美国学生历史 第87期:最后一个联邦党政府(5)

　　224. Alien and Sedition¹ Acts, 1798. 224．《客籍法案》和《惩治煽动叛乱法案》（1798年）

　　The Federalists, even if they had been united, would probably have been defeated in the election of 1800. 即使所有联邦党人团结起来也不可能赢得1800年大选，

　　For they had misused² their power to pass several very foolish laws. 因为他们已经误用他们的权力通过了几部十分愚蠢的法案。

　　The first of these laws was the Naturalization Act. 这些法规中第一部是《移民和国籍法案》，

　　It lengthened³ the time of residence in the United States from five to fourteen years before a foreign immigrant could gain the right to vote. 它将外国移民在美国获得投票权的条件由在美国居住5年延长到14年，

　　This law bore very harshly on the Republicans, because most of the immigrants were Republicans. 这部法案对共和党人影响颇大，因为大部分移民都是共和党人。

　　Other laws, called the Alien Acts, were also aimed at the Republican immigrants. 还有一些法规，如《客籍法案》也针对共和党的移民，

　　These laws gave the President power to compel immigrants to leave the United States, or to live in certain places that he named. 这些法规给总统权力迫使移民或者离开美国，或者在总统指定的地方居住。

　　The worst law of all was the Sedition Act. This was aimed against the writers and printers of Republican newspapers. 最为糟糕的法律是《惩治煽动叛乱法案》，这部法规针对共和党报纸的出版商和作者，

　　It provided that any one who attacked the government in the press should be severely⁴ punished as a seditious person. 它规定，如果有人在新闻界攻击政府，他将被作为一个煽动言论者受到严厉惩罚。

　　Several trials were held under this law. 根据这部法规审理了几个案子，

　　Every trial made hundreds of persons determined⁵ to vote for the Republican candidate at the next election. 每一次审判都招来数以百计的人决定在下一届选举中投票给共和党人。 

1 sedition   

n.煽动叛乱

参考例句：

• Government officials charged him with sedition.政府官员指控他煽动人们造反。
• His denial of sedition was a denial of violence.他对煽动叛乱的否定又是对暴力的否定。

2 misused   

v.使用…不当( misuse的过去式和过去分词 )；把…派作不正当的用途；虐待；滥用

参考例句：

• He misused his dog shamefully. 他可耻地虐待自己的狗。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He had grossly misused his power. 他严重滥用职权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 lengthened   

（时间或空间）延长，伸长( lengthen的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The afternoon shadows lengthened. 下午影子渐渐变长了。
• He wanted to have his coat lengthened a bit. 他要把上衣放长一些。

4 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

5 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。