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美国国家公共电台 NPR Kratom's Benefits And Dangers Debated Amid Marketing Push : S

时间:2020-01-15 01:55来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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NOEL KING, HOST:

All right. We know that opioids like morphine and heroin1 are very dangerous. But in some parts of this country, you can buy a supplement that acts like an opioid out of a vending2 machine. It's an herbal product from Asia called kratom. Lesley McClurg of KQED wondered whether it's a helpful herb or a dangerous drug.

LESLEY MCCLURG, BYLINE3: A yellow sandwich board on a San Francisco sidewalk advertises pain relief, energy, relaxation4 and mood enhancement.

LINDA KLINE: We're selling a product called kray-tum (ph), or some people will call it krae-tum (ph).

MCCLURG: That's K-R-A-T-O-M, a Southeast Asian herb that's usually sold as a green powder in capsules or tea. Linda Kline opens the door to a tiny, immaculate shop called Bumble Bee Botanicals. The 33-year-old shop owner has neatly5 arranged kratom in a huge mason jars.

KLINE: So this is one of our personal favorites. It's called the Green Malay.

MCCLURG: Linda says the drug turned around her mental health.

KLINE: I went from feeling desperate and hopeless to finding an alternative where I had full control over how I felt.

MCCLURG: Anxiety used to paralyze her.

KLINE: I would have panic attacks a lot.

MCCLURG: A friend suggested kratom. Linda found it at a smoke shop. Her anxiety vanished. The new habit cost about $6 a day.

KLINE: It almost feels like you're having just a little glass of wine. It's really relaxing.

MCCLURG: But there's a dark side. In 2016, the Drug Enforcement Administration threatened to ban kratom. It's currently listed as a drug of concern. The Food and Drug Administration has recalled dozens of products tainted6 with salmonella and warns consumers not to use it because of the risk of addiction7. And people can overdose. Mateo Martinez is still mourning the loss of his brother.

MATEO MARTINEZ: My brother believed the marketing8 of kratom - that it was a natural herbal supplement that could provide you with the same benefits of an opioid without the risks.

MCCLURG: Marco Martinez struggled with an opioid addiction in high school. Mateo describes him as creative, charming...

MARTINEZ: A regular young kid that liked playing video games and watching cartoons and anime.

MCCLURG: Marco got hooked on painkillers9 after his dentist pulled his wisdom teeth.

MARTINEZ: He was using them in a way that wasn't just for treating pain.

MCCLURG: Eventually, Marco wanted to kick his addiction. Testimonials on YouTube promised kratom was his way out.

(SOUNDBITE OF YOUTUBE VIDEO MONTAGE)

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: I'm not using narcotics10 anymore.

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: I have a job. I'm part of my daughter's life again. I'm so grateful for kratom.

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #3: It was life-changing.

MCCLURG: Soon, Marco was taking kratom multiple times a day. Then the 19-year-old landed in the emergency room over and over.

MARTINEZ: Hyperventilating, breathing like - (imitating labored11 breathing).

MCCLURG: Doctors were unable to explain these episodes.

MARTINEZ: His body wasn't fully12 processing all of the kratom or its byproducts, and it built up until he stopped breathing.

MCCLURG: The toxicology report showed high levels of the psychoactive ingredient in kratom. And it was listed on his death certificate.

MARTINEZ: That they attributed was the cause of death.

MCCLURG: In a recent 18-month period, the Centers for Disease Control reported 90 kratom overdoses - although most of these deaths involved a combination of substances.

MICHAEL WHITE: The data to support either the benefits or the harms for kratom is really, really poor.

MCCLURG: Michael White is a pharmacist at the University of Connecticut. He says animal studies suggest kratom could be an effective pain reliever. But...

WHITE: The human data is in its infancy13.

MCCLURG: Dr. Scott Steiger runs the Opiate Outpatient Treatment Program (ph) at San Francisco General.

SCOTT STEIGER: I have seen that people who use kratom end up having a very hard time stopping the use of it.

MCCLURG: He says kratom is addictive14. It also may cause seizures15, heart issues and liver damage. Users say they experience withdrawal16 symptoms like...

STEIGER: Nausea17, sweats, aches and pains, loose stool, tearing.

MCCLURG: If someone comes to you and says - should I use this? - or I am using this, how do you counsel them?

STEIGER: I tell them, you know, I just don't know enough on the basis of science to tell them whether it's a great idea or not.

MCCLURG: Steiger says a lot more research is needed, not only to weigh the risks and benefits but also to regulate the substance appropriately.

For NPR News, I'm Lesley McClurg.

