经济学人27:剧作家和畅销书作者丽莲·海尔曼的一生

 　　Books and Arts; Book Review;The life of Lillian Hellman;Profile in courage;

　　文艺；书评；丽莲·海尔曼的生活;勇气的轮廓;

　　Lillian Hellman, a popular playwright¹ and bestselling author, was a minor² player in American intellectual circles. So why is she still such a divisive figure?

　　丽莲·海尔曼，一个有名的剧作家和畅销书作者，曾今是美国知识分子圈中的一个小角色。但是为什么时至今日，她还是一个如此备受争议的人物？

　　A Difficult Woman: The Challenging Life and Times of Lillian Hellman. By Alice Kessler-Harris.

　　《一个难对付的女人：莉莲·赫尔曼充满挑战的一生和她的时代》，阿丽丝·凯斯勒·哈里斯著。

　　Lillian Hellman knew how to tell a good story, and she liked to spin her own. So she destroyed old letters, suppressed records and hushed friends. She replaced hard documentation with soulful reminiscences of a Jewish childhood in New Orleans, of coming of age during the Depression and of defending her leftist ideals amid the hysteria of the cold war. Flinty yet glamorous³, she was blacklisted in the 1950s because she would not confess to a crime of disloyalty she felt she never committed. In memoirs⁵ and anecdotes⁶, Hellman presented herself as she wished to be remembered—the courageous⁷ and upright heroine of her own play—and tried to destroy or quash everything else.

　　丽莲·海尔曼知道怎样才能叙述出一个好的故事，并且她喜欢编写关于自己的故事。正因为这样，她废弃了旧的书信，禁止写记录性的文件，缄默朋友。用充满感情的回忆录，取代了生硬刻板的文件。一个犹太人，在新奥尔良度过了自己的童年时光，成年时期经历了大萧条，并且在歇斯底里的冷战时期捍卫她的左翼思想。在二十世纪五十年代，她被列入黑名单，原因是她不愿意承认自己犯了不忠罪，她觉得自己从来没有犯过。虽然顽固了点，可是却很绚烂。在回忆录与轶事里，海尔曼这样呈现自己——一个有勇气且正直的女英雄，并且试图摧毁或是捣碎一切。

　　Hellman is an irresistible⁸ subject, but time has not been good to her reputation. Her effort to control her legacy⁹ appears to have backfired. Once celebrated¹⁰ for her taut¹¹ writing and devotion to social justice, her image since her death in 1984, aged¹² 79, has curdled¹³ into something villainous. Her plays are still performed—particularly “The Little Foxes”, which secured her fame in 1939—but they are often dismissed as moralising melodramas¹⁴. Her name now tends to invite vitriol about her being a Stalinist and a liar¹⁵, a woman who preached economic equality while swaddled in mink¹⁶. She was a hypocritical “bitch with balls”, in the words of Elia Kazan, a film director, who seethed¹⁷ at Hellman's self-righteous take on the McCarthy era.

　　海尔曼是一个让人无法抗拒的主题，可是时间对她的名誉而言却并不是一件好事。她企图控制自己的遗产，没料却事与愿违。曾今人们赞美她那简洁紧凑的著作，还有为社会正义所做出的努力。但是她的形象，在1984年79岁的她去世后，变质成腐化堕落。人们仍然在表演她的剧本，尤其是1939年为她赢得名声的《小狐狸》。但是更多的时候，剧本被认为是具有说教性质的情景剧，因此不予考虑。一提起她的名字，就会引来社会对她的尖酸刻薄的评价。一个斯大林主义者，撒谎精，一个鼓吹经济平等却穿着貂皮大衣的女流之辈。用美国导演伊利亚卡赞的话说，她是一个虚伪的“长有男性睾丸的婊子”。导演伊利亚卡赞及其讨厌海尔曼在麦卡锡时代的自以为是。

　　This is the backdrop of “A Difficult Woman”. Alice Kessler-Harris, an American historian at Columbia University, begins her thoughtful book assuring readers that “it would be folly¹⁸ to try to capture the ‘real' Lillian, whoever that is”. Hellman is too slippery a subject and too unco-operative a source for that. Rather, this biography works to answer the question of why Hellman remains¹⁹ such a divisive figure, “a lightning rod for the anger, fear and passion” that divided Americans during an especially fraught²⁰ ideological²¹ time.

