美国国家公共电台 NPR Who Will Decide On The Dalai Lama's Successor — His Supporters Or Beijing?

Who Will Decide On The Dalai Lama's Successor — His Supporters Or Beijing?

LULU GARCIA-NAVARRO, HOST:

And now to the snowy Himalayas, where an international drama is playing out over the soul of one elderly man - the Dalai Lama. Tibetan Buddhists² believe their spiritual leader will be reincarnated³ when he dies, but where and when? And what will China have to say about it? NPR's Lauren Frayer reports from the Dalai Lama's home in exile in northern India.

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON: (Vocalizing).

LAUREN FRAYER, BYLINE⁴: Thousands of Buddhists from all over the world made pilgrimage this fall to Dharamshala, India. There were bald monks⁵ in orange robes and Tibetan dancers in silver headdresses, all singing prayers for the longevity⁶ of the Dalai Lama.

UNIDENTIFIED PEOPLE: (Vocalizing).

FRAYER: He sits cross-legged atop a throne, chanting in the monastery⁷ where he's lived for 60 years since fleeing a Chinese crackdown in his native Tibet.

(SOUNDBITE OF CHANTING)

FRAYER: Tourists also crowd in to catch a glimpse of the 84-year-old Dalai Lama while they still can. He was hospitalized earlier this year with a chest infection and has scaled back public audiences.

Alicia Goldsworthy is from England.

ALICIA GOLDSWORTHY: When he first came out, I started to cry. To be here to see the Dalai Lama is something really amazing that I'll remember for the rest of my life.

FRAYER: This is the 14th Dalai Lama, the same being, faithful believe, that's been reincarnated for more than 600 years. Before he dies, he's supposed to tell aids where to look for a child who will next embody⁸ his essence. But China, which controls the Dalai Lama's native Tibet, says that's its job now.

NORBU DONDRUP: (Speaking Mandarin).

FRAYER: Norbu Dondrup, an official from the Chinese government, told reporters this spring that the Dalai Lama lost all authority when he left Tibet 60 years ago. Once he dies, China says it gets to identify his successor. The Dalai Lama has been vague about his plans. He says he might be reincarnated as a man or woman, adult or child, maybe here in India or maybe not at all. But one thing is clear, he told reporters back in 2011.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

DALAI LAMA: As far as my own rebirth is concerned, the final authority is myself, no one else - and obviously not Chinese communist (laughter).

FRAYER: It's difficult to gauge⁹ how all Tibetans feel about this. The vast majority - more than 6 million of them - still live under Chinese control. China bombards their monasteries¹⁰ with propaganda. Many have been arrested for hanging the Dalai Lama's portrait or communicating with exiles. Tibetans abroad - about 100,000 of them are here in India - fiercely oppose the idea that China's atheist¹¹ Communists might choose their next spiritual leader.

TSEWANG GYALPO ARYA: We are very much worried. Where is the Buddhism¹²? Where is spiritualism, then?

FRAYER: Tsewang Gyalpo Arya is spokesman for the Tibetan government in exile. He worries the world could end up with two Dalai Lamas, one identified by China and another by Tibetans in exile. It's happened before. In 1995, a 6-year-old Tibetan boy was recognized as the reincarnation of another Buddhist¹ holy man, the Panchen Lama. Days later, China detained him, and he hasn't been heard from since. Beijing named a replacement¹³, whom exiles refused to recognize. Arya supports legislation currently before U.S. Congress that would sanction any Chinese official who interferes¹⁴ in the Dalai Lama's succession.

ARYA: International community should take interest in these things because we cannot let China go on bullying¹⁵ other peoples. It's not only about the Buddhism. In Christianity, in Islam, also, they have been repressing everything.

FRAYER: He's talking about China's repression¹⁶ of Uighur Muslims and its efforts to vet¹⁷ Catholic clergy¹⁸ there.

(SOUNDBITE OF WOOD CARVING)

FRAYER: Downhill from the Dalai Lama's monastery, Tibetan woodcarvers are at work. One of the first things the Dalai Lama did when he fled to India was establish workshops here for Tibetan crafts and music to keep the culture alive in exile.

(SOUNDBITE OF WOOD CARVING)

FRAYER: So these are carvings¹⁹ of the Buddha²⁰.

SHAKIA TSIRING: Yes, yes - mostly used in a monasteries, yes, yes.

FRAYER: Are you Tibetan?

TSIRING: Yes. Yes, ma'am - born in India.

FRAYER: Yeah.

TSIRING: My grandparents - maybe they were born in Tibet.

FRAYER: Shakia Tsiring is two generations removed from Tibet. The Dalai Lama is his only link. And once his holiness is gone, he's not sure what will happen.

AMITABH MATHUR: Yes, there will be fracturing.

FRAYER: Amitabh Mathur has advised the Indian government on Tibetan affairs. He says there are actually four schools of Tibetan Buddhist thought. The Dalai Lama heads just one. And the others are loyal to him, but that hasn't always been the case.

MATHUR: The Tibetans themselves were never completely united in the past. I think the Chinese will manipulate these differences to make them divisions.

UNIDENTIFIED PEOPLE: (Singing in foreign language).

FRAYER: At the Dalai Lama's monastery, as faithful pray for his longevity, 89-year-old Pemba Wangdu rests on a stone bench. He grew up in Tibet, where he says he did prison time for being a follower²¹ of the Dalai Lama. He escaped to India 40 years ago, he says.

