英语 英语 日语 日语 韩语 韩语 法语 法语 德语 德语 西班牙语 西班牙语 意大利语 意大利语 阿拉伯语 阿拉伯语 葡萄牙语 葡萄牙语 越南语 越南语 俄语 俄语 芬兰语 芬兰语 泰语 泰语 泰语 丹麦语 泰语 对外汉语

经济学人:德国政府 简单政治糟糕政策

时间:2015-08-31 08:48来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
特别声明:本栏目内容均从网络收集或者网友提供,供仅参考试用,我们无法保证内容完整和正确。如果资料损害了您的权益,请与站长联系,我们将及时删除并致以歉意。
    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

   Germany's government

  德国政府
  Easy politics, bad policies
  简单的政治,糟糕的政策
  By indulging her Social Democratic coalition1 partners, Angela Merkel risks turning Germany in the wrong direction
  安格拉默克尔对其社会民主党盟友的纵容,使德国正在一个错误的方向中上演“步步惊心”
  ANGELA MERKEL, Germany's chancellor2, is popular because Germans see her as a steady hand. In her first term, between 2005 and 2009, she coped with financial turmoil3 emanating4 from America. In her second, from 2009 to 2013, she kept the euro crisis at bay. In her third term, now in its fifth month, she is Europe's leader in confronting Russia over Ukraine.
  德国总理安格拉默克尔以其强硬果敢的政治手段而深得民心。在她的第一任期2005-2009年间,积极应对美国金融危机带来的影响。在其第二任期2009-2013年间,她竭力使德国避开欧元危机。其第三任期,如今已是第五个月了,她是欧洲就乌克兰问题与俄罗斯对峙的领导者。
  德国政府.jpg
  At home, however, she is less sure. She could be ambitious. As in her first term, she is in a “grand coalition” of the two biggest groups in parliament: her own Christian5 Democratic Union (CDU) with its Bavarian sister party on the centre-right, and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) on the centre-left. The opposition6 has just one-fifth of the seats, and consists of two parties with little credibility. The smaller is the Greens, still squabbling after their defeat in September's election. The larger is the ex-communist Left Party. Its parliamentary leader, Gregor Gysi, is easily the Bundestag's most entertaining and witty7 speaker, but that is largely because he is unburdened by any responsibility.
  然而在国内,她还并不确定,她能如此雄心勃勃。在她的第一个任期内,她是议会中两大组织——她自身所在的基督教民主联盟(CDU)和其巴伐利亚姐妹党(注)代表的中右派以及社会民主党(SPD)代表的中左派,结成的“大联盟”中的一员。反对党只有五分之一的席位,并且还因缺乏信任分成两个组织。规模较小的是绿党,自从在九月的选举中失利后就一直争论不休。较大的组织是前共产主义左翼党。左翼党在议会的领导人葛雷格吉西,是国联邦议院中最幽默机智的发言人,但是这些很大程度上是由于其不用肩负任何责任。
  During her previous grand coalition Mrs Merkel made one big domestic reform. In Europe's fastest-ageing country, she raised the retirement8 age from 65 to 67. Sadly, there is less method in the seeming madness of the present coalition's opening salvo of policies—what Germans are calling Ref?rmchen, or “reformlets”. One of these again affects pensions, but in the opposite direction, lowering the retirement age for certain workers to 63, and perhaps even to 61 if years in unemployment are counted. Economists9 and employers are screaming foul10. So are 50 of the 311 parliamentarians from Mrs Merkel's own centre-right camp, who fear the economy will suffer.
  在她早期的联盟党生涯中,默克尔发起过一次国内改革。在欧洲老龄化速度最快的国家,她将退休年龄从65提升至67。不幸的是,如今大联盟的政策改革序幕看似疯狂,但是改革方式却更少了——这种德国人称作Ref?rmchen或是“迷你改革”。其中一项又再次牵涉到养老金,但反过来说,若是失业年数在统计在内,可将某些工人的退休年龄降低至63,甚至可能至61。经济学家和雇主们对此打呼不公。由此,默克尔中右翼阵营的311位国会议员中有50位担忧他们的经济会受到冲击。
  Another Ref?rmchen is to introduce a national minimum wage for the first time, of 8.50 ($11.72). This will affect about 14% of workers nationwide and 20% in the less productive former East Germany, according to a study by three economists at universities in Magdeburg, Berlin and Dresden. When Britain introduced a minimum wage in 1999, it affected11 only 5% of workers. Germany's wage floor would barely increase incomes of poor workers, because they would lose welfare top-ups, the study says. But it could mean that as many as 900,000 lose their jobs. And it could stop young people (over 18 but under 21) getting good training and permanent jobs at all.
