美国国家公共电台 NPR Less Waste, More Taste: A Master Chef Reimagines Thanksgiving Leftovers

Less Waste, More Taste: A Master Chef Reimagines Thanksgiving Leftovers²

ARI SHAPIRO, HOST:

Food waste is a huge global problem, starting with our own refrigerators. Over this Thanksgiving week, Americans will throw out almost 200 million pounds of turkey alone. So before you toss that bird, listen up. We invited one of the world's great chefs to NPR to help us figure out what to do with holiday leftovers. NPR's Maria Godoy reports.

MARIA GODOY, BYLINE³: Massimo Bottura is a rockstar in the food world. His restaurant in Italy has three Michelin stars. But right now he's in the kitchen of NPR's cafeteria, rummaging⁴ through a compost bin⁵.

MASSIMO BOTTURA: I found something very interesting, you know, like, onion peels and celery.

GODOY: And giving our cooks a hard time.

BOTTURA: You threw it out, you know? She threw it out.

UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: No, I put it in...

BOTTURA: My stuff. Oh, come on. Come on.

GODOY: A recent survey in three U.S. cities found the average American tosses out 2.5 pounds of perfectly⁶ edible⁷ food each week. At the top of the list - produce and leftovers.

BOTTURA: The leftover¹ is a big problem if you don't have a vision, if you don't have the knowledge of what you can do.

GODOY: Bottura's vision for our Thanksgiving leftovers is a traditional Italian pasta served in broth⁸. It's called...

BOTTURA: Passatelli (speaking Italian).

GODOY: To make passatelli you'll need a turkey carcass, leftover bread, eggs and nutmeg. The full recipe is at npr.org. As for the rest, it depends on what you have on hand. Bottura takes the scraps⁹ he found in our compost bin - celery, parsley, an onion chopped roughly, skin and all, even the leafy green tops of carrots. He places them on a baking sheet alongside turkey bones and puts it in the oven.

BOTTURA: Oh, my God. This is - this smells delicious.

GODOY: We cover them in a big pot with water and add more veggie scraps and a parmesan cheese rind. Bottura says it called to him from the fridge.

BOTTURA: Use me. Use me. Touch my soul. And it's going to be incredibly important in the broth.

GODOY: While the broth heats, it's time for bread crumbs¹⁰. Take those stale rolls from Thanksgiving and grind them up. Bottura does this with a glass bottle to get a finer texture¹¹.

BOTTURA: My grandmother could see me doing this now in Washington, she would laugh.

GODOY: The bread crumbs go into a bowl with eggs, some grated parmesan and nutmeg. Bottura kneads it all into a dough¹², then squeezes it through a ricer to make thick noodles. You can also roll it by hand like gnocchi. By now our broth is ready, so we plop in the noodles and raise the heat to high. Once it reaches a boil...

BOTTURA: The pasta is ready. Here we go.

GODOY: It's delicious, warm, hearty¹³ - perfect for a cold fall day.

BOTTURA: Costs? Food costs? Nothing. Emotion? A lot.

GODOY: The cost of not eating our leftovers, on the other hand, is big for our wallets and the planet.

DANA GUNDERS: The average household of four is wasting about $1,800 annually¹⁴ on food that they buy and then just never wind up eating.

GODOY: That's Dana Gunders of the Natural Resources Defense¹⁵ Council.

GUNDERS: Households are actually the biggest contributor to the amount of food going to waste across the country, more than grocery stores or restaurants or any other sector¹⁶.

GODOY: And as food sits in landfills decomposing¹⁷, it releases methane¹⁸, a powerful greenhouse gas. But Gunders says changing our habits at home really can make a difference. Back in the kitchen, Massimo Bottura says fighting food waste means teaching home chefs to be more creative. His new cookbook, "Bread Is Gold," is full of recipes and tips for home chefs to improvise¹⁹ with whatever's in the fridge.

BOTTURA: This is a mission, you know? Cooking is an act of love. And so if you can transfer that to people, you can change the world.