　　这是令人深思的书籍《一个难对付的女人》的创作背景。艾丽斯·凯斯勒·哈里斯，美国哥伦比亚大学历史学家，如此开头本书向人们保证，“企图捕捉真实的丽莲是一件愚蠢的事，不管是谁”。原因是海尔曼是如此的狡猾，如此的不可合作。准确点说，这本传记主要是来回答海尔曼为什么是这样一位富有争议的人物，“是愤怒，恐惧与激情的避雷针”，在各种意识形态混杂的时代，让美国人四分五散。

　　Ambitious, acerbic²² and direct to the point of rudeness, Hellman was a woman of voracious²³ appetites, the kind of “tough broad” who “can take the tops off bottles with her teeth”, according to a 1941 New Yorker profile. She knew she wasn't a beauty (her first boyfriend said she looked like “a prow²⁴ head on a whaling ship”), but she bristled²⁵ with a sexual charisma²⁶ designed to distract husbands from their wives. Lonely and insecure about her desirability, she found affirmation in affairs and friendships with men.

　　野心勃勃，尖刻，并直接达到粗鲁的程度。海尔曼是个贪吃的女人，据1941年杂志纽约形象描述，她粗鲁的可以“用牙齿扯下瓶塞”。她知道自己不是一个美人（她的第一任男友说她长得像是“捕鲸船的船头”），但是她性感十足，专门勾引别人的老公。孤独，还有对性感的不安全感，使得她在艳遇和与男人的友谊中寻求肯定。

　　The most significant of these was with Dashiell Hammett, a famous and flamboyantly²⁷ alcoholic²⁸ writer of detective novels, with whom she enjoyed an unconventional romance for 30 years until he died in 1961. Hellman always credited him with teaching her how to write, showing her how to craft distinctive²⁹ characters with just a few lines of raffish³⁰ dialogue. In turn Hellman bailed³¹ Hammett out of the occasional fix, and tended to his reputation and estate for the rest of her life.

　　与她交往的最有名的当属达希尔·哈米特。达希尔·哈米特，侦探小说家，著名，有派头，酗酒。直到1961年达希尔·哈米特死亡，海尔曼跟他经历了30年的不同寻常的浪漫。海尔曼经常说他的好话，比如他教她如何写作，如何用几行简短的低级趣味的对白塑造出与众不同的人物形象。对应地，海尔曼保释达希尔·哈米特于偶尔的贿赂，并用其余生悉心照料他的名誉和财产。

　　Vehemently³² anti-fascist, Hellman fought for civil rights and civil liberties, always believing a better future was within reach. She became a labour organiser during the Depression, and travelled to Spain to witness the horrors of its civil war. She flirted³³ with communism in the 1930s, seeing the party as an essential check on fascism in Europe. Problematically, she joined the party after the worst of Moscow's purges³⁴ and show trials, and even signed a letter declaring her faith in the guilt³⁵ of the defendants³⁶. But her membership was brief, and she later expressed regret for not having understood just how blood-soaked Stalin was.

　　海尔曼是激进的反法西斯主义者，为了人权和自由而战，并且坚信美好的未来就在手边。在大萧条时期，她成为工会的组织者，并且亲赴西班牙，见证内战的恐怖。在十九世纪三十年代，她与共产主义接触，亲眼目睹了，在欧洲，主要的被抓捕对象是共产党。给她真正惹麻烦的，是在糟糕的莫斯科大清洗后，她加入了共产党，并且出庭，甚至签署一封信，宣称自己对被告的过失有信心。

　　Amid growing fears about the Soviet³⁷ menace in the 1950s, Hellman still loudly supported “peaceful coexistence” rather than aggressive containment³⁸. Called before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1952, she elegantly declared that it was “indecent and dishonourable” to name names in order to save herself, particularly when she did not feel she had done anything wrong. America's repression³⁹ of communism, she argued, was more insidious⁴⁰ than the threat of it. Despite decades of involvement in progressive politics and her public criticism of Stalin's regime, Hellman is still regarded as an “unrepentant Stalinist”.