  另一项迷你改革就是第一次导入8.50 ($11.72)的全国性的最低工资。根据一项来自马格德堡,柏林和德累斯顿大学的三位经济学家的调查发现,这将影响到全国范围内14%左右的工人和生产力较低的前东德的20%。当英国于1999年发布了最低工资,这一举措仅影响了5%的工人。德国的最低工资几乎不会增加贫困工人的收入,研究表明其原因是他们会失去优渥的福利。但是这并不意味着有多达90万的人会失业。而且,它将从根本上阻碍年轻人(18-21岁之间)获得更好的历练以及永久的工作。
  In energy, Germany is trying to switch from nuclear and fossil-fuel sources to sun, wind and biomass. But it is not going well. Electricity prices are going up; German companies are losing ground to foreign rivals; and carbon emissions12 are rising, not falling. Deep reform is needed to the huge and inflexible13 subsidies14 for renewables, which will cost 24 billion this year. Instead, the cabinet is making another Ref?rmchen, tweaking the system in ways that consumers and firms will not notice.
  从能源方面看,德国正努力从核能和化石能源转向太阳能、风能和生物能。但是这条路走得并不顺利。电力价格持续增长,德国的公司也正日渐落后于国外的竞争对手 ,并且碳的排放量只增不减。对可再生能源的定期大量补贴需要深化改革,这在今年将花费240亿。相反地 ,内阁正谋划另一项迷你改革,以消费者和企业都不会关注的方式来调整系统。
  The government has also intervened messily in the property market, where rents are rising fast in some cities. It will cap increases in rent when re-letting flats to at most 10% of the rental15 average in the relevant district. The rules are still vague. But that hasn't stopped landlords from panicking and raising rents as high as they can in anticipation16. Investors17 who were planning to build new housing are thinking again.
  政府还极其混乱的干预了房地产市场,使得某些城市的租金疯长。这将使相关地区的再出售楼盘的租金最高达到平均租金的10%。虽然规则仍然是模糊的,但那并没有让房东感到恐慌,同时他们也以预想的不断提高租金。这使得计划建造新住房的投资者们重新考虑这些计划。
  A rare positive change concerns dual18-citizenship19 laws, which Germany will liberalise. Currently, children of foreign parents (those from outside the European Union) who were born in Germany have to choose between their passports before their 23rd birthday. Germany's large Turkish population is especially affected. In future such people may keep both passports, so long as they can show that they “grew up” (for at least eight years) in Germany. This still involves bureaucratic20 hassles. But it is at least a step forward.
  德国将施行一种罕见的涉及到双重国籍法律的积极改变。目前,那些外国父母(来自欧盟以外国家)生在德国的孩子,在其23岁之前必须选择其护照归属。尤其是德国大量的土耳其人口会因此受到影响。在未来,这类人群只要能证明他们在德国“长大”(至少8年)就可能保持两国护照。这还涉及到一些官场的争辩。但这至少是一种进步。
  These Ref?rmchen have two things in common. First, polls suggest they are popular. Second, they are part of the SPD's wish list and are driven mainly by its ministers. The pension changes and minimum wage are being pushed by Andrea Nahles, the labour minister; renewables reform comes under Sigmar Gabriel, the energy and economy minister; rent caps and dual citizenship fall to Heiko Maas, the justice minister (although he co-ordinates with the Christian Democratic interior minister, Thomas de Maizière.)
