PBS高端访谈:美国政府将如何回应索尼被黑事件?

 　　JUDY WOODRUFF: We now take a closer look at North Korea and cyber-terrorism and what the president had to say about it all this afternoon. It made up the dominant¹ topic at today's White House news conference.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: It was the first question.

　　QUESTION: And did Sony make the right decision in pulling the movie? Or does that set a dangerous precedent² when faced with this kind of situation?

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: And an unequivocal seven-word answer.

　　PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: Yes, I think they made a mistake.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: President Obama told the White House press corps³ that Sony is in a difficult position, but was wrong to withdraw its own film.

　　BARACK OBAMA: We cannot have a society in which some dictator someplace can start imposing⁴ censorship here in the United States, because if somebody is able to intimidate⁵ folks out of releasing a satirical movie, imagine what they start doing when they see a documentary that they don't like, or news reports that they don't like.

　　Or, even worse, imagine if producers and distributors and others start engaging in self-censorship because they don't want to offend the sensibilities of somebody whose sensibilities probably need to be offended.

　　So, that's not who we are.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Notably⁶, Kim Jong-un's name was never mentioned. But the president clearly targeted the North Korean leader in his remarks, using pointedly⁷ casual terms like “some dictator” and poking⁸ fun at the seriousness of the movie involved.

　　BARACK OBAMA: I think it says something interesting about North Korea that they decided⁹ to have the state mount an all-out assault on a movie studio because of a satirical movie starring Seth Rogen and James Flacco.

　　(LAUGHTER)

　　BARACK OBAMA: I love Seth and I love James, but the notion that that was a threat to them I think gives you some sense of the kind of regime we're talking about here.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: The greater question for the president is, how will the United States respond to North Korea? The attack cost Sony Pictures tens of millions of dollars so far and an unknown hit in its business position. But the named attacker is another nation, one which is known for its unpredictable, defiant¹⁰ military posture¹¹.

　　BARACK OBAMA: They caused a lot of damage, and we will respond. We will respond proportionally, and we'll respond in a place and time and manner that we choose. It's not something that I will announce here today at a press conference.

　　More broadly, though, this points to the need for us to work with the international community to start setting up some very clear rules of the road in terms of how the Internet and cyber operates.

　　We've been coordinating¹² with the private sector¹³, but a lot more needs to be done. We're not even close to where we need to be.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: The president said his team has presented options for a response to North Korea and he is reviewing them, and that he is also looking at detailed¹⁴ ideas for strengthening cyber-security. As he forms a response, the president stressed that he sees the threat as serious and urgent.

　　BARACK OBAMA: If we don't put in place the kind of architecture that can prevent these attacks from taking place, this is not just going to be affecting movies. This is going to be affecting our entire economy in ways that are extraordinarily¹⁵ significant.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: After the press conference, Sony CEO Michael Lynton responded to the president. He told CNN: “The president, the press and the public are mistaken as to what actually happened.” He also said: “We have not caved. We have not backed down.” And he added, Sony still plans to let people see the movie, but that theaters and home video distributors are not willing to show it yet.

　　He also contradicted the president. He said Sony had reached out to a White House adviser¹⁶. But he didn't say whom.

　　North Korea, by the way, today denied that it was behind the attack.

　　Let's explore some of the many questions all this raises with Dmitri Alperovitch. He is co-founder and chief technology officer of CrowdStrike. It's a security technology company. And former ambassador Jack¹⁷ Pritchard, he's been involved with Korean peace negotiations¹⁸ for both Presidents George W. Bush and Bill Clinton.

　　And we welcome you both.

　　DMITRI ALPEROVITCH, CrowdStrike: Thank you.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: So, Dmitri Alperovitch, to you first.

　　What do you make of the FBI finding — and the president referred to it — that North Korea and North Korea alone was behind this attack?

　　DMITRI ALPEROVITCH: At CrowdStrike, we absolutely agree with that. We have actually been tracking this actor. We actually call them Silent Chollima. That's our name for this group based that is out of North Korea.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Say the name again.

　　DMITRI ALPEROVITCH: Silent Chollima. Chollima is actually a national animal of North Korea. It's a mythical¹⁹ flying horse. And we have been tracking this group since 2006. They have been engaged in a lot of destructive attacks against South Korea predominantly and U.S. forces in South Korea. And this is their first major attack against a U.S. company that is destructive in nature.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: I ask you because there were questions in the last few days about whether North Korea was capable of mounting this kind of attack. You're saying they clearly were.

　　DMITRI ALPEROVITCH: They absolutely are. They're not the best cyber-power out there. They're not as good as United States and they are not as good as Russia or China, but they're in the second tier and they absolutely have this capability²⁰. And they have been using that capability for the last eight years.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: All right.

　　Let me turn now to another piece of this story, Jack — Ambassador Pritchard. And that is, we know the president said that Sony made a mistake in pulling back the film, and then we heard the reaction from Sony's CEO. But what I want to ask you about at this point is the president's characterization of North Korea's leader.

