PBS高端访谈:欧洲移民问题悬而未决

JUDY WOODRUFF: While the U.S. grapples with migrants coming to the U.S.-Mexico border, European leaders continue their struggle with the far bigger influx¹ of refugees and migrants landing on their shores from the Middle East, Africa, and beyond. As William Brangham reports, the compromise E.U. leaders forged last night leaves many questions unanswered.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: After a marathon all-night summit in Brussels, leaders from the European Union agreed to create formal centers to process migrants trying to enter Europe. German Chancellor² Angela Merkel applauded the deal.

ANGELA MERKEL, German Chancellor (through translator): After intensive discussion on perhaps the most challenging topic for the European Union, it's a good message that we agreed on a common text.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Michael Peel covered the meeting for The Financial Times.

MICHAEL PEEL, The Financial Times: It calls for centers within the E.U. countries where migrants can essentially³ be redistributed and their asylum⁴ claims processed, and then they move on from there. And the idea there is to take some of the pressure off the so-called front-line Mediterranean⁵ states, where most migrants arrive from, from North Africa.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: But, late last night, any agreement seemed in jeopardy⁶, amid competing, stark⁷ differences among the leaders and a growing, anti-immigrant sentiment in Europe. Italy's newly elected prime minister, Giuseppe Conte, was swept to power in part by concern over the hundreds of thousands of migrants who've entered Italy in recent years. Italy wanted other E.U. nations to promise to take more of the refugees who land on its shores. But others in Central and Eastern Europe, like Hungary's Viktor Orban, rejected any formal quotas⁸ for accepting migrants. Orban has for years argued that migrants from the Middle East and Africa are a threat to his nation and to Europe more broadly.

VIKTOR ORBAN, Prime Minister of Hungary (through translator): The most essential goal is preserving the security of Hungary and securing the future of Christian⁹ culture in Europe.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Michael Peel says nations like Hungary and the Czech Republic wouldn't have signed any deal that set binding¹⁰ requirements on them.

MICHAEL PEEL: Tells us a lot about the deep divisions in the E.U. about how to deal with migration¹¹, because this is something that Italy in particular, as well as other Mediterranean states, where most migrants arrive, did not want. They wanted a compulsory¹² mechanism¹³ to force all countries in the E.U. to share the burden and share the responsibility. But there are some states in the E.U., including, notably¹⁴, Hungary and other Central European states, who simply refuse to do that.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Germany's Angela Merkel is facing a domestic political revolt that threatens her political survival. She has staunchly advocated for migrants entering Germany, and it's unclear if this agreement will quell¹⁵ that fight. Merkel did insert language into the deal that gets E.U. nations to agree to combat what's known as secondary migration. That's when migrants arrive in one country and apply for asylum, but then migrate to other E.U. countries. Concern over that second step has been one of main complaints of Merkel's domestic opponents.

MICHAEL PEEL: Angela Merkel can say that she got something from this summit. The Italian government can say that it got something from this summit. But the price of cobbling together this agreement in the early hours of the morning was that it has left a lot of things very vague. There are very few actual obligations to carry through in this agreement. And so critics say this is simply kicking the can down the road, and this is not a long-term solution.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: While the number of migrants trying to enter Europe has declined since its peak in 2015, thousands still try the dangerous journey every month, and their plights¹⁶ will no doubt continue to roil¹⁷ European politics. For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm William Brangham.

朱蒂·伍德拉夫：当美国与来自美墨边境的移民纠缠时，欧洲领导人们则继续与大批涌入的难民及移民做着斗争，这些难民及移民来自中东、非洲及其他地区。

如威廉·布拉汉姆报道，欧盟各领导人昨晚达成的协议留下了诸多疑问。

威廉·布拉汉姆：在布鲁塞尔举行的马拉松式通宵峰会后，欧盟各领导人同意成立正式中心来处理欧洲移民问题。德国总理安吉拉·默克尔对这表示赞赏。

安吉拉·默克尔，德国总理（通过翻译）：这个话题或许是欧盟最具挑战性的话题，在经过激烈的讨论后，终于迎来了一个好消息，那就是我们就此达成了一致。

威廉·布拉汉姆：迈克尔·皮尔为《金融时报》报道了此次会议。

迈克尔·皮尔，《金融时报》：这项提议呼吁在欧盟各国成立中心，移民基本上可以获得重新分配，他们的庇护要求可以得到处理，然后他们可以从那里继续生活。这个想法为所谓的前线地中海国家卸掉了一些压力，这些国家是大多数来自北非的移民选择的目的地。