  这些“迷你改革”有两个共同点。第一,民意检测表明这些是深得人心的。第二,这些都是SPD愿望清单的一部分并且主要由其部长们发动。养老金的改革和最低工资政策是由安德蕾亚·纳勒斯——联邦劳工及社会事务部部长负责;可再生能源改革是能源与经济部长西马格·加布里尔负责;租金上限和双重国籍事项则由司法部长海科·马斯负责(尽管他与基民党内政部长Thomas de Maizière协调处理)。
  This seems odd. The SPD ought to be the weaker partner in the coalition, having won only 25.7% of the vote in September against 41.5% for the centre-right. But the SPD extracted some big concessions21 as a price for entering the coalition, in hopes of showing the voters that they had made their mark. That strategy could backfire. The SPD will soon run out of pet projects. By 2017 voters may have forgotten their initial activity; or the Ref?rmchen will prove damaging and help the CDU instead.
  这似乎有些怪异。SPD应该在大联盟中扮演较弱的角色,在九月的选举投票中仅一25.7%的支持率与中右翼41.5%对抗。但是SPD为加入大联盟采取了很大的让步,并希望向选民展示他们正努力实现规定的目标。这样的策略可能会适得其反。SPD即将完成其偏好型项目。2017年,选民可能已然忘记他们最开始的活动,或是“迷你改革”将破坏SPD的努力同时因此而帮助到了CDU。
  But the SPD is not the only one running risks. The CDU, Germany's largest party, no longer stands for anything recognisable. Its longest-serving minister, Wolfgang Sch?uble at finance, boasts that he will in 2015 propose the first balanced budget in 45 years. But that achievement owes much both to reforms that Germany made many years ago and to low interest rates.
  但是SPD(社民党)不是唯一一个行进在危机中的党派。德国最大的政党基民盟(CDU),不再代表任何人。它的在职时间最长的部长Wolfgang Sch?uble 在金融方面吹嘘说,他将在2015年提出45年来首个预算平衡。但是那些成就很大程度上归功于德国早先的改革和低利率的施行。
  Aart De Geus of the Bertelsmann Stiftung, a think-tank, worries that reversing previous reforms and adopting growth-unfriendly new ones may mean that Germany squanders22 much of its past progress. Over ten years have passed since Gerhard Schr?der's Agenda 2010 reforms helped transform a country beset23 by high unemployment into today's powerful economy. Now Germany is near the bottom of the league for reform. For a high-cost country with gloomy demographic prospects24, that is deeply worrying.
  贝塔斯曼基金会的Aart De Geus(一个智囊团),担忧改变先前的改革并且采取新的增长不友好型的方式可能意味着德国在挥霍着过去的进步。十多年以来,由于Gerhard Schr?der's Agenda在2010年的改革,以高失业率帮助一个身处困境的国家摇身一变成如今的经济强国。如今的德国身处改革联盟的最底部。对于一个人口前景黯淡的高成本国家,改革更是让人忧心忡忡。

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 coalition pWlyi     
n.结合体,同盟,结合,联合
参考例句:
  • The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
  • Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。
2 chancellor aUAyA     
n.(英)大臣;法官;(德、奥)总理;大学校长
参考例句:
  • They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
  • He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。
3 turmoil CKJzj     
n.骚乱,混乱,动乱
参考例句:
  • His mind was in such a turmoil that he couldn't get to sleep.内心的纷扰使他无法入睡。
  • The robbery put the village in a turmoil.抢劫使全村陷入混乱。
4 emanating be70e0c91e48568de32973cab34020e6     
v.从…处传出,传出( emanate的现在分词 );产生,表现,显示
参考例句:
  • Even so, there is a slight odour of potpourri emanating from Longfellow. 纵然如此,也还是可以闻到来自朗费罗的一种轻微的杂烩的味道。 来自辞典例句
  • Many surface waters, particularly those emanating from swampy areas, are often colored to the extent. 许多地表水,特别是由沼泽地区流出的地表水常常染上一定程度的颜色。 来自辞典例句
5 Christian KVByl     
adj.基督教徒的;n.基督教徒
参考例句:
  • They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
  • His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。
6 opposition eIUxU     
n.反对,敌对
参考例句:
  • The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
  • The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。
7 witty GMmz0     
adj.机智的,风趣的
参考例句:
  • Her witty remarks added a little salt to the conversation.她的妙语使谈话增添了一些风趣。
  • He scored a bull's-eye in their argument with that witty retort.在他们的辩论中他那一句机智的反驳击中了要害。
8 retirement TWoxH     
n.退休,退职
参考例句:
  • She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
  • I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。
9 economists 2ba0a36f92d9c37ef31cc751bca1a748     
n.经济学家,经济专家( economist的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
  • Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 foul Sfnzy     
adj.污秽的;邪恶的;v.弄脏;妨害;犯规;n.犯规
参考例句:
  • Take off those foul clothes and let me wash them.脱下那些脏衣服让我洗一洗。
  • What a foul day it is!多么恶劣的天气!
