历届美国总统简介：西奥多·罗斯福

西奥多·罗斯福（英语：Theodore Roosevelt，1858.10.27—1919.1.6），又译狄奥多·罗斯福，人称老罗斯福，昵称泰迪（Teddy），美国军事家、政治家、外交家，第26任美国总统。曾任美国海军部副部长，参与美西战争，并在古巴的圣地亚哥战役中战功卓越，获得圣胡安山英雄的称号，1900年当选副总统。1901年总统威廉·麦金莱被无政府主义者刺杀身亡，他继任成为美国总统，时年42岁，是美国历史上最年轻的在任总统。他的独特个性和改革主义政策，使他成为美国历史上最伟大的总统之一。

西奥多·罗斯福在总统任期内，对国内的主要贡献是建立资源保护政策，保护了森林、矿物、石油等资源；建立公平交易法案，推动劳工与资本家和解。对外奉行门罗主义，实行扩张政策，建设强大军队，干涉美洲事务。罗斯福因成功地调停了日俄战争，获得1906年的诺贝尔和平奖，是第一个获得此奖项的美国人。1908年卸任后，西奥多·罗斯福与共和党意见有分歧，于是脱党，代表进步党参选总统，试图东山再起；但败于美国民主党的候选人伍德罗·威尔逊，从此退出政坛。

西奥多·罗斯福的远房堂侄富兰克林·罗斯福日后也当选为美国总统，故在中文环境里常称富兰克林·罗斯福为“小罗斯福”。2006年6月26日，他再次成为《时代》周刊的封面人物。西奥多·罗斯福被美国的权威期刊《大西洋月刊》评为影响美国的100位人物第15名。

 

Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt was the 26th President of America. He served for two terms between 1901 and 1909. He was born in 1858 in New York City. He was mostly home schooled because of ill health as a child. He graduated from Harvard (where he was a boxing champion) and in 1880 entered law school. He dropped out a year later to enter politics. He is often ranked as the greatest ever U.S. President.

 

During the Spanish-American War, Roosevelt was lieutenant¹ colonel of the Rough Rider Regiment², which he led on a charge at the battle of San Juan. His war-hero status prompted New York Republicans to nominate him as Governor to draw attention away from the state’s scandals. Roosevelt won the election and served with distinction for two years.

 

Roosevelt became Vice³ President in March 1901. Six months later, with the assassination⁴ of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, not quite 43, became the youngest President in the nation's history. He brought new excitement and power to the Presidency⁵ as he vigorously led Congress and the American public toward progressive reforms and a strong foreign policy.

 

As President, Roosevelt believed that the Government should play a greater role in the economy. He steered⁶ the U.S. more actively⁷ into world politics. He liked to quote a favorite proverb, "Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far." He won the Nobel Peace Prize for mediating⁸ the Russo-Japanese War. Some of his biggest achievements were in conserving⁹ America’s national parks. He died in 1919 aged¹⁰ 60.

 

 

1 lieutenant   

n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员

参考例句：

• He was promoted to be a lieutenant in the army.他被提升为陆军中尉。
• He prevailed on the lieutenant to send in a short note.他说动那个副官，递上了一张简短的便条进去。

2 regiment   

n.团，多数，管理；v.组织，编成团，统制

参考例句：

• As he hated army life,he decide to desert his regiment.因为他嫌恶军队生活，所以他决心背弃自己所在的那个团。
• They reformed a division into a regiment.他们将一个师整编成为一个团。

3 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

4 assassination   

n.暗杀；暗杀事件

参考例句：

• The assassination of the president brought matters to a head.总统遭暗杀使事态到了严重关头。
• Lincoln's assassination in 1865 shocked the whole nation.1865年，林肯遇刺事件震惊全美国。

5 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

6 steered   

v.驾驶( steer的过去式和过去分词 )；操纵；控制；引导

参考例句：

• He steered the boat into the harbour. 他把船开进港。
• The freighter steered out of Santiago Bay that evening. 那天晚上货轮驶出了圣地亚哥湾。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

8 mediating   

调停，调解，斡旋( mediate的现在分词 )； 居间促成； 影响…的发生； 使…可能发生

参考例句：

• So many factors are mediating. 如此众多的因素在起作用。
• The contrast in mediating noted in the sitting room. 客厅中注重了调和中的对比。

9 conserving   

v.保护，保藏，保存( conserve的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Contour planning with or without terracing is effective in conserving both soil and moisture. 顺等高线栽植，无论做或不做梯田对于保持水土都能有效。 来自辞典例句
• Economic savings, consistent with a conserving society and the public philosophy. 经济节约，符合创建节约型社会的公共理念。 来自互联网

10 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。