历届美国总统简介：哈里·S·杜鲁门

哈里·S·杜鲁门（英语：Harry¹ S.Truman，1884年5月8日－1972年12月26日），美国民主党政治家，第32任副总统（1945年），随后接替因病逝世的富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统，成为了第33任美国总统（1945年－1953年）。相比前任总统，杜鲁门支持度不算高，但他谨慎果断的性格令他得以面对险峻的国际情势时，可以克服许多艰巨挑战。他外交经验谈不上丰富，但在他任期内却制订了很多对后世影响深远的外交政策。比如，他批准对日本使用原子弹，签署联合国协议和北约协议，形成了美国其后数十年反对共产主义的国家政策——杜鲁门主义。他任期内，尽管出现很多产业纠纷、丑闻以及前苏联间谍案，导致杜鲁门声誉受损，最后只得放弃竞选连任，但今日的历史学者仍视他为最出色的美国总统之一。[1]  在美国有线电视频道邀请65位权威历史学家所作的调查中，杜鲁门位列最受爱戴的美国总统第五名。[2] 

Harry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States (1945-1953). Truman was born in Missouri in 1884 and grew up on his family’s farm. He went to France during World War I as a captain. Returning, he married Elizabeth Virginia Wallace, and opened a wool shop in Kansas City. Truman was the only president who served after 1897 without a college degree. His poor eyesight halted his studies.

 

Active in the Democratic Party, Truman was elected a judge of the Jackson County Court (an administrative² position) in 1922. He became a Senator in 1934. During World War II he headed the Senate war investigating committee, checking into waste and corruption³ and saved up to $15 billion and thousands of lives. His efforts put him on the cover of ‘Time’ magazine in 1943.

 

Truman became vice⁴ president in 1944. He succeeded to the presidency⁵ on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died. He told reporters, "I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me." As President, Truman made some of the most crucial decisions in history, including the nuclear attacks on Japan, the defense⁶ of Berlin against communism, and America’s entry into the Korean War.

 

In June 1945 Truman witnessed the signing of the charter of the United Nations and negotiated the alliance that became NATO. After WWII, he presented to Congress his “Fair Deal” to modernize⁷ the USA and introduce greater social welfare. He also oversaw⁸ the Marshall Plan, which brought economic recovery in war-torn Western Europe. He decided⁹ not to run for a third term. He died in 1972 aged¹⁰ 88.

 

1 harry   

vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼

参考例句：

• Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天，人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
• Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。

2 administrative   

adj.行政的，管理的

参考例句：

• The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
• He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

3 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

4 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

5 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

6 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

7 modernize   

vt.使现代化，使适应现代的需要

参考例句：

• It was their manifest failure to modernize the country's industries.他们使国家进行工业现代化，明显失败了。
• There is a pressing need to modernise our electoral system.我们的选举制度迫切需要现代化。

8 oversaw   

v.监督，监视( oversee的过去式 )

参考例句：

• He will go down as the president who oversaw two historic transitions. 他将作为见证了巴西两次历史性转变的总统，安然引退。 来自互联网
• Dixon oversaw the project as creative director of Design Research Studio. 狄克逊监督项目的创意总监设计研究工作室。 来自互联网

9 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

10 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。