经济学人162:韬光养晦为称雄

 　　India and its near-abroad

　　印度及其周边国家

　　New humility¹ for the hegemon

　　韬光养晦为称雄

　　Too slowly, India is realising that poor relations with its South Asian neighbours hold back its global ambitions

　　如梦初醒，印度现在才意识到以邻为壑会拖其全球野心之后腿

　　Jul 30th 2011 | from the print edition

　　NO ONE loves a huge neighbour. For all that, India’s relations with the countries that ring it are abysmal². Of the eight with which it shares a land or maritime³ boundary, only two can be said to be happy with India: tiny Maldives, where India has the only foreign embassy and dispenses⁴ much largesse⁵, and Bhutan, which has a policy of being happy about everything. Among its other South Asian neighbours, the world’s biggest democracy is incredible mainly because of its amazing ability to generate wariness⁶ and resentment⁷.

　　没有国家喜欢与大国比邻而居。尽管如此，印度与其周边国家的关系只能用糟糕透顶来形容。在与其共壤或共海上边界的八个国家中，只有两个国家能说对印度感到满意：极小的马尔代夫和不丹。印度大使馆是马尔代夫境内唯一的外国大使馆，并在马尔大夫大行慷慨；不丹奉行与世无争的政策，对一切都感到满意。在其南亚邻居看来，印度让人产生戒心和愤恨的惊人能力，实在与“世界最大民主国家”难以匹配。

　　Until recently it operated a shoot-to-kill policy towards migrant workers and cattle rustlers along its long border with Bangladesh. Over the years it has meddled⁸ madly in Nepal’s internal affairs. In Myanmar India snuggles up to the country’s thuggish dictators, leaving the beleaguered⁹ opposition¹⁰ to wonder what happened to India’s championing of democracy. Relations with Sri Lanka are conflicted. It treats China with more respect, but feuds¹¹ with it about its border.

　　直到近来，印度还对跨越边境的孟加拉国民工和偷牛贼施行“格杀勿论”的政策；多年来，它对尼泊尔的内政疯狂干涉；在缅甸，印度与该国凶残的独裁者沆瀣一气，遭围攻的反对派很想知道印度倡导的民主究竟发生了什么变故；印度与斯里兰卡的关系也是冲突不断；它对中国要更尊重一些，不过因边界问题，两者也是世仇。

　　As for Pakistan, relations are defined by their animosity. One former Indian diplomat¹² likened reconciling the two nuclear-tipped powers to treating two patients whose only disease is an allergy¹³ to each other. The observation underscores the fact that it takes two to have bad relations, and to be fair to India plenty of problems press in on it—many of them with their roots in India’s bloody¹⁴ partition in 1947. Pakistan has used a long-running territorial¹⁵ dispute over Kashmir as a reason to launch wars. It also exports terrorism to India, sometimes with the connivance¹⁶ of parts of the Pakistani state. India thinks Bangladesh also harbours India-hating terrorists.

　　至于说巴基斯坦，仇恨是两国的关系的主流。前印度外交官将调解印巴这两个装有核弹头国家的关系比作治疗两个病人——他们的唯一病症就是彼此过敏。评论认为一个巴掌拍不响，糟糕的关系是双方共同造成的。平心而论，双方关系如此糟糕因归咎于印度。诸多问题堆积叠加于是出现今天的局面——许多问题可以追溯到1947年的血腥分治。两国克什米尔问题上的长期争端，为巴基斯坦挑起战争提供了借口。巴基斯坦同样向印度输出恐怖主义——有时会在巴基斯坦国家部分地区的纵容默许之下。印度认为，孟加拉共和国也藏匿有仇恨印度的恐怖主义分子。

　　With the notable exception of India’s prime minister, Manmohan Singh, who has heroically persisted in dialogue with Pakistan in the face of provocations¹⁷ and domestic resistance, India’s dealings with its neighbours are mostly driven by arrogance¹⁸ and neglect. It has shared shockingly little of its economic dynamism and new-found prosperity with those around it. Just 5% of South Asia’s trade is within the region.

　　面对挑拨和国内反抗，印度总理辛格勇敢地坚持与巴基斯坦进行对话，在外交中采取难能可贵的主动姿态。总体而言，印度对其邻居都是傲慢和怠慢的。印度极少与周边邻国分享经济活力和新近取得的繁荣。南亚贸易中，只有5%是在这一地区完成的。

　　Too little and too late, the neglect is starting to be replaced by engagement (see article). This week Sonia Gandhi, dynastic leader of India’s ruling Congress Party, visited Bangladesh—a first. And on July 27th India’s foreign minister hosted his Pakistani counterpart, the first such meeting in a year. He promised a “comprehensive, serious and sustained” dialogue.