　　At one point, he said — he talked about some dictator someplace, and then he talked — he seemed dismissive of the fact that North Korea has launched such a major attack, cyber-attack on, he said, a company that just made a satirical comedy.

　　JACK PRITCHARD, Former U.S. Special Envoy²¹ for Negotiations with North Korea: Yes.

　　Well, number one, I think the president is trying to avoid publicly naming Kim Jong-un as the force behind this, but you have got to take a look at the history of North Korea. It's been led by one family, the grandfather, the father and now the son. And throughout the history of North Korea, any attack on the leadership required North Korea to respond.

　　So it's not surprising they did, regardless of what we may think of the — how funny the movie is or whatnot. From a North Korean perspective, it's an attack on the core of their being, and it requires a response. What we weren't prepared for is the level and the fact it was this type of cyber-attack. But, clearly, we knew something was going to happen.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: What did you make of the president's term some dictator someplace? You said he wanted to avoid naming Kim Jong-un. Why?

　　JACK PRITCHARD: Yes.

　　You know, every time you talk about the North Korean leaders, using their name, it raises the hackles of the North Korean leadership. And he's probably trying to not artificially raise a tit-for-tat response between the United States and North Korea at the governmental level. He's still formulating²² what he's going to do and how he's going to respond.

　　So, what he doesn't want to do is give North Koreans the fodder²³ to suggest that it's the United States beating up on this poor, small country and some dictator that's leading it.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Well, in terms of a response, we heard the president say that it's going to be proportional and he said it's going to at a time of the U.S. choosing. He's not going to be announcing it. It will be done behind the scenes, presumably. What are the options?

　　JACK PRITCHARD: Yes.

　　Well, you know, in basic terms, there are three things could be done, diplomatic, military and economic. On the diplomatic side, we don't have a relationship with North Korea. We can't leverage²⁴ something that they may want to preserve, so that's out.

　　On the military side, anything that we would contemplate²⁵ would have to have the full cooperation and understanding and approval of South Korea, and that doesn't fall within the proportionality that the president is talking about. That leaves you economic aspects to deal with.

　　And from my point of view, I think there are probably three things that the administration's looking at right now. One, it's a coordination²⁶, consultation²⁷ with the other members of the six-party talks, China, Russia, Japan, and South Korea.

　　I would expect they'd also take this to the United Nations to kind of put it on the record in the world spotlight²⁸, if you will. And, third, and what will actually be the proportionality that will do some damage to the North Koreans would be financial sanctions. If you think back to 2005, when the Treasury²⁹ Department imposed sanctions that affected³⁰ the Banco Delta³¹ Asia, a small bank in Macao that only had about $25 million worth of North Korean money, it caused a great deal of angst in North Korea that ultimately led them to additional bad behavior, but finally brought them back to the negotiating table.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: And I want to bring Dmitri Alperovitch back into it.

　　Now, the president also talked about the need to work, he said, with the international community the start setting up some kind of rules of the road. What could that look like? What can the international community do?

　　DMITRI ALPEROVITCH: Well, the first thing you can do is encourage additional information-sharing on the indicators³² and the type of tactics that the North Korean regime has used, as well as the other actors that are out there. The intelligence on this group has been around, as I said, for most of eight years.

　　If these companies that have been coming under attack from them had that intelligence, if they had used it proactively to hunt on their networks for that adversary³³, this type of event could have been prevented. That's a very critical thing that we don't have right now.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: And so you're saying the U.S. and other countries could begin to create something like that?

　　DMITRI ALPEROVITCH: Well, that's right. The U.S. government has a lot of information. The private sector has a lot of information. You could encourage additional information-sharing, declassify³⁴ some information related to the intelligence we have on some of these bad actors and share it with the private sector.

　　That would be a good first step. You could also start talking about norms of behavior, that it's not OK for a nation state to do this to a private company, to completely destroy its network, to take its information and leak it out into the public, and there will be repercussions³⁵ when you do it. That would be a first good step.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Dmitri Alperovitch, Ambassador Jack Pritchard, we thank you both.

　　DMITRI ALPEROVITCH: Thank you.

　　JACK PRITCHARD: Our pleasure.

1 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

2 precedent   

n.先例，前例；惯例；adj.在前的，在先的

参考例句：

• Is there a precedent for what you want me to do?你要我做的事有前例可援吗？
• This is a wonderful achievement without precedent in Chinese history.这是中国历史上亘古未有的奇绩。

3 corps   

n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组

参考例句：

• The medical corps were cited for bravery in combat.医疗队由于在战场上的英勇表现而受嘉奖。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

4 imposing   

adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的

参考例句：

• The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。
• He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。

5 intimidate   

vt.恐吓，威胁

参考例句：

• You think you can intimidate people into doing what you want?你以为你可以威胁别人做任何事？
• The first strike capacity is intended mainly to intimidate adversary.第一次攻击的武力主要是用来吓阻敌方的。

