美国学生历史 第7期:英格兰的开拓者(1)

 　　Chapter 3 第三章

　　Pioneers Of England 英格兰的开拓者

　　21. Sir John Hawkins. 21．约翰·霍金斯爵士

　　For many years after Cabot's voyage Englishmen were too busy at home to pay much attention to distant expeditions. 卡伯特的航海之后许多年，英国人一直忙于国内事务，无暇顾及长途远征的事。

　　But in Queen Elizabeth's time English seamen¹ began to sail to America. 但是，在伊丽莎白女王时代英国水手就开始向美洲进发，

　　The first of them to win a place in history was John Hawkins. 他们当中第一个在历史上写下一笔的是约翰·霍金斯，

　　He carried cargoes² of negro slaves from Africa to the West Indies and sold them to the Spanish planters. 此人将一些黑奴从非洲贩运到西印度群岛，将他们卖给西班牙的殖民者。

　　On his third voyage he was basely attacked by the Spaniards and lost four of his five ships. 他的第三次航海遭到西班牙人的重创，五艘船被毁掉四艘。

　　Returning home, he became one of the leading men of Elizabeth's little navy and fought most gallantly³ for his country. 返回英国后，他成为伊丽莎白的一名海军领导者，为其国家勇敢地战斗。

　　22. Sir Francis Drake. 22．弗朗西斯·德雷克爵士

　　A greater and a more famous man was Hawkins's cousin, Francis Drake. 一位更伟大更出名的英国人是霍金斯的堂兄弗朗西斯·德雷克，

　　He had been with Hawkins on his third voyage and had come to hate Spaniards most vigorously. 此人曾经随霍金斯完成第三次航海，对西班牙人恨之入骨。

　　In 1577 he made a famous voyage round the world. 1577年，德雷克在大海上完成了环游世界的壮举。

　　Steering⁴ through the Straits of Magellan, he plundered⁵ the Spanish towns on the western coasts of South America. 他穿过麦哲伦海峡，对南美洲西海岸的西班牙城镇实施掠夺。

　　At one place his sailors went on shore and found a man sound asleep. Near him were four bars of silver. 关于这次航海一位历史学家写道：一次，德雷克的水手走上岸发现一个男子在酣睡，男子的身边有四条银子，

　　"We took the silver and left the man," wrote the old historian of the voyage. “我们拿走了银子而没有理会这个男子”。

　　Drake also captured vessels⁶ loaded with gold and silver and pearls. 德雷克还捕获了一些载有黄金、白银和珍珠的船，

　　Sailing northward⁷, he repaired his ship, the Pelican⁸, on the coast of California, and returned home by the way of the Cape⁹ of Good Hope. 他们向北航行，在加利福尼亚湾修补他们的“鹈鹕”号船，然后经由好望角回到家。

1 seamen   

n.海员

参考例句：

• Experienced seamen will advise you about sailing in this weather. 有经验的海员会告诉你在这种天气下的航行情况。
• In the storm, many seamen wished they were on shore. 在暴风雨中，许多海员想，要是他们在陆地上就好了。

2 cargoes   

n.（船或飞机装载的）货物( cargo的名词复数 )；大量，重负

参考例句：

• This ship embarked cargoes. 这艘船装载货物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The crew lashed cargoes of timber down. 全体船员将木材绑牢。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 gallantly   

adv. 漂亮地，勇敢地，献殷勤地

参考例句：

• He gallantly offered to carry her cases to the car. 他殷勤地要帮她把箱子拎到车子里去。
• The new fighters behave gallantly under fire. 新战士在炮火下表现得很勇敢。

4 steering   

n.操舵装置

参考例句：

• He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration. 他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。
• Steering according to the wind, he also framed his words more amicably. 他真会看风使舵，口吻也马上变得温和了。

5 plundered   

掠夺，抢劫( plunder的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Many of our cultural treasures have been plundered by imperialists. 我国许多珍贵文物被帝国主义掠走了。
• The imperialists plundered many valuable works of art. 帝国主义列强掠夺了许多珍贵的艺术品。

6 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

7 northward   

adv.向北；n.北方的地区

参考例句：

• He pointed his boat northward.他将船驶向北方。
• I would have a chance to head northward quickly.我就很快有机会去北方了。

8 pelican   

n.鹈鹕，伽蓝鸟

参考例句：

• The pelican has a very useful beak.鹈鹕有一张非常有用的嘴。
• This pelican is expected to fully recover.这只鹈鹕不久就能痊愈。

9 cape   

n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风

参考例句：

• I long for a trip to the Cape of Good Hope.我渴望到好望角去旅行。
• She was wearing a cape over her dress.她在外套上披着一件披肩。