历年考研英语翻译mp3(1996)_在线英语听力室_免费在线英语听力学习网站

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[00:00.51]1996
[00:02.83]The differences in relative growth of various areas
[00:06.04]of scientific research have several causes.
[00:09.57](1)<Some of these causes
[00:10.88]are completely reasonable results of social needs.
[00:14.41]Others are reasonable consequences
[00:16.33]of particular advances in science
[00:19.55]being to some extent self-accelerating.>
[00:22.48]Some, however , are less reasonable processes
[00:25.51]of different growth in which preconception
[00:28.23]of the form scientific theory ought to take,
[00:31.16]by persons in authority,
[00:32.88]act to alter the growth pattern of different areas.
[00:36.38]This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable;
[00:40.20]but it is a frightening trend.
[00:42.42](2)<This trend began during the Second World War,
[00:45.35]when several governments came to the conclusion
[00:47.97]that the specific demands
[00:49.39]that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment
[00:53.31]cannot generally be foreseen in detail.>
[00:56.54]It can be predicted, however,
[00:58.66]that from time to time questions will arise
[01:01.38]which will require specific scientific answers.
[01:05.01]It is therefore generally valuable
[01:06.91]to treat the scientific establishment as a resource
[01:09.83]or machine to be kept in functional¹ order.
[01:13.04](3)<This seems mostly effectively done
[01:15.15]by supporting a certain amount of research
[01:17.47]not related to immediate⁴ goals
[01:19.49]but of possible consequence in the future.>
[01:21.81]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作
[01:22.51]This kind of support, like all government support,
[01:25.24]requires decisions about the appropriate recipients² of funds.
[01:29.47]Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack
[01:32.41]of utility are straightforward³.
[01:34.60]But a decision among projects
[01:36.35]none of which has immediate utility
[01:38.27]is more difficult.
[01:40.08]The goal of the supporting agencies
[01:41.99]is the praisable one of supporting "good"
[01:44.73]as opposed to "bad" science,
[01:46.75]but a valid⁵ determination is difficult to make.
[01:50.08]Generally, the idea of good science tends to become confused
[01:54.01]with the capacity of the field in question
[01:56.74]to generate an elegant theory.
[01:58.97](4)<However, the world is so made that elegant systems
[02:02.60]are in principle unable to deal
[02:04.61]with some of the world’s more fascinating
[02:06.38]and delightful aspects.>
[02:08.47](5)<New forms of thought as well as new subjects
[02:10.79]for thought must arise in the future
[02:13.01]as they have in the past,
[02:14.83]giving rise to new standards of elegance.>

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1 functional
adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的
参考例句：
The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。 The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。

2 recipients
adj.接受的；受领的；容纳的；愿意接受的n.收件人；接受者；受领者；接受器
参考例句：
The recipients of the prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者的姓名登在报上。来自《简明英汉词典》 The recipients of prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者名单登在报上。来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

3 straightforward
adj.正直的，坦率的；易懂的，简单的
参考例句：
A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech.巧言不如直说。 I must insist on your giving me a straightforward answer.我一定要你给我一个直截了当的回答。

4 immediate
adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的
参考例句：
His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。 We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

5 valid
adj.有确实根据的；有效的；正当的，合法的
参考例句：
His claim to own the house is valid.他主张对此屋的所有权有效。 Do you have valid reasons for your absence?你的缺席有正当理由吗？