　　亡羊补牢，其犹未晚？近来，印度的态度由怠慢转向合作（看文章）。本周，印度执政的国大党主席索尼娅·甘地史无前例地访问了孟加拉共和国。7月27日，印度外交部长与巴基斯坦外交部长举行会谈——今年以来这种会谈尚属首次。他承诺本着“理解、认真、持续”的精神展开对话。

　　A new regional engagement is prodded²⁰ by two things. China’s rapid and increasingly assertive²¹ rise challenges India’s own regional dominance. As a foundation for its rise, China pursued a vigorous “smile diplomacy” towards its neighbours that stands in contrast to slothful Indian energies. The smile has sometimes turned to snarl²² of late (see Banyan). Even so, China’s engagement with its neighbours has allowed it both to prosper¹⁹ and to spread influence.

　　两件事促成一份新的地区承诺。首先，中国迅速而愈发自信的崛起对印度自身地区主导地位是一大挑战。作为崛起的基础，中国对邻居奉行强有力的“微笑外交”，与印度的懒散形成鲜明的对比。最近，这种微笑外交有时会变成咆哮（看菩提专栏）。即便如此，中国与其邻居的承诺保证其既能繁荣昌盛又能扩大影响。

　　Our interactive²³ map displays the various territorial claims of India, Pakistan and China from each country's perspective

　　《经济学人》互动地图展示了印度、巴基斯坦和中国各方视角的领土诉求

　　Second, dynamic India can hardly soar globally while mired²⁴ in its own backyard. Promoting regional prosperity is surely the best way to persuade neighbours that its own rise is more of an opportunity than a threat. Yet India lacks any kind of vision. A region-wide energy market using northern neighbours’ hydropower would transform South Asian economies. Vision, too, could go a long way to restoring ties that history has cut asunder²⁵, such as those between Karachi and Mumbai, once sister commercial cities but now as good as on different planets; and Kolkata and its huge former hinterland in Bangladesh. Without development and deeper integration²⁶, other resentments²⁷ will be hard to soothe²⁸. It falls on the huge unloved neighbour to make the running.

　　其次，其次，如果后院起火的话，就算印度再充满活力也不能在国际舞台大展拳脚。。要让邻居认为“与其说印度崛起是个威胁不如说是个机会”，促进区域繁荣是确凿无疑的最好方式。然而，印度缺乏任何形式的远见。使用北方邻国的水力发电来开发出一个区域性能源市场，这样便可以带动南亚经济发展。同样，要修复被历史切割为碎片的联系，这一怀远之道还有相当长的一段路要走。例如，卡拉奇和孟买在历史上是姊妹商业城市，现在却形同陌路，仿佛不在一个星球之上；还有加尔各答和原其孟加拉国巨大腹地亦是如此。没有发展和深入合作，很难化解其余的仇恨。而这一责任还需这个不招人待见的邻居来带头。

1 humility   

n.谦逊，谦恭

参考例句：

• Humility often gains more than pride.谦逊往往比骄傲收益更多。
• His voice was still soft and filled with specious humility.他的声音还是那么温和，甚至有点谦卑。

2 abysmal   

adj.无底的，深不可测的，极深的；糟透的，极坏的；完全的

参考例句：

• The film was so abysmal that I fell asleep.电影太糟糕，看得我睡着了。
• There is a historic explanation for the abysmal state of Chinese cuisine in the United States.中餐在美国的糟糕状态可以从历史上找原因。

3 maritime   

adj.海的，海事的，航海的，近海的，沿海的

参考例句：

• Many maritime people are fishermen.许多居于海滨的人是渔夫。
• The temperature change in winter is less in maritime areas.冬季沿海的温差较小。

4 dispenses   

v.分配，分与；分配( dispense的第三人称单数 )；施与；配（药）

参考例句：

• The machine dispenses a range of drinks and snacks. 这台机器发售各种饮料和小吃。
• This machine dispenses coffee. 这台机器发售咖啡。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 largesse   

n.慷慨援助，施舍

参考例句：

• She is not noted for her largesse.没人听说过她出手大方。
• Our people are in no need of richer nations' largesse.我国人民不需要富国的施舍。

6 wariness   

n. 注意,小心

参考例句：

• The British public's wariness of opera is an anomaly in Europe. 英国公众对歌剧不大轻易接受的态度在欧洲来说很反常。
• There certainly is a history of wariness about using the R-word. 历史表明绝对应当谨慎使用“衰退”一词。

7 resentment   

n.怨愤，忿恨

参考例句：

• All her feelings of resentment just came pouring out.她一股脑儿倾吐出所有的怨恨。
• She cherished a deep resentment under the rose towards her employer.她暗中对她的雇主怀恨在心。

8 meddled   

v.干涉，干预（他人事务）( meddle的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Someone has meddled with the photographs I laid out so carefully. 有人把我精心布置的照片弄乱了。 来自辞典例句
• The gifts of charity meddled with a man's private affair. 慈善团体的帮助实际上是干涉私人的事务。 来自互联网

