经济学人238:自食其药 制药巨头被迫解决行贿指控

　　Business
商业报道
Taking its medicine
自食其药
A drug giant coughs up to settle bribery¹ charges
制药巨头被迫解决行贿指控
IN AMERICA, it was once common for drug firms to offer doctors perks² to encourage them to prescribe their pills.
在美国，制药公司用提成来鼓励医生给病人使用他们的药品曾是司空见惯的事情。
Regulators now frown on such iffy sales techniques, and drug firms have more or less stopped using them.
如今，监管者对于这种可疑的销售手段感到不满，因而制药公司不得不或多或少地停止使用这些销售伎俩。
But in emerging markets, it is a different story,
但是在新兴市场中，它却是另一番景象。
1111111111111_副本.jpgas a settlement on August 7th between America's Department of Justice and Pfizer, a big American drug firm, made clear.
在8月7号，美国司法部门和美国的一家大型制药公司辉瑞之间的事件更清晰地解释了这种现象。
In China Pfizer established a club that provided high-prescribing doctors with all kinds of entertainment under the guise³ of attending conferences.
在中国，辉瑞公司建立了一个俱乐部，借助参加会议之名以各种形式款待那些开药量大的医生。
In Kazakhstan Pfizer awarded an exclusive distribution deal to a local firm after it was told there was no other way to secure government approval for a Pfizer product.
在哈萨克斯坦，辉瑞公司在得知没有其他方式来确保政府同意使用它的产品之后，它把独家销售权授予给了当地的一家公司以便出售其药品。
Unfortunately for Pfizer, such acts violated the Foreign Corrupt⁴ Practices Act, an American law that criminalises bribery abroad.
然而不幸的是，辉瑞的这些行为违反了《反国外行贿法规》，这是美国的一个判定在国外行贿的法律。
Doctors in many of the countries in question are state employees, making the gifts bribes⁵ to government officials.
在上述所谈及的很多国家中，医生属于政府机关工作人员，而辉瑞公司正在向这些政府官员进行送礼行贿。
This week Pfizer agreed to pay a fine to settle corruption⁶ charges and to disgorge related illegally earned profits to the Securities and Exchange Commission.
这周，辉瑞公司同意通过交付罚款来解决腐败指控并且向证券交易委员会交出相关的违法赚得的利润。
The settlement, which will cost it $60m or so, covers similar offences committed by Wyeth, another drug firm, before it was acquired by Pfizer in 2009.
为了解决此事件，辉瑞公司将会花费约六千万美元，这其中包括惠氏公司贿赂行为的罚款。惠氏公司于2009年被辉瑞公司收购，此前它曾涉嫌海外贿赂。
Johnson & Johnson, another big drugmaker, paid $70m last year to settle civil and criminal bribery charges.
另一个制药大亨强生公司，在去年花费七千万美元来解决民事和刑事上的行贿指控。
On August 6th Teva, an Israeli firm that is the world's largest generic⁷ drugmaker, said it was co-operating with SEC investigators⁸.
在8月6日，以色列这家世界上最大的仿制制药商梯瓦制药公司说它正在配合美国证交会的调查者工作。
Indeed, eight of the world's ten biggest drug firms have warned of potential costs related to charges of corruption in markets abroad, according to Reuters.
事实上，据路透社称，世界上十大制药公司中的八家都忧虑地称有可能会因国外市场中的腐败指控而花掉大笔的钱。
So Pfizer's behaviour seems to have been normal for the industry, not an aberration⁹.
因此在这个产业中，辉瑞公司的行为似乎是正常的，并非一个例外。
Citing the settlement, regulators will crow that the FCPA is being enforced more vigorously than at any time since it became law in 1977.
监管者借助这次的案例来告知制药商们一个信息，那就是自《反国外贿赂法规》1977年成为法律以来，
They will also hope that it is evidence that their new carrot-and-stick approach is starting to work.
相较于以往的任何时候，它在当今被赋予了更大的惩罚力度。
Most successful prosecutions¹⁰ in the past have been the result of whistle-blowing or a lucky break;
他们同样寄希望于这个软硬兼施的方法能成为行之有效的证据。
regulators have long suspected that many companies have publicly supported the law while privately¹¹ turning a blind eye to dodgy activities abroad, doubtless assuming that they would never be caught.
在过去，大多数成功的起诉都被认为是告密或者巧合的结果，因而监管者一直怀疑很多公司表面上在遵纪守法而背地里却在国外做一些狡猾的买卖，多半在自认为不会露出马脚。
The new approach is designed to encourage companies to police themselves, by punishing them only lightly when they turn themselves in.
这个新方法旨在鼓励公司进行自我监督，而只有他们坦白自首时才会从轻发落。
The relatively¹² small fine imposed on Pfizer was the Justice Department's way of showing that firms that co-operate will be treated leniently¹³, says Ben Heineman of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government.
哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院的Ben Heineman称，辉瑞公司相对较小的罚款金额表明了司法部门会酌情处理那些与它们配合的公司。
Pfizer has gone out of its way to placate¹⁴ prosecutors¹⁵:
辉瑞公司已经一改以往的行事方式来配合检察官们:
it has been co-operating on the case since 2004, helping¹⁶ to identify illegal practices throughout its industry.
从2004年开始，它一直配合调查此案，帮助检察官们证明其在行业中的违法行为。
It also oversaw¹⁷ the process that uncovered the misbehaviour at Wyeth.
它还监督了揭露惠氏药厂不正当行为的审理过程。
The regulators have accepted Pfizer's claim that the offences were committed by local staff acting¹⁸ without the knowledge of head office in America.
监管者已经接受了辉瑞公司的说法，即声称本土员工的犯罪行为是在美国总部公司不知情的情况下进行的。
This follows April's decision by the SEC to charge a senior executive at Morgan Stanley, a bank, with corrupt activity in Shanghai,
在它之前是四月份美国证监会指控摩根史坦利投资公司，这家银行的一名高级主管在上海进行腐败活动的行为，
but not to impose legal penalties on the bank, which tipped off regulators about its rogue¹⁹ employee.
但美国证监会决定不对这家银行进行法律制裁，因为这家银行向监管者上报了其违纪人员的情况。
A few more examples of such regulatory forbearance and perhaps business will get the message.
此类监管宽容的例子还有很多，相信这些案例会给商业界一些启示。