PEMBA WANGDU: (Foreign language spoken).

FRAYER: "If his holiness leaves this world without certainty about what comes next," he says, "there will be trouble."

Lauren Frayer, NPR News, at the Dalai Lama's monastery in Dharamshala, India.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

1 Buddhist   

adj./n.佛教的，佛教徒

参考例句：

• The old lady fell down in adoration before Buddhist images.那老太太在佛像面前顶礼膜拜。
• In the eye of the Buddhist,every worldly affair is vain.在佛教徒的眼里，人世上一切事情都是空的。

2 Buddhists   

n.佛教徒( Buddhist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Jesuits in a phase of ascendancy, persecuted and insulted the Buddhists with great acrimony. 处于地位上升阶段的耶稣会修士迫害佛教徒，用尖刻的语言辱骂他们。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史
• The return of Saivite rule to central Java had brought no antagonism between Buddhists and Hindus. 湿婆教在中爪哇恢复统治后，并没有导致佛教徒与印度教徒之间的对立。 来自辞典例句

3 reincarnated   

v.赋予新形体，使转世化身( reincarnate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• They believe humans are reincarnated in animal form. 他们相信人死后转生为动物。
• She was reincarnated as a snake. 她化身为一条蛇。 来自辞典例句

4 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

5 monks   

n.修道士，僧侣( monk的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The monks lived a very ascetic life. 僧侣过着很清苦的生活。
• He had been trained rigorously by the monks. 他接受过修道士的严格训练。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 longevity   

n.长命；长寿

参考例句：

• Good habits promote longevity.良好的习惯能增长寿命。
• Human longevity runs in families.人类的长寿具有家族遗传性。

7 monastery   

n.修道院，僧院，寺院

参考例句：

• They found an icon in the monastery.他们在修道院中发现了一个圣像。
• She was appointed the superior of the monastery two years ago.两年前她被任命为这个修道院的院长。

8 embody   

vt.具体表达，使具体化；包含，收录

参考例句：

• The latest locomotives embody many new features. 这些最新的机车具有许多新的特色。
• Hemingway's characters plainly embody his own values and view of life.海明威笔下的角色明确反映出他自己的价值观与人生观。

9 gauge   

v.精确计量；估计；n.标准度量；计量器

参考例句：

• Can you gauge what her reaction is likely to be?你能揣测她的反应可能是什么吗？
• It's difficult to gauge one's character.要判断一个人的品格是很困难的。

10 monasteries   

修道院( monastery的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• In ancient China, there were lots of monasteries. 在古时候，中国有许多寺院。
• The Negev became a religious center with many monasteries and churches. 内格夫成为许多庙宇和教堂的宗教中心。

11 atheist   

n.无神论者

参考例句：

• She was an atheist but now she says she's seen the light.她本来是个无神论者，可是现在她说自己的信仰改变了。
• He is admittedly an atheist.他被公认是位无神论者。

12 Buddhism   

n.佛教（教义）

参考例句：

• Buddhism was introduced into China about 67 AD.佛教是在公元67年左右传入中国的。
• Many people willingly converted to Buddhism.很多人情愿皈依佛教。

13 replacement   

n.取代，替换，交换；替代品，代用品

参考例句：

• We are hard put to find a replacement for our assistant.我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。
• They put all the students through the replacement examination.他们让所有的学生参加分班考试。

14 interferes   

vi. 妨碍，冲突，干涉

参考例句：

• The noise interferes with my work. 这噪音妨碍我的工作。
• That interferes with my plan. 那干扰了我的计划。

15 bullying   

v.恐吓，威逼( bully的现在分词 )；豪；跋扈

参考例句：

• Many cases of bullying go unreported . 很多恐吓案件都没有人告发。
• All cases of bullying will be severely dealt with. 所有以大欺小的情况都将受到严肃处理。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 repression   

n.镇压，抑制，抑压

参考例句：

• The repression of your true feelings is harmful to your health.压抑你的真实感情有害健康。
• This touched off a new storm against violent repression.这引起了反对暴力镇压的新风暴。

17 vet   

n.兽医，退役军人；vt.检查

参考例句：

• I took my dog to the vet.我把狗带到兽医诊所看病。
• Someone should vet this report before it goes out.这篇报道发表之前应该有人对它进行详查。

18 clergy   

n.[总称]牧师，神职人员

参考例句：

• I could heartily wish that more of our country clergy would follow this example.我衷心希望，我国有更多的牧师效法这个榜样。
• All the local clergy attended the ceremony.当地所有的牧师出席了仪式。

19 carvings   

n.雕刻( carving的名词复数 )；雕刻术；雕刻品；雕刻物

参考例句：

• The desk was ornamented with many carvings. 这桌子装饰有很多雕刻物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Shell carvings are a specialty of the town. 贝雕是该城的特产。 来自《简明英汉词典》

20 Buddha   

n.佛；佛像；佛陀

参考例句：

• Several women knelt down before the statue of Buddha and prayed.几个妇女跪在佛像前祈祷。
• He has kept the figure of Buddha for luck.为了图吉利他一直保存着这尊佛像。

21 follower   

n.跟随者；随员；门徒；信徒

参考例句：

• He is a faithful follower of his home football team.他是他家乡足球队的忠实拥护者。
• Alexander is a pious follower of the faith.亚历山大是个虔诚的信徒。