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新概念英语第四册Lesson 31 The sculptor speaks

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Lesson 31
The sculptor1 speaks
雕塑家的语言

First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音,然后回答以下问题。

What do you have to be able to do to appreciate sculpture?

Appreciation2 of sculpture depends upon the ability to respond to form in there dimension. That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts; certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions. Many more people are 'form-blind' than colour-blind. The child learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths. Later, for its personal safety and practical needs, it has to develop (partly by means of touch) the ability to judge roughly three-dimensonal distances. But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further. Though they may attain3 considerable accuracy in the perception of flat from, they do no make the further. Though they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat form, they do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to comprehend form in its full spatial4 existence.
This is what the sculptor must do. He must strive continually to think of, and use, form in its full spatial completeness. He gets the solid shape, as it were, inside his head-he thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand. He mentally visualizes6 a complex form from all round itself; he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like, he identifies himself with its centre of gravity, its mass, its weight; he realizes its volume, as the space that the shape displaces in the air.
And the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as description or reminiscence. He must, for example, perceive an egg as a simple single solid shape, quite apart from its significance as food, or from the literary idea that it will become a bird. And so with solids such as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole7, a mushroom, a mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark8, a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone. From these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms of combinations of several forms.
HENRY MOORE The Sculptor Speaks from The Listener

New words and expressions 生词和短语
colour-blind
adj. 色盲的
perception
n. 知觉
comprehend
v. 理解
spatial
adj. 空间
visualize5
v. 使具形象,设想
reminiscence
n. 回忆,联想
tadpole
n. 蝌蚪
mushroom
n. 蘑菇
carrot
n. 胡萝卜
bud
n. 花蕾
lark
n. 云雀
ladybird
n. 瓢虫
bulrush
n. 芦苇

参考译文
对雕塑的鉴赏力取决于对立体的反应能力。雕塑被说成是所有艺术中最难的艺术,可能就是这个道理。欣赏雕塑品当然比欣赏平面的艺术品要难。“形盲”的人数比“色盲”的人数要多得多。正在学看东西的儿童起初只会分辨二维形态,不会判断距离和深度。慢慢地,由于自身安全和实际需要,儿童必须发展(部分通过触觉)粗略判断三维空间距离的能力。但是。大部分人在满足了实际需要后,就不再继续发展这种能力了。虽然他们对平面形的感觉能达到相当准确的程度,但他们没有在智力和感情上进一步努力去理解存在于空间的整个形态。
而雕塑家就必须做到这一点。他必须勤于想像并且利用形体在空间中的完整性。可以说,当他想像一个物体时,不管其大小如何,他脑子里得到的是一个立体的概念,就好像完全握在自己手心里一样。他的大脑能从物体周围的各个角度勾画出其复杂的形象,他看物体的一边时,便知道另一边是个什么样子。他把自身和物体重心、质量、重量融为一体。他能意识到物体的体积,那就是它的形状有空气中所占的空间。
因此,敏锐的雕塑观赏者也必须学会把形体作为形体来感觉,不要靠描述和印象去想象。以鸟蛋为例。观赏者必须感觉到它是一个单一的实体形态,而完全不靠它的食用意义或它会变成鸟这样的文字概念来感觉。对于其他实体,如,贝壳、核桃、李子、梨子、蝌蚪、蘑菇、山峰、肾脏、胡萝卜、树干、鸟儿、花蕾、云雀、瓢虫、芦苇以及骨头也应这样来感觉。从这些形体出发,观赏者可进一步观察更为复杂的形体或若干形体的组合。

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1 sculptor 8Dyz4     
n.雕刻家,雕刻家
参考例句:
  • A sculptor forms her material.雕塑家把材料塑造成雕塑品。
  • The sculptor rounded the clay into a sphere.那位雕塑家把黏土做成了一个球状。
2 appreciation Pv9zs     
n.评价;欣赏;感谢;领会,理解;价格上涨
参考例句:
  • I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to you all.我想对你们所有人表达我的感激和谢意。
  • I'll be sending them a donation in appreciation of their help.我将送给他们一笔捐款以感谢他们的帮助。
3 attain HvYzX     
vt.达到,获得,完成
参考例句:
  • I used the scientific method to attain this end. 我用科学的方法来达到这一目的。
  • His painstaking to attain his goal in life is praiseworthy. 他为实现人生目标所下的苦功是值得称赞的。
4 spatial gvcww     
adj.空间的,占据空间的
参考例句:
  • This part of brain judges the spatial relationship between objects.大脑的这部分判断物体间的空间关系。
  • They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他们说时间是空间位移的感觉。
5 visualize yeJzsZ     
vt.使看得见,使具体化,想象,设想
参考例句:
  • I remember meeting the man before but I can't visualize him.我记得以前见过那个人,但他的样子我想不起来了。
  • She couldn't visualize flying through space.她无法想像在太空中飞行的景象。
6 visualizes 356321af334f008c12fb9728bbeeff5a     
在脑中使(某人或某物)形象化,设想,想像( visualize的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • He mentally visualizes a complex form all round itself. 他在脑海里从形体的各个方面来模拟复杂的形体。
  • He is much older, but do you think he visualizes scenarios, exchanges? 他年纪大很多你对他可有想入非非?
7 tadpole GIvzw     
n.[动]蝌蚪
参考例句:
  • As a tadpole changes into a frog,its tail is gradually absorbed.蝌蚪变成蛙,它的尾巴就逐渐被吸收掉。
  • It was a tadpole.Now it is a frog.它过去是蝌蚪,现在是一只青蛙。
8 lark r9Fza     
n.云雀,百灵鸟;n.嬉戏,玩笑;vi.嬉戏
参考例句:
  • He thinks it cruel to confine a lark in a cage.他认为把云雀关在笼子里太残忍了。
  • She lived in the village with her grandparents as cheerful as a lark.她同祖父母一起住在乡间非常快活。
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