1 bribery   

n.贿络行为，行贿，受贿

参考例句：

• FBI found out that the senator committed bribery.美国联邦调查局查明这个参议员有受贿行为。
• He was charged with bribery.他被指控受贿。

2 perks   

额外津贴，附带福利，外快( perk的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Perks offered by the firm include a car and free health insurance. 公司给予的额外待遇包括一辆汽车和免费健康保险。
• Are there any perks that go with your job? 你的工作有什么津贴吗？

3 guise   

n.外表，伪装的姿态

参考例句：

• They got into the school in the guise of inspectors.他们假装成视察员进了学校。
• The thief came into the house under the guise of a repairman.那小偷扮成个修理匠进了屋子。

4 corrupt   

v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的

参考例句：

• The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
• This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

5 bribes   

n.贿赂( bribe的名词复数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂v.贿赂( bribe的第三人称单数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• corrupt officials accepting bribes 接受贿赂的贪官污吏

6 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

7 generic   

adj.一般的，普通的，共有的

参考例句：

• I usually buy generic clothes instead of name brands.我通常买普通的衣服，不买名牌。
• The generic woman appears to have an extraordinary faculty for swallowing the individual.一般妇女在婚后似乎有特别突出的抑制个性的能力。

8 investigators   

n.调查者，审查者( investigator的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• This memo could be the smoking gun that investigators have been looking for. 这份备忘录可能是调查人员一直在寻找的证据。
• The team consisted of six investigators and two secretaries. 这个团队由六个调查人员和两个秘书组成。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 aberration   

n.离开正路，脱离常规，色差

参考例句：

• The removal of the chromatic aberration is then of primary importance.这时消除色差具有头等重要性。
• Owing to a strange mental aberration he forgot his own name.由于一种莫名的精神错乱，他把自己的名字忘了。

10 prosecutions   

起诉( prosecution的名词复数 )； 原告； 实施； 从事

参考例句：

• It is the duty of the Attorney-General to institute prosecutions. 检察总长负责提起公诉。
• Since World War II, the government has been active in its antitrust prosecutions. 第二次世界大战以来，政府积极地进行着反对托拉斯的检举活动。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件

11 privately   

adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地

参考例句：

• Some ministers admit privately that unemployment could continue to rise.一些部长私下承认失业率可能继续升高。
• The man privately admits that his motive is profits.那人私下承认他的动机是为了牟利。

12 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

13 leniently   

温和地，仁慈地

参考例句：

• He marked the paper leniently. 他改考卷打分数很松。
• Considering the signs he showed of genuine repentance,we shall deal leniently with him. 鉴于他有真诚悔改的表现，我们将对他宽大处理。

14 placate   

v.抚慰，平息(愤怒)

参考例句：

• He never attempts to placate his enemy.他从不企图与敌人和解。
• Even a written apology failed to placate the indignant hostess.甚至一纸书面道歉都没能安抚这个怒气冲冲的女主人。

15 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

16 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

17 oversaw   

v.监督，监视( oversee的过去式 )

参考例句：

• He will go down as the president who oversaw two historic transitions. 他将作为见证了巴西两次历史性转变的总统，安然引退。 来自互联网
• Dixon oversaw the project as creative director of Design Research Studio. 狄克逊监督项目的创意总监设计研究工作室。 来自互联网

18 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

19 rogue   

n.流氓；v.游手好闲

参考例句：

• The little rogue had his grandpa's glasses on.这淘气鬼带上了他祖父的眼镜。
• They defined him as a rogue.他们确定他为骗子。