9 beleaguered   

adj.受到围困[围攻]的；包围的v.围攻( beleaguer的过去式和过去分词)；困扰；骚扰

参考例句：

• The beleaguered party leader was forced to resign. 那位饱受指责的政党领导人被迫辞职。
• We are beleaguered by problems. 我们被许多困难所困扰。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

11 feuds   

n.长期不和，世仇( feud的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Quarrels and feuds between tribes became incessant. 部落间的争吵、反目成仇的事件接连不断。 来自英汉非文学 - 文明史
• There were feuds in the palace, no one can deny. 宫里也有斗争，这是无可否认的。 来自辞典例句

12 diplomat   

n.外交官，外交家；能交际的人，圆滑的人

参考例句：

• The diplomat threw in a joke, and the tension was instantly relieved.那位外交官插进一个笑话，紧张的气氛顿时缓和下来。
• He served as a diplomat in Russia before the war.战前他在俄罗斯当外交官。

13 allergy   

n.(因食物、药物等而引起的)过敏症

参考例句：

• He developed an allergy to pollen.他对花粉过敏。
• The patient had an allergy to penicillin.该患者对青霉素过敏。

14 bloody   

adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染

参考例句：

• He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
• He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。

15 territorial   

adj.领土的，领地的

参考例句：

• The country is fighting to preserve its territorial integrity.该国在为保持领土的完整而进行斗争。
• They were not allowed to fish in our territorial waters.不允许他们在我国领海捕鱼。

16 connivance   

n.纵容；默许

参考例句：

• The criminals could not have escaped without your connivance.囚犯没有你的默契配合，是逃不掉的。
• He tried to bribe the police into connivance.他企图收买警察放他一马。

17 provocations   

n.挑衅( provocation的名词复数 )；激怒；刺激；愤怒的原因

参考例句：

• We cannot ignore such provocations. 对于这种挑衅，我们不能置之不理。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• They must immediately cease all their provocations. 他们必须停止一切挑衅。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

18 arrogance   

n.傲慢，自大

参考例句：

• His arrogance comes out in every speech he makes.他每次讲话都表现得骄傲自大。
• Arrogance arrested his progress.骄傲阻碍了他的进步。

19 prosper   

v.成功，兴隆，昌盛；使成功，使昌隆，繁荣

参考例句：

• With her at the wheel,the company began to prosper.有了她当主管，公司开始兴旺起来。
• It is my earnest wish that this company will continue to prosper.我真诚希望这家公司会继续兴旺发达。

20 prodded   

v.刺，戳( prod的过去式和过去分词 )；刺激；促使；（用手指或尖物）戳

参考例句：

• She prodded him in the ribs to wake him up. 她用手指杵他的肋部把他叫醒。
• He prodded at the plate of fish with his fork. 他拿叉子戳弄着那盘鱼。 来自《简明英汉词典》

21 assertive   

adj.果断的，自信的，有冲劲的

参考例句：

• She always speaks an assertive tone.她总是以果断的语气说话。
• China appears to have become more assertive in the waters off its coastline over recent years.在近些年，中国显示出对远方海洋的自信。

22 snarl   

v.吼叫，怒骂，纠缠，混乱；n.混乱，缠结，咆哮

参考例句：

• At the seaside we could hear the snarl of the waves.在海边我们可以听见波涛的咆哮。
• The traffic was all in a snarl near the accident.事故发生处附近交通一片混乱。

23 interactive   

adj.相互作用的，互相影响的，（电脑）交互的

参考例句：

• The psychotherapy is carried out in small interactive groups.这种心理治疗是在互动的小组之间进行的。
• This will make videogames more interactive than ever.这将使电子游戏的互动性更胜以往。

24 mired   

abbr.microreciprocal degree 迈尔德（色温单位）v.深陷( mire的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The country was mired in recession. 这个国家陷入了经济衰退的困境。
• The most brilliant leadership can be mired in detail. 最有才干的领导也会陷于拘泥琐事的困境中。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

25 asunder   

adj.分离的，化为碎片

参考例句：

• The curtains had been drawn asunder.窗帘被拉向两边。
• Your conscience,conviction,integrity,and loyalties were torn asunder.你的良心、信念、正直和忠诚都被扯得粉碎了。

26 integration   

n.一体化，联合，结合

参考例句：

• We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
• This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。

27 resentments   

（因受虐待而）愤恨，不满，怨恨( resentment的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He could never transcend his resentments and his complexes. 他从来不能把他的怨恨和感情上的症结置之度外。
• These local resentments burst into open revolt. 地方性反感变成公开暴动。

28 soothe   

v.安慰；使平静；使减轻；缓和；奉承

参考例句：

• I've managed to soothe him down a bit.我想方设法使他平静了一点。
• This medicine should soothe your sore throat.这种药会减轻你的喉痛。