新概念英语第二册lesson 30 Football or polo?

  Lesson 30:Football or polo?  足球还是水球？

    First listen and then answer the question.
    听录音，然后回答以下问题。
    What happened to the man in the boat?
 
    The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. The ball struck¹ him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.

New words and expressions² 生词和短语

polo  n. 水球
Wayle  n. 威尔（河名）
cut  v. 穿过
row  v. 划（船）
kick  v. 踢
towards  prep. 朝，向
nearly  adv. 几乎
sight  n. 眼界，视域

参考译文

    威尔河是横穿过我家附近公园的一条小河。我喜欢在天气晴朗的下午到河边坐坐。上星期日天气很暖和。于是我和往常一样，又去河边坐着。河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍，河面上有些人正在划船。突然，一个孩子狠狠地踢了一脚球，球便向着一只划过来的小船飞去。岸上的一些人对着小船上的人高喊，但他没有听见。球重重地打在他身上，使他差点儿落入水中。我转过头去看那些孩子，但一个也不见，全都跑了！当那个人明白了发生的事情时，笑了起来。他大声叫着那些孩子，把球扔回到岸上。

新概念英语正版图书购买

 

　　自学导读
1．The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. 威尔河是横穿过我家附近公园的一条小河。
在这句话中，that引导的定语从句修饰 a small river，关系代词that在从句中作主语。地点状语 near my home修饰 the park。
2．I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. 我喜欢在天气晴朗的下午到河边坐坐。
（1）by在此处表示“在……旁边／近旁”。
（2）afternoon为复数形式，表示经常性的情况，因此谓语为一般现在时。由于afternoon前面有修饰词，因此要用介词on。
morning，evening与它的用法一致。试比较：
3．…it went towards a passing boat.……球便向着一只划过来的小船飞去。
（1）go在此处不是指人“走”，而是指球“行进”。
（2）passing为现在分词，作定语，表示“经过的”、“划过来的”，如a passing plane（一架飞过的飞机）。
4．Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat…岸上的一些人对着小船上的人高喊……
call out表示“大声呼叫”、“叫喊”，比call语气要重：
I heard someone calling out for help.
我听到有人在大声呼救。
Mary called out to her father, but he was too far away and couldn't hear her.
玛丽对着她的父亲高喊，但他离得太远了，听不到她的喊叫。
5．The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.
球重重地打在他身上，使他差点儿落入水中。
so +形容词+that通常引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”：
The book was so interesting that I read it in two hours.
这本书如此有趣，我两个小时就把它看完了。
The box is so heavy that I can't lift it without your help.
这箱子太重了，以至于没有你的帮助我无法把它举起来。
这个结构也可以用于so +副词+that从句结构：
He ran so quickly that no one could catch up with him.
他跑得非常快，没人能赶上他。
It rained so hard that we couldn't go out.
雨下得很大，我们无法出去。
在口语中，引导词that往往可以省略。
6．I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight…我转过头去看那些孩子，但一个也不见……
（1）any代替 any children。
（2） in sight表示“看得见”、“在视野之内”，反义词为 out of sight：
No bus is in sight.
看不见任何公共汽车。
Mary came in sight when I was waiting for Lucy.
我等露西的时候，玛丽出现了。
In the afternoon, we came in sight of the village.
下午时，我们见到了那座村庄。
George left the store and was soon out of sight.
乔治离开了那商店，不久便不见了。

　　语法 Grammar in use
a，the，some与any的用法
在第6课的语法中，我们学习了a，the和some的一些基本用法。与some意义相近的另一个单词是any，它们都表示“一些”。some通常用于肯定句：
There are some eggs in the fridge.
冰箱里有些鸡蛋。
There is some milk in the fridge.
冰箱里有些牛奶。
any通常用于否定句和疑问句中：
There isn't any meat in the fridge.
冰箱里没肉了。
但是，在疑问句中如果所期望的回答是肯定的，则可以用some：
我们已经知道，在姓名、地名、国名（非复合词）前面通常不加任何冠词。但是，在特指的海洋、河流、山脉以及部分复合词形式的国名前，一定要用定冠词the：
He came from the United³ States of America.
他来自美国。
John lives in London which is on the Thames.
约翰住在泰晤士河畔的伦敦。
在表示世界上独一无二的东西时，通常要加定冠词the：The moon is very pale tonight.
今晚月光很朦胧。
The sun is bright today.
今天阳光明媚。
在 such后面用 a/an，可以起强调作用：