(SOUNDBITE OF KELPE'S "VALERIAN")


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 heroin IrSzHX     
n.海洛因
参考例句:
  • Customs have made their biggest ever seizure of heroin.海关查获了有史以来最大的一批海洛因。
  • Heroin has been smuggled out by sea.海洛因已从海上偷运出境。
2 vending 9e89cb67a07fe419b19a6bd5ee5210cc     
v.出售(尤指土地等财产)( vend的现在分词 );(尤指在公共场所)贩卖;发表(意见,言论);声明
参考例句:
  • Why Are You Banging on the Vending Machine? 你为什么敲打这台自动售货机? 来自朗文快捷英语教程 2
  • Coca-Cola had to adapt almost 300,000 vending machines to accept the new coins. 可口可乐公司必须使将近三十万台自动贩卖机接受新货币。 来自超越目标英语 第5册
3 byline sSXyQ     
n.署名;v.署名
参考例句:
  • His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
  • We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。
4 relaxation MVmxj     
n.松弛,放松;休息;消遣;娱乐
参考例句:
  • The minister has consistently opposed any relaxation in the law.部长一向反对法律上的任何放宽。
  • She listens to classical music for relaxation.她听古典音乐放松。
5 neatly ynZzBp     
adv.整洁地,干净地,灵巧地,熟练地
参考例句:
  • Sailors know how to wind up a long rope neatly.水手们知道怎样把一条大绳利落地缠好。
  • The child's dress is neatly gathered at the neck.那孩子的衣服在领口处打着整齐的皱褶。
6 tainted qgDzqS     
adj.腐坏的;污染的;沾污的;感染的v.使变质( taint的过去式和过去分词 );使污染;败坏;被污染,腐坏,败坏
参考例句:
  • The administration was tainted with scandal. 丑闻使得政府声名狼藉。
  • He was considered tainted by association with the corrupt regime. 他因与腐败政府有牵连而名誉受损。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 addiction JyEzS     
n.上瘾入迷,嗜好
参考例句:
  • He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
  • Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。
8 marketing Boez7e     
n.行销,在市场的买卖,买东西
参考例句:
  • They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
  • He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。
9 painkillers 1a67b54ddb73ea8c08a4e55aa1847a55     
n.止痛药( painkiller的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The doctor gave him some painkillers to ease the pain. 医生给了他一些止疼片以减缓疼痛。 来自辞典例句
  • The primary painkillers - opiates, like OxyContin - are widely feared, misunderstood and underused. 人们对主要的镇痛药——如鸦片剂奥施康定——存在广泛的恐惧、误解,因此没有充分利用。 来自时文部分
10 narcotics 6c5fe7d3dc96f0626f1c875799f8ddb1     
n.麻醉药( narcotic的名词复数 );毒品;毒
参考例句:
  • The use of narcotics by teenagers is a problem in many countries. 青少年服用麻醉药在许多国家中都是一个问题。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Police shook down the club, looking for narcotics. 警方彻底搜查了这个俱乐部,寻找麻醉品。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 labored zpGz8M     
adj.吃力的,谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 );苦干;详细分析;(指引擎)缓慢而困难地运转
参考例句:
  • I was close enough to the elk to hear its labored breathing. 我离那头麋鹿非常近,能听见它吃力的呼吸声。 来自辞典例句
  • They have labored to complete the job. 他们努力完成这一工作。 来自辞典例句
12 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
13 infancy F4Ey0     
n.婴儿期;幼年期;初期
参考例句:
  • He came to England in his infancy.他幼年时期来到英国。
  • Their research is only in its infancy.他们的研究处于初级阶段。
14 addictive hJbyL     
adj.(吸毒等)使成瘾的,成为习惯的
参考例句:
  • The problem with video game is that they're addictive.电子游戏机的问题在于它们会使人上瘾。
  • Cigarettes are highly addictive.香烟很容易使人上瘾。
15 seizures d68658a6ccfd246a0e750fdc12689d94     
n.起获( seizure的名词复数 );没收;充公;起获的赃物
参考例句:
  • Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year. 今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Other causes of unconsciousness predisposing to aspiration lung abscess are convulsive seizures. 造成吸入性肺脓肿昏迷的其他原因,有惊厥发作。 来自辞典例句
16 withdrawal Cfhwq     
n.取回,提款;撤退,撤军;收回,撤销
参考例句:
  • The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
  • They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。
17 nausea C5Dzz     
n.作呕,恶心;极端的憎恶(或厌恶)
参考例句:
  • Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕期常有恶心的现象。
  • He experienced nausea after eating octopus.吃了章鱼后他感到恶心。
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TAG标签:   NPR  美国国家电台  英语听力
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