历届美国总统简介：拉瑟福德·伯查德·海斯

拉瑟福德·伯查德·海斯（RutherfordBirchardHayes，1822年10月4日——1893年1月17日）是美国第 19任总统，生于俄亥俄州。南北战争时期，因军功屡次晋升，直至志愿军少将。战后开始政治生涯。两度当选国会议员，三度出任俄亥俄州州长，以“为人正直和办事有效率”著称。1876年大选中，因发生了美国历史上最大一次选票计算纠纷，海斯直至总统就职日前两天才被宣布为合法总统。任内努力改善内战后国内状况，取得了一些成就。他是第一个接见中国常驻使节的总统。

Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in Ohio in 1822. He was the 19th President of the United States. He studied at Harvard Law School and then worked as a lawyer for five years. In 1850, he moved to Cincinnati, where he flourished as a young Whig lawyer. He gained a healthy political reputation for defending fugitive¹ slaves and was nominated for several senior legal positions.

 

He fought in the Civil War, was wounded in action five times. He earned a reputation for bravery and rose to the rank of major general. While still in the Army, Cincinnati Republicans ran him for the House of Representatives. He accepted the nomination² and was elected by a heavy majority. Hayes entered Congress in December 1865. Between 1867 and 1876 he served three terms as Governor of Ohio.

 

In 1876, Hayes ran against Samuel J. Tilden in the closest election race in U.S. history. Disputes over the vote counting meant that if all the disputed votes went to Hayes, he would win; a single one would elect Tilden. Hayes was elected days before inauguration³ day after a compromise with the Democrats⁴ that he would remove all federal troops from the South. The final electoral vote was 185 to 184.

 

Hayes pledged protection of the rights of black slaves in the South. He hoped the withdrawal⁵ of troops there would lead to reconciliation⁶. Many Southern leaders approved of Hayes’ economic policies and financial conservatism. He reformed the civil service and saw the beginning of an era of greater prosperity. He left office in 1881 and died of a heart attack at his home in January 1893, aged⁷ 70.

 

1 fugitive   

adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者

参考例句：

• The police were able to deduce where the fugitive was hiding.警方成功地推断出那逃亡者躲藏的地方。
• The fugitive is believed to be headed for the border.逃犯被认为在向国境线逃窜。

2 nomination   

n.提名，任命，提名权

参考例句：

• John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。
• Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。

3 inauguration   

n.开幕、就职典礼

参考例句：

• The inauguration of a President of the United States takes place on January 20.美国总统的就职典礼于一月二十日举行。
• Three celebrated tenors sang at the president's inauguration.3位著名的男高音歌手在总统就职仪式上演唱。

4 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

6 reconciliation   

n.和解，和谐，一致

参考例句：

• He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.他忙于做夫妻间的调解工作。
• Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.他们的握手似乎是和解的表示。

7 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。