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．cut
（1）vt．，vi．切，割，剪：
Would you please cut the cake in half?
请把蛋糕切成两半好吗？
I read this story in the paper this morning and cut it out for you.
今天上午我在报纸上读到这个故事便给你剪下来了。
（2）vt．割破，划破：
He shaved⁴ hurriedly this morning and cut himself badly.
他今天早上匆匆忙忙地刮脸，刮破了不少地方。
（3）vi．横穿，穿越（介词用 across/through）：
The Wayle cuts across a park.
威尔河横穿过一个公园。
The road cuts across/through the forest.
这条路穿过森林。
2．row
（1）vt．，vi．划船：
Have you ever learned⁵ to row (a boat)?
你学过划船吗？
John rowed across the lake quickly.
约翰很快划到了湖那边。
（2）vt．划船载运：
Can you row me up/across the river?
你能划船将我送到河的上游／对岸吗？
He rowed her home.
他划船把她送回家。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
C 1 Yes, I took some (photographs). No, I didn't take any (photographs).
2 Yes, I bought some (bread). No, I didn't buy any (bread).
3 Yes, I saw some (people). No, I didn't see any (people).
D 1 Refrigerators are necessary in hot countries.
2 Which river is the longest, the Nile, the Amazon, or the Mississippi?
3 Heyerdahl crossed the Pacific⁶ on a raft⁷.
4 Why is Britain sometimes called the United Kingdom⁸?
5 We sailed⁹ up the Red Sea and then went through the Suez Canal¹⁰.
2．多项选择题答案
1a  2a  3d  4a  5b  6c
7c  8c  9d  10a  11d  12d

　　New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★polo　n. 水球
★Wayle　n. 威尔（河名）
★cut　v. 穿过
cut oneself¹¹
cut one's hair
cut(down) the tree
cut the head off
cut of electricity¹²
cut sth.into pieces
cut across：直着穿过
cut a corner：走捷径
★row　v. 划（船）
go boating¹³ 去划船
★kick　v. 踢
kickback¹⁴：回扣，佣金
kick upstairs：明升暗降
★towards　prep. 朝，向
★nearly　adv. 几乎
★sight　n. 眼界，视域
catch sight of 看见
out of sight：在视线之外
in sight：在视线之内
Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦
long sighted /short sighted 目光长远，远视眼/目光短浅，近视

　　【课文讲解】
by the river
like doing 习惯性地
like to do 一次性地
afternoon+s表示“每逢”
as usual
There be+sb.+doing
call out：大声喊
call out to
so...that... 如此...以至于...
so 的后面要加形容词或副词
there weren't any in sight
there was something in sight

Composition】
blew吹/take out拿出/and/reach 够得着（catch接住）
but/so/jump自己跳（fall 掉进去)/and

Summary writing 】
4. The man in the boat neither saw the ball nor heard people
shouting.
6.However,the man was not angry and he threw the ball back to the bank.
but 连接两个句子，中间可以用逗号隔开
however 只是副词，它只是表示意思上的转折，它可以方在句首，也可以放在句中，只是一个逗号把它和其它的词隔开就可以。

Key structures】
some在表示邀请的问句中取代any
Exercises D Put in a or the where necessary
1.不填
refrigerator 冰箱
necessary 必要的
2. the the the the
Nile尼罗河　　　Amazon　亚马逊河
Missisippi　密西西比河
3.the　a
the Atlantic¹⁵ 大西洋
raft 木筏子
4. \the
如果以单个的词作为国家，基本上不加the,比方说China,America,
Britain,一旦这个词成为缩略形式，前面就要加the
5.the　the
和运河相连介词用though.

