2022年经济学人 普京发动了对乌克兰的战争

The world this week -- Politics

本周国际要闻——政治

After months of denying any such intention, Vladimir Putin, Russia's president, launched an invasion of Ukraine.

在否认有任何入侵意图数月后，俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京发动了对乌克兰的入侵。

Russian troops appear to have entered the country not only from Russia itself, but also from Belarus and the Crimea, a Ukrainian territory seized by Russia in 2014.

俄罗斯军队似乎不仅从俄罗斯本国进入乌克兰，还从白俄罗斯和克里米亚进入该国，克里米亚是2014年被俄罗斯占领的乌克兰领土。

Russian aircraft and missiles struck targets across the country, including near the capital, Kyiv.

俄罗斯飞机和导弹袭击了全国各地的目标，包括首都基辅附近。

Russian forces advanced on Kharkiv, the second city, and Mariupol, a strategic port.

俄罗斯军队向第二大城市哈尔科夫和战略港口马里乌波尔推进。

Mr Putin said he was seeking to "de-Nazify" Ukraine.

普京称，他正在寻求使乌克兰“去纳粹化”。

The Ukrainian government declared martial¹ law.

乌克兰政府宣布实施戒严。

It claimed to be holding back Russian forces in several parts of the country.

它声称正在该国多个地区阻挡俄罗斯军队。

Large traffic jams formed as civilians² tried to flee Kyiv and other cities.

平民试图逃离基辅和其他城市造成了大规模的交通拥堵。

Airlines were warned not to fly over the country.

航空公司被警告不要飞越该国上空。

The scale of casualties was not immediately apparent.

伤亡规模尚不清楚。

Mr Putin's attack was immediately condemned³ by Western countries.

普京的攻击立即受到了西方国家的谴责。

Joe Biden said that America would impose swift and severe sanctions on Russia.

乔·拜登表示，美国将对俄罗斯实施迅速且严厉的制裁。

Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, promised the same on the EU's behalf.

欧盟委员会主席乌苏拉·冯德莱恩代表欧盟做出了同样的承诺。

It is time "to up the pain level", said Mark Warner, the chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee.

参议院情报委员会主席马克·华纳表示，是时候“提高疼痛程度”了。

NATO, the G7 and the EU all called emergency summits of their leaders.

北约、七国集团和欧盟都各自召开了领导人紧急峰会。

Even before the invasion, Germany had suspended the process of starting up Nord Stream 2, an undersea pipeline⁴ intended to carry gas from Russia to Germany, deliberately⁵ bypassing Ukraine.

甚至在入侵之前，德国就已经暂停了启动北溪2号的进程，北溪2号是一条旨在将天然气从俄罗斯输送到德国的海底管道，刻意绕过了乌克兰。

In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Estonia invoked⁶ a clause of the NATO treaty for members under threat.

作为对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的回应，爱沙尼亚援引了北约条约中针对受威胁成员国的一项条款。

The alliance said it was deploying⁷ extra troops to eastern Europe to bolster⁸ its members' defences.

北约表示，它正在向东欧增派部队，以加强其成员国的防御。

Mr Putin threatened "consequences that you have never faced in your history" for anyone attempting to interfere⁹ in the war.

普京威胁说，任何企图干预战争的国家都将面临“你们有史以来从未面临过的后果”。

The Israeli justice ministry¹⁰ found no evidence that the police bypassed judicial¹¹ oversight¹² and hacked¹³ the mobile phones of civilians.

以色列司法部没有发现任何证据表明警方绕过司法监督，侵入平民的手机。

Israel's attorney-general had ordered the investigation¹⁴ after a newspaper claimed the police spied on activists¹⁵, businessmen and politicians.

在一家报纸声称警方监视活动人士、商人和政客后，以色列总检察长下令进行调查。

A chemical explosion at a small-scale gold mine in Burkina Faso killed 59 people.

布基纳法索一座小规模金矿发生化学爆炸，造成59人死亡。

The number of artisanal and small gold mines in West Africa is growing rapidly, but few are regulated.

在西非，手工和小规模金矿的数量正在迅速增加，但很少有受到监管的。

Six African countries -- Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Tunisia -- will receive the technology needed to produce mRNA vaccines¹⁶ in a project established by the World Health Organisation¹⁷.

在世界卫生组织建立的一个项目中，六个非洲国家——埃及、肯尼亚、尼日利亚、塞内加尔、南非和突尼斯——将获得生产mRNA疫苗所需的技术。

Britain's prime minister, Boris Johnson, announced an end to all domestic Covid-19 restrictions¹⁸ in England, including self-isolation for the infected (except for health staff). Some rules on travel remain in force.

英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊宣布结束英国国内对新冠肺炎的所有限制，包括感染者的自我隔离（(医务人员除外）。关于旅行的一些规定仍然有效。

1 martial   

adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的

参考例句：

• The sound of martial music is always inspiring.军乐声总是鼓舞人心的。
• The officer was convicted of desertion at a court martial.这名军官在军事法庭上被判犯了擅离职守罪。

2 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

3 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

4 pipeline   

n.管道，管线

参考例句：

• The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 per cent of its crude oil.该管道供给约旦15%的原油。
• A single pipeline serves all the houses with water.一条单管路给所有的房子供水。

5 deliberately   

adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地

参考例句：

• The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
• They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。

6 invoked   

v.援引( invoke的过去式和过去分词 )；行使（权利等）；祈求救助；恳求

参考例句：

• It is unlikely that libel laws will be invoked. 不大可能诉诸诽谤法。
• She had invoked the law in her own defence. 她援引法律为自己辩护。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 deploying   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的现在分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Provides support for developing and deploying distributed, component-based applications. 为开发和部署基于组件的分布式应用程序提供支持。
• Advertisement, publishing, repair, and install-on-demand are all available when deploying your application. 在部署应用程序时提供公布、发布、修复和即需即装功能。

8 bolster   

n.枕垫；v.支持，鼓励

参考例句：

• The high interest rates helped to bolster up the economy.高利率使经济更稳健。
• He tried to bolster up their morale.他尽力鼓舞他们的士气。

9 interfere   

v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰

参考例句：

• If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话，可能弊多利少。
• When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件，棘手的事情就来了。

10 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

11 judicial   

adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的

参考例句：

• He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
• Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

12 oversight   

n.勘漏，失察，疏忽

参考例句：

• I consider this a gross oversight on your part.我把这件事看作是你的一大疏忽。
• Your essay was not marked through an oversight on my part.由于我的疏忽你的文章没有打分。

13 hacked   

生气

参考例句：

• I hacked the dead branches off. 我把枯树枝砍掉了。
• I'm really hacked off. 我真是很恼火。

14 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

15 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

17 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

18 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制