PBS高端访谈:如何打破回声室效应

Amna Nawaz: Almost two-thirds of Americans say that social media has a mostly negative impact on the country, according to a recent Pew Research Center study. They report concerns like the spread of misinformation, hate speech, and only listening to people that you agree with. So, how can you really break apart those echo¹ chambers²? One way, make a friend. Tonight, author and journalist Christine Pride shares her Humble³ Opinion on the importance of interracial friendships.

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：皮尤研究中心最近的一项研究显示，近三分之二的美国人表示，社交媒体对美国的影响大多是负面的。他们报告的问题，如传播错误信息，仇恨言论，只听你同意的人。那么，你如何突破回声室效应呢？一方面，交个朋友。今晚，作家兼记者克里斯汀·普雷德分享了她对跨种族友谊重要性的拙见。

Christine Pride: I wonder if you have ever had a Black person to your home for a social visit. I know the answer is probably no, because most people can count their Black friends not just on one hand, but with one finger. And I know this to be true, because I am often that person, the one Black friend. And as much as I love and adore⁴ all my white friends, that role can get a little old. The fact that most people don't have a friend of another race speaks to our segregated⁵ society, but also our complacency. Many people, many white people, could easily go their whole lives without ever getting to know someone of another race, which requires effort. Making a new friend is hard, period. Making a friend of another race is harder yet. You don't have the ease of common experience and instant camaraderie⁶. And, for Black people, going out of our way to make a white friend requires enormous trust. It could, after all, be only a matter of time before said friend reveals their true colors. It's much easier to conclude, why bother? Well, we all have to bother. These relationships are important. Even the most well-intentioned, well-meaning white person isn't going to get the same benefits researching and reading about race, though you still should do that, as hearing about the personal experiences of someone you respect, admire and trust. And this is not to say that white people should go seek out strangers or acquaintances and say, tell me about your Black experience. Do not do that. That's not friendship. That's a transaction⁷.

克里斯汀·普雷德：我想知道你有没有请过一个黑人来你家做客。我知道答案可能是否定的，因为大多数人不仅能用一只手，而且能用一根手指数清他们的黑人朋友。我知道这是真的，因为我经常是那个人，唯一的黑人朋友。尽管我很爱我所有的白人朋友，但这个角色可能会有点老。大多数人没有另一个种族的朋友这一事实说明了我们这个种族隔离的社会，但也说明了我们的自满。许多人，许多白人，可以轻松地度过他们的一生而不去了解另一个种族的人，这需要努力。交一个新朋友很难。交另一个种族的朋友更难。你没有共同经历和瞬间的友情。而且，对黑人来说，不遗余力地交白人朋友需要极大的信任。毕竟，在这位朋友显露自己本色之前，这可能只是时间问题。结论容易得多，何必费心？好吧，我们都得费心。这些关系很重要。即使是最善意、善意的白人也不会从研究和阅读有关种族的文章中得到同样的好处，尽管你还是应该这样做，就像听到你尊敬、钦佩和信任的人的个人经历一样。这并不是说白人应该去找陌生人或熟人，告诉我你的黑人经历。不要那样做。那不是友谊。这是一笔交易。

Real friendship means a willingness to listen carefully, and have your views challenged, because your Black friend doesn't see the world the same way you do. It's going to require you to do the important work of earning and offering trust, so that, if you make a mistake or misstep, you will have some good will to fall back on. But, even before that, it starts with stepping outside your comfort zone. A diverse social circle isn't just going to fall in your lap. You're going to have to think carefully about where you live and where your children go to school, the activities you participate in, because, if you're only ever around people who look like you, it's going to be all but impossible to create a meaningful connection with someone of another race. Ultimately⁸, these friendships are going to require putting actions behind intentions.

真正的友谊意味着你愿意认真倾听，并对你的观点提出质疑，因为你的黑人朋友对世界的看法与你不同。它要求你做重要的工作来赢得和提供信任，这样，如果你犯了一个错误或错误，你将有一些良好的意愿可以依靠。但是，即使在那之前，它开始于走出你的舒适区。一个多元化的社交圈不仅仅会落在你的大腿上。你必须仔细考虑你住在哪里，你的孩子在哪里上学，你参加的活动，因为，如果你只和长得像你一样的人在一起，你几乎不可能与另一个种族的人建立有意义的联系。最终，这些友谊需要将行动置于意图之后。

1 echo   

n.回音，共鸣；vi.发出回声；vt.模仿，附和

参考例句：

• She shouted on the mountaintop and listened for the echo.她在山顶上大声喊着，然后聆听着回声。
• I should like to echo the words of the previous speaker.我想重复前面一位发言者的话。

2 chambers   

n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅

参考例句：

• The body will be removed into one of the cold storage chambers. 尸体将被移到一个冷冻间里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Mr Chambers's readable book concentrates on the middle passage: the time Ransome spent in Russia. Chambers先生的这本值得一看的书重点在中间：Ransome在俄国的那几年。 来自互联网

3 humble   

adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低

参考例句：

• In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见，他将在选举中获胜。
• Defeat and failure make people humble.挫折与失败会使人谦卑。

4 adore   

vt.崇拜，敬慕，爱慕，非常喜欢

参考例句：

• People adore him for his noble character.人们因他的高贵品质而敬爱他。
• I would adore to settle back homeland.我非常喜欢回家乡定居。

5 segregated   

分开的； 被隔离的

参考例句：

• a culture in which women are segregated from men 妇女受到隔离歧视的文化
• The doctor segregated the child sick with scarlet fever. 大夫把患猩红热的孩子隔离起来。

6 camaraderie   

n.同志之爱，友情

参考例句：

• The camaraderie among fellow employees made the tedious work just bearable.同事之间的情谊使枯燥乏味的工作变得还能忍受。
• Some bosses are formal and have occasional interactions,while others prefer continual camaraderie.有些老板很刻板，偶尔才和下属互动一下；有些则喜欢和下属打成一片。

7 transaction   

n.处理，交易，相互作用

参考例句：

• He was twenty dollars in pocket by the transaction.他在这笔生意中赚了20美元。
• He left the transaction of the matter to his secretary.他把这件事交给秘书办理。

8 ultimately   

adv.最后地，最终地，首要地，基本地

参考例句：

• It was a demeaning and ultimately frustrating experience.那是一次有失颜面并且令人沮丧至极的经历。
• Vitamin C deficiency can ultimately lead to scurvy.缺乏维生素C最终能道致坏血病。