　　在1950年代，人们在对苏联的威胁战战兢兢之际，海尔曼依旧高调支持“和平共处”而不是强制遏制。1952年，在被非美活动调查委员会传唤之前，为了保全自己，她高雅地宣称公开点名是“不得体且不被尊重”的。看点是，她还并不觉得自己做错了什么。针对美国对共产党的镇压，她反驳道，比起共产党带来的威胁，这更阴险。尽管她参与了几十年的政治改革，并且公开批评斯大林政权，海尔曼还是被标榜为“顽固不化的斯大林主义者”。

　　Ms Kessler-Harris largely defends Hellman against her harshest critics by placing her and her choices—such as her defence of communism and her refusal to embrace feminism—in the context of her times. Hellman's politics were often naive⁴¹, but she was hardly alone. She had the “sense of justice of a very small child”, according to a friend, and she conveyed this moral certainty in her plays. But she was a bit player in intellectual circles, a celebrity⁴² whose outspokenness⁴³ earned her disproportionate attention. So why has Hellman become a symbol for all that went wrong in the ideological battles of the 20th century? Ms Kessler-Harris argues that it may have something to do with the fact that she was a brassy, unattractive and sexually voracious woman who reaped commercial success from “middlebrow” work.

　　凯斯勒·哈里斯女士替海尔曼讲话，反对那些针对她的苛刻的批评。主要是通过把海尔曼放在她所处的时代来看待她这个人和她的决定。诸如，防卫共产主义，拒绝拥抱女权主义。海尔曼的政治活动通常是天真幼稚的，但是却都不是她一个人的行为。根据她一个朋友的说法，她有一种“一个非常小的小孩子的正义感”，这在她的剧本中有所体现。在知识分子层中，她可以说算是跑龙套的，可是她的坦率直言，赚足了人们的眼球。在二十世纪意识形态竞争焦灼的年代，到底是什么让海尔曼成了一个标志？凯斯勒·哈里斯女士认为，这来源于这样一个事实，她脸皮厚，长的不好看，性贪婪，但是却能从极普通的工作中攫取大量的商业财富。

　　Hellman hardly helped matters by claiming her own moral superiority. In her 1976 memoir⁴, “Scoundrel Time”, she lambasts fellow leftists for not speaking up when innocent Americans were being jailed or ruined by the HUAC witch hunt. Her anger was not directed at the government, but at “the people of my world”, the intellectuals who did nothing to defend America's civil liberties. By placing herself on this righteous pedestal, touting⁴⁴ her own bravery in a time of fear, she left herself open to criticism, particularly for her blindness to Stalin's sins. She was also more vulnerable to claims that she twisted the facts to promote her story of personal courage.

　　海尔曼想通过声称自己的道德优越感来帮助解决事情，可事情却正好相反。1976年的回忆录《邪恶的日子》，HUAC监禁或迫害无辜的美国人民，左翼分子们没有大声抗议，海尔曼炮轰同行的行为。她的愤怒并不是指向美国政府，而是“我的王国里的人们”，那些知识分子，对于保卫人民的自由，置若罔闻。她把自己当做正义的化身，在人们充满恐惧心理的年代，兜售自己的勇敢。海尔曼将自己置于大众批评的箭靶之下，尤其是她对斯大林罪行的一无所知。同时她也很容易让人们攻击她利用扭曲事实来推广自己很有勇气。

　　But the final nail in the coffin⁴⁵ of Hellman's reputation was hammered in 1980, when she decided⁴⁶ to go after Mary McCarthy, a novelist and literary critic, for defaming her in a late-night TV interview. Younger, more attractive and intellectually fierce, McCarthy accused Hellman of being a bad and dishonest writer; “every word she writes is a lie, including ‘and' and ‘the'.” Hellman sued. The lawsuit⁴⁷ lasted for the rest of her life. After years of defending civil liberties and criticising rapacious⁴⁸ wealth-seeking, Hellman ended her days seeming like a greedy and vengeful censor⁴⁹.