威廉·布拉汉姆：但是，昨晚，任何协议似乎都处在危险之中，处在争斗之中，各国领导人之间的意见存在明显分歧，反对移民的情绪在欧洲不断上涨。意大利新当选的总理朱塞佩·孔特重掌大权，部分原因正是由于近几年来进入意大利的数十万移民。意大利希望其他欧盟国家承诺承担更多在其海岸线登岸的移民。但在其他中东欧国家，比如匈牙利的维克托·奥尔班，拒绝接受任何移民正式配额。多年来，奥尔班一直认为来自中东和非洲的移民对他的国家是个威胁，同时也给欧洲带来了更为广泛的威胁。

维克托·奥尔班，匈牙利总理（通过翻译）：最根本的目标是维护匈牙利的安全，以及确保欧洲基督教文化的未来。

威廉·布拉汉姆：迈克尔·皮尔说，像匈牙利和捷克共和国这样的国家不会签署任何对他们有约束力要求的协议。

迈克尔·皮尔：这告诉我们，关于如何处理移民问题，欧盟内部产生了严重分歧，因为这是，尤其是意大利，还有其他地中海国家不想看到的，这些国家是大多数移民选择的登岸地点。他们希望能有一个强制机制，迫使欧盟所有国家，共挑重担，分担责任。但欧盟中有一些国家，很明显包括尤其是匈牙利和其他中欧国家，他们拒绝这么做。

威廉·布拉汉姆：德国的安吉拉·默克尔正面临一场威胁她政治生存的国内政治反叛。她坚决主张移民前往德国，目前还不清楚这项协议是否能平息这场争斗。默克尔确实力劝欧盟各国达成这项协议，使他们同意对抗所谓的二次移民。也就是说，移民来到一个国家，申请庇护，然后又移居到其他欧盟国家。对二次移民的关注一直是默克尔国内反对者们主要抱怨的内容之一。

迈克尔·皮尔：安吉拉·默克尔可以说她在本次峰会中有所收获。意大利政府可以说它在本次峰会中有所收获。但是，在清晨，把这项协议凑在一起的代价是，其中有很多事情非常模糊。在这项协议中很少涉及要履行的实际义务。所以批评家们说，这只是在拖延时间，而不是一个长期的解决方案。

威廉·布拉汉姆：虽然尝试进入欧洲的移民数量，自2015年高峰期以来，有所下降，但每个月仍有数千人尝试这段危险的旅程，而他们的困境无疑会继续对欧洲政治进行搅扰。PBS新闻一小时，我是威廉·布拉汉姆。

1 influx   

n.流入，注入

参考例句：

• The country simply cannot absorb this influx of refugees.这个国家实在不能接纳这么多涌入的难民。
• Textile workers favoured protection because they feared an influx of cheap cloth.纺织工人拥护贸易保护措施，因为他们担心涌入廉价纺织品。

2 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

3 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

4 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

5 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

6 jeopardy   

n.危险；危难

参考例句：

• His foolish behaviour may put his whole future in jeopardy.他愚蠢的行为可能毁了他一生的前程。
• It is precisely at this juncture that the boss finds himself in double jeopardy.恰恰在这个关键时刻，上司发现自己处于进退两难的境地。

7 stark   

adj.荒凉的；严酷的；完全的；adv.完全地

参考例句：

• The young man is faced with a stark choice.这位年轻人面临严峻的抉择。
• He gave a stark denial to the rumor.他对谣言加以完全的否认。

8 quotas   

（正式限定的）定量( quota的名词复数 )； 定额； 指标； 摊派

参考例句：

• In fulfilling the production quotas, John made rings round all his fellow workers. 约翰完成生产定额大大超过他的同事们。
• Quotas of the means of production are allocated by the higher administrative bodies to the lower ones. 物资指标按隶属关系分配。

9 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

10 binding   

有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的

参考例句：

• The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。
• Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。

11 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

12 compulsory   

n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的

参考例句：

• Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修课吗？
• Compulsory schooling ends at sixteen.义务教育至16岁为止。

13 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

14 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

15 quell   

v.压制，平息，减轻

参考例句：

• Soldiers were sent in to quell the riots.士兵们被派去平息骚乱。
• The armed force had to be called out to quell violence.不得不出动军队来镇压暴力行动。

16 plights   

n.境况，困境( plight的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Considering the plights in reality, Zhuang Zi viewed spiritual freedom as the ultimate ideal of life. 庄子立足于现实的种种困境，以实现人生的逍遥游为最高境界。 来自互联网

17 roil   

v.搅浑，激怒

参考例句：

• Times of national turmoil generally roil a country's financial markets.在国家动荡不安的时代，该国的金融市场一般都会出现混乱。
• Some of her habits are off-putting but don't let them roil you.她的一些习惯让人恶心，但最好别烦你。