11 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
12 emissions 1a87f8769eb755734e056efecb5e2da9     
排放物( emission的名词复数 ); 散发物(尤指气体)
参考例句:
  • Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
  • Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。
13 inflexible xbZz7     
adj.不可改变的,不受影响的,不屈服的
参考例句:
  • Charles was a man of settled habits and inflexible routine.查尔斯是一个恪守习惯、生活规律不容打乱的人。
  • The new plastic is completely inflexible.这种新塑料是完全不可弯曲的。
14 subsidies 84c7dc8329c19e43d3437248757e572c     
n.补贴,津贴,补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
  • Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》
15 rental cBezh     
n.租赁,出租,出租业
参考例句:
  • The yearly rental of her house is 2400 yuan.她这房子年租金是2400元。
  • We can organise car rental from Chicago O'Hare Airport.我们可以安排提供从芝加哥奥黑尔机场出发的租车服务。
16 anticipation iMTyh     
n.预期,预料,期望
参考例句:
  • We waited at the station in anticipation of her arrival.我们在车站等着,期待她的到来。
  • The animals grew restless as if in anticipation of an earthquake.各种动物都变得焦躁不安,像是感到了地震即将发生。
17 investors dffc64354445b947454450e472276b99     
n.投资者,出资者( investor的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
  • a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会
18 dual QrAxe     
adj.双的;二重的,二元的
参考例句:
  • The people's Republic of China does not recognize dual nationality for any Chinese national.中华人民共和国不承认中国公民具有双重国籍。
  • He has dual role as composer and conductor.他兼作曲家及指挥的双重身分。
19 citizenship AV3yA     
n.市民权,公民权,国民的义务(身份)
参考例句:
  • He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生,但没有瑞典公民身分。
  • Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后,她选择了澳大利亚国籍。
20 bureaucratic OSFyE     
adj.官僚的,繁文缛节的
参考例句:
  • The sweat of labour washed away his bureaucratic airs.劳动的汗水冲掉了他身上的官气。
  • In this company you have to go through complex bureaucratic procedures just to get a new pencil.在这个公司里即使是领一支新铅笔,也必须通过繁琐的手续。
21 concessions 6b6f497aa80aaf810133260337506fa9     
n.(尤指由政府或雇主给予的)特许权( concession的名词复数 );承认;减价;(在某地的)特许经营权
参考例句:
  • The firm will be forced to make concessions if it wants to avoid a strike. 要想避免罢工,公司将不得不作出一些让步。
  • The concessions did little to placate the students. 让步根本未能平息学生的愤怒。
22 squanders 155798832af3cee632e03ea57bd435f7     
v.(指钱,财产等)浪费,乱花( squander的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • He squanders all the money which his father gives him. 他挥霍了他父亲给他的全部钱财。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • In squandering the health of its young, the world squanders its tomorrows. 年轻人在挥霍自己健康的同时世界也在浪费着他的未来。 来自互联网
23 beset SWYzq     
v.镶嵌;困扰,包围
参考例句:
  • She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
  • The plan was beset with difficulties from the beginning.这项计划自开始就困难重重。
24 prospects fkVzpY     
n.希望,前途(恒为复数)
参考例句:
  • There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
  • They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。
本文本内容来源于互联网抓取和网友提交,仅供参考,部分栏目没有内容,如果您有更合适的内容,欢迎点击提交分享给大家。
------分隔线----------------------------
TAG标签:   经济学人
顶一下
(0)
0%
踩一下
(0)
0%
最新评论 查看所有评论
发表评论 查看所有评论
请自觉遵守互联网相关的政策法规,严禁发布色情、暴力、反动的言论。
评价:
表情:
验证码:
听力搜索
推荐频道
论坛新贴