can you get your drug to market by fall of 2008 when the typical trial takes four years?"
Follow Up
And finally, I'm going to share with you my secret weapons for interviewing and getting story ideas. My last interview question is always, "Is there anything I haven't asked you that you think is important or worth talking about?" I always asked that question no matter how much preparation I did for an interview, and about a third of the time it got me something I hadn't anticipated.
If you end up chatting with the interviewee a bit after the interview, another great way to follow up, especially if you're a freelance writer and have to come up with story ideas, is to ask the person what else is going on in their field that they think would make a good article and who other good people would be to interview . This can often lead you to other interesting stories you didn't know about.
Preventive Journalism13 Prize
And now that you're all ready to be great interviewers, you can write great stories and contend for a new journalism award I just heard about. It's huge! A non-profit called Understanding Government is offering a $50,000 prize for what they call preventive journalism. The goal is to encourage writers and editors to inform the public about serious problems before they become crises – so they would give the award for reporting on something like the problems with the New Orleans levies14 before the city flooded. You can find more information about the award at understandinggov.org. The link is in the middle column of their page right now – understandinggov.org.
Featurewell
I heard about this prize from a site I've used to sell second rights to articles that some of you also might find useful. When you sell a freelance article to a magazine, you often sell first rights, which means that you are able to resell the article after some set amount of time during which you give the first magazine exclusivity. When you resell the article to a second magazine, it's called selling the second rights. I found that I could increase my freelance income about 10% reselling my articles. But marketing15 second rights can be a pain, so I used a site called Featurewell.com, which specializes in marketing second rights. They don't take all comers; you have to submit your article and then they decide if it is good enough to warrant inclusion in their system. Again, that's Featurewell.com.
Book Winners
Everyone who subscribes17 to our free e-mail newsletter is entered into the book giveaway, and this week Charlene, Anne, and Ronald win a copy of my audiobook, Grammar Girl's Quick and Dirty Tips to Clean Up Your Writing, which is available everywhere fine books are sold.
New Web Features
We have two great new features at QuickAndDirtyTips.com this week. We added RSS feeds for both the transcripts19 and the comments. This means if you go to the link that says “subscribe16” at the top of any transcript18, you'll get instruction on how to receive new transcripts in your RSS reader for any of our shows. There is one feed for each show, so for example, there is a Grammar Girl feed and a Money Girl feed.
You subscribe to comments by using the “subscribe to comments” link on any page. If you do that, you'll get the new comments for just that one transcript. It's a convenient way to keep up with comments, so if you've posted a comment you can see when people respond, or if you just find a comment thread interesting, you can follow along.
All those great features are at quickanddirtytips.com, where you can also find a transcript of this podcast, my contact information, photos from the Grammar Girl Flickr group, and all the other great Quick and Dirty Tips podcasts. This week Legal Lad is jumping into the Apple iPhone fray20 and talking about whether it is legal for a merchant to decline to take cash payment.
That's all. Thanks for listening.
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1
jargon
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| n.术语，行话 | |
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2
lapsing
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| v.退步( lapse的现在分词 )；陷入；倒退；丧失 | |
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3
biased
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| a.有偏见的 | |
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defensive
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| adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的 | |
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snail
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| n.蜗牛 | |
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snails
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| n.蜗牛；迟钝的人；蜗牛( snail的名词复数 ) | |
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inspector
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| n.检查员，监察员，视察员 | |
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8
horrid
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| adj.可怕的；令人惊恐的；恐怖的；极讨厌的 | |
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dense
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| a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的 | |
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inquisitive
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| adj.求知欲强的，好奇的，好寻根究底的 | |
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questionable
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| adj.可疑的，有问题的 | |
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12
tainted
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| adj.腐坏的；污染的；沾污的；感染的v.使变质( taint的过去式和过去分词 )；使污染；败坏；被污染，腐坏，败坏 | |
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journalism
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| n.新闻工作，报业 | |
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14
levies
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| （部队）征兵( levy的名词复数 )； 募捐； 被征募的军队 | |
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15
marketing
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| n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西 | |
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subscribe
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| vi.(to)订阅，订购；同意；vt.捐助，赞助 | |
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subscribes
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| v.捐助( subscribe的第三人称单数 )；签署，题词；订阅；同意 | |
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transcript
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| n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书 | |
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transcripts
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| n.抄本（ transcript的名词复数 ）；转写本；文字本；副本 | |
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20
fray
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| v.争吵；打斗；磨损，磨破；n.吵架；打斗 | |
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