　　但是，给海尔曼的名声带来致命一击的，是1980年她与玛丽麦卡锡的官司。玛丽麦卡锡，小说家和文学批评家，在一档晚间电视访谈中说了海尔曼的坏话。麦卡锡，更年轻，更有吸引力，更智慧，谴责海尔曼是一个坏人，一个不诚实的作家：“她写的每一个词，包括‘and'和‘the'都是谎言。”海尔曼起诉她。这场官司一直持续到海尔曼生命的最后。多年以来，她保卫人民自由，谴责贪婪的追求财富的行为，不料在生命结束之际，看起来却像是个贪婪的，报复心重的审查员。

　　This is a shame. Hellman may not have been the hero of her reminiscences, but she spent a lifetime believing it was the duty of engaged citizens to fight racism⁵⁰, alleviate⁵¹ poverty and protect civil liberties. She was a role model to feminists⁵² in the 1970s, but she despaired that they talked too much about bras and too little about economic opportunity and human rights. She made some foolish choices, but Lillian Hellman was often on the right side of history. Too bad so many of her good ideas have been tossed out with the bad ones.

　　这真是一件令人遗憾的事。海尔曼或许不是她回忆录中的英雄，可是她终生坚信，反对种族歧视，缓解贫困，并且保护人民的自由是参与社会的人民应有的义务。她是1970年代女权运动的行为榜样，但是她们谈论的更多的主题是内衣，经济机会和人权的实在太少，这很令海尔曼失望。虽然她做过一些愚蠢的决定，但是丽莲海尔曼总是站在历史的正确的一边。真不幸，她的很多好的观点随着不好的，一同被丢弃。

1 playwright   

n.剧作家，编写剧本的人

参考例句：

• Gwyn Thomas was a famous playwright.格温·托马斯是著名的剧作家。
• The playwright was slaughtered by the press.这位剧作家受到新闻界的无情批判。

2 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。

3 glamorous   

adj.富有魅力的；美丽动人的；令人向往的

参考例句：

• The south coast is less glamorous but full of clean and attractive hotels.南海岸魅力稍逊，但却有很多干净漂亮的宾馆。
• It is hard work and not a glamorous job as portrayed by the media.这是份苦差，并非像媒体描绘的那般令人向往。

4 memoir   

n.[pl.]回忆录，自传；记事录

参考例句：

• He has just published a memoir in honour of his captain.他刚刚出了一本传记来纪念他的队长。
• In her memoir,the actress wrote about the bittersweet memories of her first love.在那个女演员的自传中，她写到了自己苦乐掺半的初恋。

5 memoirs   

n.回忆录；回忆录传( mem,自oir的名词复数)

参考例句：

• Her memoirs were ghostwritten. 她的回忆录是由别人代写的。
• I watched a trailer for the screenplay of his memoirs. 我看过以他的回忆录改编成电影的预告片。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 anecdotes   

n.掌故，趣闻，轶事( anecdote的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• amusing anecdotes about his brief career as an actor 关于他短暂演员生涯的趣闻逸事
• He related several anecdotes about his first years as a congressman. 他讲述自己初任议员那几年的几则轶事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 courageous   

adj.勇敢的，有胆量的

参考例句：

• We all honour courageous people.我们都尊重勇敢的人。
• He was roused to action by courageous words.豪言壮语促使他奋起行动。

8 irresistible   

adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的

参考例句：

• The wheel of history rolls forward with an irresistible force.历史车轮滚滚向前，势不可挡。
• She saw an irresistible skirt in the store window.她看见商店的橱窗里有一条叫人着迷的裙子。

9 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

10 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

11 taut   

adj.拉紧的，绷紧的，紧张的

参考例句：

• The bowstring is stretched taut.弓弦绷得很紧。
• Scarlett's taut nerves almost cracked as a sudden noise sounded in the underbrush near them. 思嘉紧张的神经几乎一下绷裂了，因为她听见附近灌木丛中突然冒出的一个声音。

12 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

13 curdled   

v.（使）凝结( curdle的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The milk has curdled. 牛奶凝结了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Terror curdled his blood. 恐惧使他心惊胆颤。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

14 melodramas   

情节剧( melodrama的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• It was the operatic version of the Chinese costume melodramas so loved by television audiences. 这是电视观众最喜爱的一个中国故事的歌剧版本。

15 liar   

n.说谎的人

参考例句：

• I know you for a thief and a liar!我算认识你了，一个又偷又骗的家伙！
• She was wrongly labelled a liar.她被错误地扣上说谎者的帽子。

16 mink   

n.貂，貂皮

参考例句：

• She was wearing a blue dress and a mink coat.她穿着一身蓝色的套装和一件貂皮大衣。
• He started a mink ranch and made a fortune in five years. 他开了个水貂养殖场，五年之内就赚了不少钱。

