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科学美国人60秒 SSS 激光进步改变了我们的生活:诺贝尔物理学奖

时间:2019-01-04 06:20来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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Laser Advances That Changed Our Lives: Nobel Prize in Physics

“This year’s prize is about tools made from light. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has today decided1 to award the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics with one half to Arthur Ashkin for the optical tweezers2 and their application to biological systems and the other half jointly3 to Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses.G?ran Hansson, secretary general of the academy, earlier today. And I’m Steve Mirsky. Welcome to Scientific American’s Science Talk, posted on October 2, 2018.

今年的奖项是关于由光制成的工具。瑞典皇家科学院今天决定授予2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的一半为光学镊子和亚瑟阿什金应用生物系统和另一半共同杰拉德莫瑞和唐娜?斯特里克兰的方法产生高强度的超短光脉冲。该学院秘书长戈兰·汉森今天早些时候表示。我是史蒂夫·米尔斯基。欢迎来到发表于2018年10月2日的《科学美国人》科学讲座。

Ashkin’s optical tweezers are the real life version of Star Trek’s tractor beams—although they’re capable of grasping and manipulating only very small objects, like a single cell, not a whole shuttle craft. And the optical pulses of Mourou and Strickland have made numerous applications possible, notably4 laser eye surgery. What follows is an edited version of the announcement and press conference.

阿什金的光学镊子是《星际迷航》中牵引机光束的真实版本——尽管它们只能抓取和操纵很小的物体,比如单个细胞,而不是整个航天飞机。莫瑞和斯特里克兰的光脉冲使许多应用成为可能,特别是激光眼科手术。以下是经过编辑的公告和新闻发布会。

“And with me here on podium is, to my right, Professor Olga Botner, the chairman of the Nobel Committee for Physics, and on my left side, Professor Mats Larsson, who is the member of the committee and an expert in the field of this year’s prize…

“和我一起站在讲台上的是,在我右边的是诺贝尔物理学奖委员会主席奥尔加·博特纳教授,在我左边的是委员会成员、今年诺贝尔物理学奖专家马茨·拉尔森教授……”

“Arthur Ashkin was born in 1922 in New York City. He made his remarkable5 invention at the Bell Laboratories in New Jersey6 in the United States. Gérard Mourou was born in 1944 in Albertville in France. And he’s currently at the école Polytechnique in Palaiseau in France, and also affiliated7 with the University of Michigan in the United States.

亚瑟·阿什金1922年出生于纽约市。他在美国新泽西州的贝尔实验室完成了他的非凡发明。1944年,杰拉德·莫瑞出生于法国阿尔贝维尔。他现在在法国帕莱索的理工学院工作,也在美国的密歇根大学工作。

“Donna Strickland was born in 1959 in Guelph, Ontario, Canada, and she’s currently at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Drs. Mourou and Strickland did much of their groundbreaking work together at the University of Rochester in the United States.”REST OF ANNOUNCEMENT AND PRESS CONFERENCE

唐娜·斯特里克兰德1959年出生于加拿大安大略省圭尔夫市,目前就读于加拿大滑铁卢大学。Drs。Mourou和Strickland在美国罗切斯特大学共同从事了许多开创性的工作。剩下的公告和新闻发布会

Following the announcement and press conference, Swedish journalist Joanna Rose spoke8 with Mats Larsson about the Nobel-winning research.We’ll be back tomorrow with coverage9 of the Nobel Prize in chemistry. We leave you with music from the 2015 International Year of Light global initiative. New Nobel Laureate Gérard Mourou is a composer and contributed some of the lyrics10 for this piece. Along with Jér?me Musiani, Vince McClenny. That’s Vince McClenny performing.

在宣布这一消息并召开新闻发布会之后,瑞典记者乔安娜·罗斯(Joanna Rose)接受了马茨·拉尔森(Mats Larsson)的采访。明天我们会回来报道诺贝尔化学奖。我们为您献上2015国际光年全球倡议的音乐。新诺贝尔奖得主杰拉德·莫瑞(Gerard Mourou)是一位作曲家,为这首曲子贡献了部分歌词。和杰罗姆·穆赛尼一起的还有文斯·麦克伦尼。那是文斯·麦克伦尼的表演。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
2 tweezers ffxzlw     
n.镊子
参考例句:
  • We simply removed from the cracked endocarp with sterile tweezers.我们简单地用消过毒的镊子从裂开的内果皮中取出种子。
  • Bee stings should be removed with tweezers.蜜蜂的螫刺应该用小镊子拔出来。
3 jointly jp9zvS     
ad.联合地,共同地
参考例句:
  • Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
  • She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。
4 notably 1HEx9     
adv.值得注意地,显著地,尤其地,特别地
参考例句:
  • Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席,特别是连班长也没来。
  • A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小,一头银发,每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。
5 remarkable 8Vbx6     
adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的
参考例句:
  • She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
  • These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。
6 jersey Lp5zzo     
n.运动衫
参考例句:
  • He wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。
  • They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致,都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。
7 affiliated 78057fb733c9c93ffbdc5f0ed15ef458     
adj. 附属的, 有关连的
参考例句:
  • The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
  • All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。
8 spoke XryyC     
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
参考例句:
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
9 coverage nvwz7v     
n.报导,保险范围,保险额,范围,覆盖
参考例句:
  • There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
  • This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。
10 lyrics ko5zoz     
n.歌词
参考例句:
  • music and lyrics by Rodgers and Hart 由罗杰斯和哈特作词作曲
  • The book contains lyrics and guitar tablatures for over 100 songs. 这本书有100多首歌的歌词和吉他奏法谱。
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