朗文3L看听学英语第四册 Lesson 53

　　Lesson 53 Television Day: Penicillin¹
TV Commentary:
If you leave a piece of bread in a warm damp place, mould will soon grow in it. When this happens, we say that bread "has gone mouldy". Mould can grow on all kinds of things besides food-on leather, clothing, even on wood. It grows from tiny spores³ which are in the air. Each spore² is like a little mushroom. If the conditions are right, a single spore can quickly spread and form a mould. It is extremely common and we have all noticed it.
In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming found that mould and killed some germs he was trying to grow in his laboratory. If he had not noticed this, the world would have lost one of the greatest discoveries of the century. Fleming called the substance "penicillin". Because penicillin can kill germs, doctors use it to treat diseases. It has saved millions of lives. Scientists grow enormous quantities of common mould so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics⁴, that is, substances that kill germs. Next time you see some mould on a piece of bread, remember that it is one of man's greatest friends!

1 penicillin   

n.青霉素，盘尼西林

参考例句：

• I should have asked him for a shot of penicillin.我应当让他给我打一针青霉素的。
• Penicillin was an extremely significant medical discovery.青霉素是极其重要的医学发现。

2 spore   

n.(无花植物借以繁殖的)孢子，芽胞

参考例句：

• A spore can quickly spread and form a mould.一个孢子能迅速蔓延并形成霉。
• The cation penetrates the spore.这种阳离子能透入孢子。

3 spores   

n.（细菌、苔藓、蕨类植物）孢子( spore的名词复数 )v.（细菌、苔藓、蕨类植物）孢子( spore的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Ferns, mosses and fungi spread by means of spores. 蕨类植物、苔藓和真菌通过孢子传播蔓生。
• Spores form a lipid membrane during the process of reproducing. 孢于在生殖过程中形成类脂膜。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 预防生物武器

4 antibiotics   

n.（用作复数）抗生素；（用作单数）抗生物质的研究；抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
• The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。