PBS高端访谈:首批滞留小难民在希腊入学

 　　HARI SREENIVASAN: But first: The Greek government has begun a pilot program to educate refugee children stranded¹ in the country, because nations along the migrant trail to Northern Europe have closed their borders.

　　It is estimated there are more than 20,000 children in refugee camps in Greece. The plan is being resisted by some Greeks, who say they worry about refugees carrying infections and also about the cultural change the plan might bring. There have been protests in a number of towns.

　　Special correspondent Malcolm Brabant has been looking at the issue, and starts his report from Filippiada in Western Greece.

　　MALCOLM BRABANT: What's your name?

　　MOHAMMED ZAITOON, Syrian Refugee: My name's Mohammed.

　　MALCOLM BRABANT: Where are you from?

　　MOHAMMED ZAITOON: I'm from Syria.

　　MALCOLM BRABANT: Yes. And whereabouts in Syria are you from?

　　MOHAMMED ZAITOON: I'm from — I live in Damascus.

　　MALCOLM BRABANT: What's your name?

　　SELMA ZAITOON, Syrian Refugee: My name is Selma.

　　MOHAMMED ZAITOON: I'm sad because I don't have school now. And I want to go to school, actually.

　　SELMA ZAITOON: I would like now to go to school. But I can't. Now, here, I don't have school, but I want to go to school.

　　MALCOLM BRABANT: The children's formal education ended 15 months ago, when they left Syria. Their father is Ammar Zaitoon.

　　AMMAR ZAITOON, Syrian Refugee: I have three children. Two of them were in school. And they always get top marks.

　　MALCOLM BRABANT: Like tens of thousands of other refugees, the Zaitoons wanted to settle elsewhere, but are now stuck in Greece, where anti-migrant sentiment is significant, especially over the issue of education.

　　AMMAR ZAITOON: We were disappointed for that. We want to know, why do they don't want our children to go to school? We'd like something like to speak with them just in order to knowing us more and more, that we are simple people. We have the right to teach our children. We like life. We like education. Syrian people are very good workers. And when they study, they will be good in school.

　　首批滞留小难民在希腊入学

　　MALCOLM BRABANT: The family lives in Filippiada, a small town in Western Greece. The parent-teacher association told the Education Ministry² that under no circumstances would they accept children from a nearby camp, citing fears about cultural differences and infectious diseases.

　　They claimed their presence would alter the Greek character of the schools. Most parents we approached refused to talk. But Christos Gartzis spoke³ up.

　　CHRISTOS GARTZIS, Parent, Filippiada School (through translator): The education issue is not a problem for us, as all these children have the right to education, but, first of all, the government have to solve their housing problems. They must be relocated to more modern facilities. These children are going to be permanently⁴ ill during the winter, with colds and coughs, viruses and maybe even pneumonia⁵. What kind of schooling⁶ will we be able to offer them then?

　　MALCOLM BRABANT: Several hundred refugees, mainly from Syria and Afghanistan, live in tents in a former army base on the outskirts⁷ of Filippiada. There are about 150 children who do have the occasional lesson from volunteers. But, mostly, they while away the hours playing.

　　Filippiada's rejection⁸ of refugee children has put it beneath an unfavorable spotlight⁹, and the conservative mayor, Nikolaos Kalantzis, has been trying to limit the damage to the town's reputation.

　　MAYOR NIKOLAOS KALANTZIS, Filippiada, Greece, Greece (through translator): This is a rather unique issue, in that the people who have come here don't actually want to stay here. They want to move on and are seeking ways to do so. This is a matter of trying to manage an interim¹⁰ period for these people. At least that's the way I see it.

　　And, of course, this is not just a problem for Filippiada, but also for Greece itself and, in general, Europe, too, since extreme racist¹¹ and nationalist feelings are on the rise. But in no way whatsoever¹² could Filippiada be considered as a racist town.

　　MALCOLM BRABANT: Like every aspect of life in Greece, education has been hit by the country's six-year-long financial crisis. The government has been forced to lay off teachers, and schools like this are being run on half the budget previously¹³ available before the country went bankrupt.

　　But headmaster George Gioldasis is a strong believer in the universal right of children to an education.

　　GEORGE GIOLDASIS, Headmaster (through translator): Problems definitely exist, but we, the teachers, together with the parents and parent-teacher's association, as well as the citizens of this town, are trying to solve them with the limited resources we have from the municipality for education.

　　We're trying to at least solve the basic problems at the moment, but, in my opinion, much more funding is going to be required in order to be able to provide the infrastructure¹⁴ and prerequisites¹⁵ necessary for the integration¹⁶ of refugee children into our schools.

　　MALCOLM BRABANT: Greece's education minister says that the country has an obligation to provide schooling for refugee children. And he's announced a program where six schools will open up in Athens, and there'll be three others in towns around the country.

　　Now, the minister says that this initiative will spread throughout Greece through October. The money to pay for it is supposed to be coming from a $1 billion fund provided to Greece by the European Union, which is supposed to help during the refugee crisis.

　　But there's been strong resistance from nationalists in the northern town of Oraiokastro. The rally organizers insisted they were just concerned citizens. But some rhetoric¹⁷ sounded similar to that of the ultra-right Golden Dawn Party. A riot police cordon¹⁸ prevented clashes with about 200 left-wing protesters.

　　The demonstrators emphasized their orthodox Christian¹⁹ heritage and abhorrence²⁰ of Islam. Organizer Spiros Haravopoulos says his ancestors were victims of a Turkish genocide on the Black Sea nearly a century ago.

　　"We are the Greeks. That's who we are," he shouts.

　　This is a place where history is never forgotten, especially Greece's 400 years under the Islamic Ottoman Empire.