17 seethed   

（液体）沸腾( seethe的过去式和过去分词 )； 激动，大怒； 强压怒火； 生闷气(~with sth|~ at sth)

参考例句：

• She seethed silently in the corner. 她在角落里默默地生闷气。
• He seethed with rage as the train left without him. 他误了火车，怒火中烧。

18 folly   

n.愚笨，愚蠢，蠢事，蠢行，傻话

参考例句：

• Learn wisdom by the folly of others.从别人的愚蠢行动中学到智慧。
• Events proved the folly of such calculations.事情的进展证明了这种估计是愚蠢的。

19 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

20 fraught   

adj.充满…的，伴有(危险等)的；忧虑的

参考例句：

• The coming months will be fraught with fateful decisions.未来数月将充满重大的决定。
• There's no need to look so fraught!用不着那么愁眉苦脸的！

21 ideological   

a.意识形态的

参考例句：

• He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
• He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作，对我有很大帮助。

22 acerbic   

adj.酸的，刻薄的

参考例句：

• His lyrics are as acerbic and poignant as they ever have been.他的歌词一如既往的犀利辛辣。
• He sent back an acerbic letter.他回复了一封尖刻的信。

23 voracious   

adj.狼吞虎咽的，贪婪的

参考例句：

• She's a voracious reader of all kinds of love stories.什么样的爱情故事她都百看不厌。
• Joseph Smith was a voracious book collector.约瑟夫·史密斯是个如饥似渴的藏书家。

24 prow   

n.(飞机)机头，船头

参考例句：

• The prow of the motor-boat cut through the water like a knife.汽艇的船头像一把刀子劈开水面向前行驶。
• He stands on the prow looking at the seadj.他站在船首看着大海。

25 bristled   

adj. 直立的，多刺毛的 动词bristle的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• They bristled at his denigrating description of their activities. 听到他在污蔑他们的活动，他们都怒发冲冠。
• All of us bristled at the lawyer's speech insulting our forefathers. 听到那个律师在讲演中污蔑我们的祖先，大家都气得怒发冲冠。

26 charisma   

n.(大众爱戴的)领袖气质，魅力

参考例句：

• He has enormous charisma. He is a giant of a man.他有超凡的个人魅力，是个伟人。
• I don't have the charisma to pull a crowd this size.我没有那么大的魅力，能吸引这么多人。

27 flamboyantly   

adv.艳丽地、奢华地、绚丽地。

参考例句：

• He dresses rather flamboyantly. 他衣着华丽。 来自互联网
• The criticism of Mr Obama's handling of the oil spill has been especially and flamboyantly unreasonable. 对于奥巴马对漏油事件的处理，人们的批评尤其夸大得没有道理。 来自互联网

28 alcoholic   

adj.（含）酒精的，由酒精引起的；n.酗酒者

参考例句：

• The alcoholic strength of brandy far exceeds that of wine.白兰地的酒精浓度远远超过葡萄酒。
• Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。

29 distinctive   

adj.特别的，有特色的，与众不同的

参考例句：

• She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
• This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。

30 raffish   

adj.名誉不好的，无赖的，卑鄙的，艳俗的

参考例句：

• The theatre's raffish auditorium recalls an earlier era.剧院俗丽的观众席让人想起早先的时代。
• He was handsome in a raffish kind of way.他的帅是一种放荡不羁的帅。

31 bailed   

保释，帮助脱离困境( bail的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Fortunately the pilot bailed out before the plane crashed. 飞机坠毁之前，驾驶员幸运地跳伞了。
• Some water had been shipped and the cook bailed it out. 船里进了些水，厨师把水舀了出去。

32 vehemently   

adv. 热烈地

参考例句：

• He argued with his wife so vehemently that he talked himself hoarse. 他和妻子争论得很激烈，以致讲话的声音都嘶哑了。
• Both women vehemently deny the charges against them. 两名妇女都激烈地否认了对她们的指控。

33 flirted   

v.调情，打情骂俏( flirt的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She flirted her fan. 她急速挥动着扇子。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• During his four months in Egypt he flirted with religious emotions. 在埃及逗留的这四个月期间，他又玩弄起宗教情绪来了。 来自辞典例句