Multiple choice questions】
4.
round：围绕
along：沿着
across the grass　　across　用于从...的表面上穿过
through the trees　 through 用于从...的内部穿过
over 在...上方，　与下面没有接触面
over the bridge,over the mountains,over the hill
over 在用于穿越讲时，表示穿过弧形
go through the market 穿过市场
7. C
10.A
hear sb.doing
I heard my sister singing.
I heard two boys talking.

1 struck   

adj.因罢工而关闭的；被某人/某物打动的；迷恋某人/某物的；（惊得或吓得等）目瞪口呆的v.打( strike的过去式和过去分词 )；击；敲响；报时

参考例句：

• His arm was a rapid blur of movement as he struck. 他出击时胳膊快速一晃，令人眼花缭乱。
• He struck him with a mighty blow across his shoulder. 他猛一下砸在他的肩膀上。

2 expressions   

n.表情( expression的名词复数 )；表示；（数学）表达式；词

参考例句：

• ritualized expressions of grief 以例行的方式表达悲伤
• The fashionable remarks of today often become the commonplace expressions of tomorrow. 今天的时髦话往往变成明天的陈词滥调。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 united   

adj.和谐的；团结的；联合的，统一的

参考例句：

• The whole nation is closely united.全国人民紧密团结。
• The two men were united by community of interests.共同的利益使两个人结合在一起。

4 shaved   

n.剃过的v.（用剃刀）刮（胡须等），为（某人）剃毛发( shave的过去式和过去分词 )；刨（木头等）；削；掠过

参考例句：

• They had to obey the decree that beards be shaved off. 他们只得服从剃光胡须的法令。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The car just shaved the wall while it was cornering. 汽车在拐弯时恰好擦过墙边。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 learned   

adj.有学问的，博学的；learn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
• In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里，他被视为有学问的人。

6 pacific   

adj.和解的，平静的；[P-]太平洋的；n.[the P -]太平洋

参考例句：

• China lies on the east of the Pacific.中国位于太平洋东部。
• He is serving on a warship in the Pacific.他在太平洋海域的一艘军舰上服役。

7 raft   

vi.乘筏；n.木筏

参考例句：

• I lay on the raft in the sun until I was dry.我在阳光下躺在木排上，一直到全身都干了。
• She spent seven days afloat on a raft.她在一只木筏上漂泊了七天。

8 kingdom   

n.王国，天国，领域，界

参考例句：

• China is called the kingdom of bicycles.中国被称为自行车王国。
• Your kingdom is small and weak.你的王国很弱小。

9 sailed   

v.驾驶( sail的过去式和过去分词 )；起航；坐船旅行；掠

参考例句：

• The ship, with the help of radar, sailed in thick fog. 船借助于雷达在浓雾中航行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The captain sailed his ship through the narrow channel. 船长驾驶他的船穿过了狭窄的航道。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 canal   

n.运河；水道；管；沟渠；vt.开运河

参考例句：

• South America is joined to North America by a canal.南美洲和北美洲由一条运河连在一起。
• The ship is sailing towards Europe through the Suez Canal.这条船正通过苏伊士运河驶往欧洲。

11 oneself   

pron.[反身代词]自己；亲自，本人

参考例句：

• If one wants to learn it,one must do it oneself.要想学会它就得亲自去做。
• It is not good to think only of oneself.只为自己着想是不好的。

12 electricity   

n.电；电学

参考例句：

• This room is lighted by electricity.这个房间用电照明。
• We use electricity to run machines.我们使用电力来运行机器。

13 boating   

n.划船

参考例句：

• They were fond of boating.他们喜欢划船。
• The lovely river itself was ideal for fishing and boating.这条美丽的河流本身就宜于钓鱼和划船。

14 kickback   

n.酬金；佣金，回扣

参考例句：

• Mike got a kickback from a merchant.麦克从商人那里得到了回扣。
• The company had to kickback a lot to the corrupt officer.这家公司必须给腐败的政府官员很大一笔佣金。

15 Atlantic   

adj.大西洋的；n.大西洋

参考例句：

• Who was the first person to fly the Atlantic?谁是飞越大西洋的第一人？
• The ship sailed across the Atlantic.这艘船曾横渡大西洋。