GODOY: Changing the world one leftover meal at a time. Maria Godoy, NPR News.

1 leftover   

n.剩货，残留物，剩饭；adj.残余的

参考例句：

• These narrow roads are a leftover from the days of horse-drawn carriages.这些小道是从马车时代沿用下来的。
• Wonder if that bakery lets us take leftover home.不知道那家糕饼店会不会让我们把卖剩的带回家。

2 leftovers   

n.剩余物，残留物，剩菜

参考例句：

• He can do miracles with a few kitchen leftovers.他能用厨房里几样剩饭做出一顿美餐。
• She made supper from leftovers she had thrown together.她用吃剩的食物拼凑成一顿晚饭。

3 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

4 rummaging   

翻找，搜寻( rummage的现在分词 )； 海关检查

参考例句：

• She was rummaging around in her bag for her keys. 她在自己的包里翻来翻去找钥匙。
• Who's been rummaging through my papers? 谁乱翻我的文件来着？

5 bin   

n.箱柜；vt.放入箱内；[计算机] DOS文件名:二进制目标文件

参考例句：

• He emptied several bags of rice into a bin.他把几袋米倒进大箱里。
• He threw the empty bottles in the bin.他把空瓶子扔进垃圾箱。

6 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

7 edible   

n.食品，食物；adj.可食用的

参考例句：

• Edible wild herbs kept us from dying of starvation.我们靠着野菜才没被饿死。
• This kind of mushroom is edible,but that kind is not.这种蘑菇吃得，那种吃不得。

8 broth   

n.原(汁)汤(鱼汤、肉汤、菜汤等)

参考例句：

• Every cook praises his own broth.厨子总是称赞自己做的汤。
• Just a bit of a mouse's dropping will spoil a whole saucepan of broth.一粒老鼠屎败坏一锅汤。

9 scraps   

油渣

参考例句：

• Don't litter up the floor with scraps of paper. 不要在地板上乱扔纸屑。
• A patchwork quilt is a good way of using up scraps of material. 做杂拼花布棉被是利用零碎布料的好办法。

10 crumbs   

int. (表示惊讶)哎呀 n. 碎屑 名词crumb的复数形式

参考例句：

• She stood up and brushed the crumbs from her sweater. 她站起身掸掉了毛衣上的面包屑。
• Oh crumbs! Is that the time? 啊，天哪！都这会儿啦？

11 texture   

n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理

参考例句：

• We could feel the smooth texture of silk.我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地。
• Her skin has a fine texture.她的皮肤细腻。

12 dough   

n.生面团；钱，现款

参考例句：

• She formed the dough into squares.她把生面团捏成四方块。
• The baker is kneading dough.那位面包师在揉面。

13 hearty   

adj.热情友好的；衷心的；尽情的，纵情的

参考例句：

• After work they made a hearty meal in the worker's canteen.工作完了，他们在工人食堂饱餐了一顿。
• We accorded him a hearty welcome.我们给他热忱的欢迎。

14 annually   

adv.一年一次，每年

参考例句：

• Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
• They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。

15 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

16 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

17 decomposing   

腐烂( decompose的现在分词 )； （使）分解； 分解（某物质、光线等）

参考例句：

• The air was filled with the overpowering stench of decomposing vegetation. 空气中充满了令人难以忍受的腐烂植物的恶臭。
• Heat was obtained from decomposing manures and hot air flues. 靠肥料分解和烟道为植物提供热量。

18 methane   

n.甲烷，沼气

参考例句：

• The blast was caused by pockets of methane gas that ignited.爆炸是由数袋甲烷气体着火引起的。
• Methane may have extraterrestrial significance.甲烷具有星际意义。

19 improvise   

v.即兴创作；临时准备，临时凑成

参考例句：

• If an actor forgets his words，he has to improvise.演员要是忘记台词，那就只好即兴现编。
• As we've not got the proper materials,we'll just have to improvise.我们没有弄到合适的材料，只好临时凑合了。