6 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

7 pointedly   

adv.尖地，明显地

参考例句：

• She yawned and looked pointedly at her watch. 她打了个哈欠，又刻意地看了看手表。
• The demand for an apology was pointedly refused. 让对方道歉的要求遭到了断然拒绝。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 poking   

n. 刺，戳，袋 vt. 拨开，刺，戳 vi. 戳，刺，捅，搜索，伸出，行动散慢

参考例句：

• He was poking at the rubbish with his stick. 他正用手杖拨动垃圾。
• He spent his weekends poking around dusty old bookshops. 他周末都泡在布满尘埃的旧书店里。

9 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

10 defiant   

adj.无礼的，挑战的

参考例句：

• With a last defiant gesture,they sang a revolutionary song as they were led away to prison.他们被带走投入监狱时，仍以最后的反抗姿态唱起了一支革命歌曲。
• He assumed a defiant attitude toward his employer.他对雇主采取挑衅的态度。

11 posture   

n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势

参考例句：

• The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence.政府在独立这一问题上采取了毫不妥协的态度。
• He tore off his coat and assumed a fighting posture.他脱掉上衣，摆出一副打架的架势。

12 coordinating   

v.使协调，使调和( coordinate的现在分词 )；协调；协同；成为同等

参考例句：

• He abolished the Operations Coordinating Board and the Planning Board. 他废除了行动协调委员会和计划委员会。 来自辞典例句
• He's coordinating the wedding, and then we're not going to invite him? 他是来协调婚礼的，难道我们不去请他？ 来自电影对白

13 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

14 detailed   

adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的

参考例句：

• He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
• A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。

15 extraordinarily   

adv.格外地；极端地

参考例句：

• She is an extraordinarily beautiful girl.她是个美丽非凡的姑娘。
• The sea was extraordinarily calm that morning.那天清晨，大海出奇地宁静。

16 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

17 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

18 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

19 mythical   

adj.神话的；虚构的；想像的

参考例句：

• Undeniably,he is a man of mythical status.不可否认，他是一个神话般的人物。
• Their wealth is merely mythical.他们的财富完全是虚构的。

20 capability   

n.能力；才能；(pl)可发展的能力或特性等

参考例句：

• She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
• Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。

21 envoy   

n.使节，使者，代表，公使

参考例句：

• Their envoy showed no sign of responding to our proposals.他们的代表对我方的提议毫无回应的迹象。
• The government has not yet appointed an envoy to the area.政府尚未向这一地区派过外交官。

22 formulating   

v.构想出( formulate的现在分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示

参考例句：

• At present, the Chinese government is formulating nationwide regulations on the control of such chemicals. 目前，中国政府正在制定全国性的易制毒化学品管理条例。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• Because of this, the U.S. has taken further steps in formulating the \"Magellan\" programme. 为此，美国又进一步制定了“麦哲伦”计划。 来自百科语句

23 fodder   

n.草料；炮灰

参考例句：

• Grass mowed and cured for use as fodder.割下来晒干用作饲料的草。
• Guaranteed salt intake, no matter which normal fodder.不管是那一种正常的草料，保证盐的摄取。

24 leverage   

n.力量，影响；杠杆作用，杠杆的力量

参考例句：

• We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
• He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力，他的计划失败了。

25 contemplate   

vt.盘算，计议；周密考虑；注视，凝视

参考例句：

• The possibility of war is too horrifying to contemplate.战争的可能性太可怕了，真不堪细想。
• The consequences would be too ghastly to contemplate.后果不堪设想。

26 coordination   

n.协调，协作

参考例句：

• Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。
• The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好，使演出更具魅力。

27 consultation   

n.咨询；商量；商议；会议

参考例句：

• The company has promised wide consultation on its expansion plans.该公司允诺就其扩展计划广泛征求意见。
• The scheme was developed in close consultation with the local community.该计划是在同当地社区密切磋商中逐渐形成的。

28 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

29 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

30 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

31 delta   

n.（流的）角洲

参考例句：

• He has been to the delta of the Nile.他曾去过尼罗河三角洲。
• The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在河口分岔，形成了一个三角洲。

32 indicators   

（仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的）指针( indicator的名词复数 )； 指示物； （车辆上的）转弯指示灯； 指示信号

参考例句：

• The economic indicators are better than expected. 经济指标比预期的好。
• It is still difficult to develop indicators for many concepts used in social science. 为社会科学领域的许多概念确立一个指标仍然很难。

33 adversary   

adj.敌手，对手

参考例句：

• He saw her as his main adversary within the company.他将她视为公司中主要的对手。
• They will do anything to undermine their adversary's reputation.他们会不择手段地去损害对手的名誉。

34 declassify   

v.撤销保密

参考例句：

• These reports were only declassified last year.这些报告去年才被撤销了密级。
• Does the president have the power to declassify information?总统有权利解密相关信息吗？

35 repercussions   

n.后果，反响( repercussion的名词复数 )；余波

参考例句：

• The collapse of the company will have repercussions for the whole industry. 这家公司的垮台将会给整个行业造成间接的负面影响。
• Human acts have repercussions far beyond the frontiers of the human world. 人类行为所产生的影响远远超出人类世界的范围。 来自《简明英汉词典》