34 purges   

清除异己( purge的名词复数 )； 整肃（行动）； 清洗； 泻药

参考例句：

• Mandelshtam perished in the purges of the 1930s, Akhmatova remained silent. 曼杰利什坦姆在30年代的清洗中死去，阿赫玛托娃也销声匿迹。
• He purges his subconscious and meditates only on God. 他净化他的潜意识且只思念上帝。

35 guilt   

n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责

参考例句：

• She tried to cover up her guilt by lying.她企图用谎言掩饰自己的罪行。
• Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.别因为功课责备孩子而使他觉得很内疚。

36 defendants   

被告( defendant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The courts heard that the six defendants had been coerced into making a confession. 法官审判时发现6位被告人曾被迫承认罪行。
• As in courts, the defendants are represented by legal counsel. 与法院相同，被告有辩护律师作为代表。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件

37 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

38 containment   

n.阻止，遏制；容量

参考例句：

• Your list might include such things as cost containment,quality,or customer satisfaction.你的清单上应列有诸如成本控制、产品质量、客户满意程度等内容。
• Insularity and self-containment,it is argued,go hand in hand.他们争论说，心胸狭窄和自我封闭是并存的。

39 repression   

n.镇压，抑制，抑压

参考例句：

• The repression of your true feelings is harmful to your health.压抑你的真实感情有害健康。
• This touched off a new storm against violent repression.这引起了反对暴力镇压的新风暴。

40 insidious   

adj.阴险的，隐匿的，暗中为害的，（疾病）不知不觉之间加剧

参考例句：

• That insidious man bad-mouthed me to almost everyone else.那个阴险的家伙几乎见人便说我的坏话。
• Organized crime has an insidious influence on all who come into contact with it.所有和集团犯罪有关的人都会不知不觉地受坏影响。

41 naive   

adj.幼稚的，轻信的；天真的

参考例句：

• It's naive of you to believe he'll do what he says.相信他会言行一致，你未免太单纯了。
• Don't be naive.The matter is not so simple.你别傻乎乎的。事情没有那么简单。

42 celebrity   

n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望

参考例句：

• Tom found himself something of a celebrity. 汤姆意识到自己已小有名气了。
• He haunted famous men, hoping to get celebrity for himself. 他常和名人在一起, 希望借此使自己获得名气。

43 outspokenness   

参考例句：

• He wondered whether his outspokenness a liability to John. 他怀疑自己那么心直口快，是否为成为约翰的包袱。
• He wondered whether his outspokenness might a. to his friend. 他怀疑自己那么心直口快，会否使他朋友背上思想包袱。

44 touting   

v.兜售( tout的现在分词 )；招揽；侦查；探听赛马情报

参考例句：

• He's been touting his novel around publishers for years. 他几年来一直到处找出版商兜售自己的小说。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Technology industry leaders are touting cars as a hot area for growth. 科技产业领袖吹捧为增长热点地区的汽车。 来自互联网

45 coffin   

n.棺材，灵柩

参考例句：

• When one's coffin is covered,all discussion about him can be settled.盖棺论定。
• The coffin was placed in the grave.那口棺材已安放到坟墓里去了。

46 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

47 lawsuit   

n.诉讼，控诉

参考例句：

• They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
• He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。

48 rapacious   

adj.贪婪的，强夺的

参考例句：

• He had a rapacious appetite for bird's nest soup.他吃燕窝汤吃个没够。
• Rapacious soldiers looted the houses in the defeated city.贪婪的士兵洗劫了被打败的城市。

49 censor   

n./vt.审查，审查员；删改

参考例句：

• The film has not been viewed by the censor.这部影片还未经审查人员审查。
• The play was banned by the censor.该剧本被查禁了。

50 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

51 alleviate   

v.减轻，缓和，缓解(痛苦等)

参考例句：

• The doctor gave her an injection to alleviate the pain.医生给她注射以减轻疼痛。
• Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。

52 feminists   

n.男女平等主义者，女权扩张论者( feminist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Only 16 percent of young women in a 1990 survey considered themselves feminists. 在1990年的一项调查中，只有16%的年轻女性认为自己是女权主义者。 来自辞典例句
• The organization had many enemies, most notably among feminists. 这个组织有许多敌人，特别是在男女平等主义者中。 来自辞典例句