　　SPIROS HARAVOPOULOS, Rally Organizer (through translator): Of course we care about the refugees, but let them go to other countries, where their own religion is widely practiced, such as Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates. We have nothing against the refugees, but they have been brought here without anyone having asked us if we want them here.

　　Other people can't be allowed to decide what we want without us being asked first, and that's why we're protesting here tonight. Apart from the fact that they have been terrifying the people here, members of the same government that was voted into power by citizens of this place are calling us Nazis²¹.

　　MALCOLM BRABANT: Greece belongs to the Greeks, bellowed²² lawyer Dimitris Mihakis, as he whipped up the crowd.

　　DIMITRIS MIHAKIS, Lawyer, "Concerned Citizens of Oraiocastro" (through translator): Are we supposed to allow this and make our schools just for the minority? Do they want a Greek minority here in Greece? We will not permit Greek schools to be turned into minority schools. The plan is obviously to cause problems and unrest in this country in order to satisfy some other fanciful geostrategic plans which they have in mind for us.

　　MALCOLM BRABANT: Despite being the object of fear, suspicion and hate, Ammar Zaitoon is remaining calm.

　　AMMAR ZAITOON: We know that the Greek people were living the same situation in the past. And, actually, they are good people. I know, sometimes, sometimes, you don't want to see other people in your country. Sometimes, you don't want to see another — refugees in your country.

　　We respect that. But, even so, they are very good with us. They receive us, and they are trying to help us as best as they can.

　　MALCOLM BRABANT: As the rally organizers danced in the rain, they were condemned²³ as fascists²⁴ by the left-wing protesters, who chanted slogans in support of the refugees.

　　"Fatherland, faith, and family. Long live Greece," he cried.

　　The government's determination to provide classes nationwide will be severely²⁵ tested. A new battleground awaits the war children.

　　For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Malcolm Brabant in Northern Greece.

1 stranded   

a.搁浅的，进退两难的

参考例句：

• He was stranded in a strange city without money. 他流落在一个陌生的城市里， 身无分文，一筹莫展。
• I was stranded in the strange town without money or friends. 我困在那陌生的城市，既没有钱，又没有朋友。

2 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

3 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

4 permanently   

adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地

参考例句：

• The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
• The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。

5 pneumonia   

n.肺炎

参考例句：

• Cage was struck with pneumonia in her youth.凯奇年轻时得过肺炎。
• Pneumonia carried him off last week.肺炎上星期夺去了他的生命。

6 schooling   

n.教育；正规学校教育

参考例句：

• A child's access to schooling varies greatly from area to area.孩子获得学校教育的机会因地区不同而大相径庭。
• Backward children need a special kind of schooling.天赋差的孩子需要特殊的教育。

7 outskirts   

n.郊外，郊区

参考例句：

• Our car broke down on the outskirts of the city.我们的汽车在市郊出了故障。
• They mostly live on the outskirts of a town.他们大多住在近郊。

8 rejection   

n.拒绝，被拒，抛弃，被弃

参考例句：

• He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.他因怕遭拒绝决定不再去找她。
• The rejection plunged her into the dark depths of despair.遭到拒绝使她陷入了绝望的深渊。

9 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

10 interim   

adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间

参考例句：

• The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
• It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。

11 racist   

n.种族主义者，种族主义分子

参考例句：

• a series of racist attacks 一连串的种族袭击行为
• His speech presented racist ideas under the guise of nationalism. 他的讲话以民族主义为幌子宣扬种族主义思想。

12 whatsoever   

adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么

参考例句：

• There's no reason whatsoever to turn down this suggestion.没有任何理由拒绝这个建议。
• All things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you,do ye even so to them.你想别人对你怎样，你就怎样对人。

13 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

14 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

15 prerequisites   

先决条件，前提( prerequisite的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Good muscles are one of the prerequisites of physical fitness. 肌肉发达是身体健康的一个必备条件。
• One of the outstanding prerequisites of any city is a local transportation system. 本地运输系统是任何城市的突出前提条件之一。

16 integration   

n.一体化，联合，结合

参考例句：

• We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
• This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。

17 rhetoric   

n.修辞学，浮夸之言语

参考例句：

• Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗？
• Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后，他和军队的关系岌岌可危。

18 cordon   

n.警戒线，哨兵线

参考例句：

• Police officers threw a cordon around his car to protect him.警察在他汽车周围设置了防卫圈以保护他。
• There is a tight security cordon around the area.这一地区周围设有严密的安全警戒圈。

19 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

20 abhorrence   

n.憎恶；可憎恶的事

参考例句：

• This nation has an abhorrence of terrrorism.这个民族憎恶恐怖主义。
• It is an abhorrence to his feeling.这是他深恶痛绝的事。

21 Nazis   

n.（德国的）纳粹党员( Nazi的名词复数 )；纳粹主义

参考例句：

• The Nazis worked them over with gun butts. 纳粹分子用枪托毒打他们。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Nazis were responsible for the mass murder of Jews during World War Ⅱ. 纳粹必须为第二次世界大战中对犹太人的大屠杀负责。 来自《简明英汉词典》

22 bellowed   

v.发出吼叫声，咆哮（尤指因痛苦）( bellow的过去式和过去分词 )；（愤怒地）说出（某事），大叫

参考例句：

• They bellowed at her to stop. 他们吼叫着让她停下。
• He bellowed with pain when the tooth was pulled out. 当牙齿被拔掉时，他痛得大叫。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

23 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

24 fascists   

n.法西斯主义的支持者( fascist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists. 老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Zoya heroically bore the torture that the Fascists inflicted upon her. 卓娅英勇地承受法西斯匪徒加在她身上的酷刑。 来自《简明英汉词典》

25 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。