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科学美国人60秒 SSS 从天空扫描古代文明

时间:2019-01-04 06:22来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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Scanning Ancient Civilizations from the Skies

If there's a fifth Indiana Jones movie, Indy might want to use one of the hottest new tools revolutionizing archaeology1: LiDAR, or Light Detection and Ranging, which allows archaeologists to survey ancient sites from the skies.

如果有第五部印第安那·琼斯的电影,印地安那·琼斯可能会想要使用一种最热门的新工具来革新考古学:激光雷达,或者光探测和测距,它可以让考古学家从天空中调查古代遗址。

"Think of an impressionistic painting, the closer you look at the painting, the closer you look at the painting you see the brush strokes. When you pull away, suddenly it's obviously the face of a woman in a park. You know, your brain can interpolate that stuff better at a distance."Marcello Canuto, an archaeologist at Tulane University.

“想象一幅印象派的画,你越仔细地看这幅画,你就越仔细地看这幅画,你就会看到笔触。当你抽离的时候,突然间很明显是公园里一个女人的脸。你知道,你的大脑可以在很远的地方更好地插值。卡努托(Marcello Canuto),杜兰大学(Tulane University)的考古学家。

"LiDAR allows us to see these small little features that close up look like little pieces of data that we're not sure what to do with, but when you zoom2 out, there it is, clear as day."The technology works like radar3, but shoots laser pulses instead of radio waves, to 3-D map a landscape. In 2016 it was used to map over 800 square miles of Guatemalan jungle, including the area around the famous tourist site Tikal. Canuto remembers when he and his colleagues first saw the footage.

“激光雷达可以让我们看到这些小特征,这些小特征看起来就像小数据,我们不知道该怎么处理,但当你缩小,它就像白天一样清晰。”这项技术的工作原理类似于雷达,但它可以发射激光脉冲而不是无线电波,从而绘制出三维景观图。2016年,它被用来绘制超过800平方英里的危地马拉丛林地图,包括著名旅游景点蒂卡尔周围的区域。卡努托还记得他和他的同事第一次看到这段录像的时候。

"One hour went into two, went into three. We just lost track of time. It got dark outside, we were just open mouthed, we couldn't believe what we were seeing." What they discovered, after careful analysis, were buildings in areas they'd already excavated4. And big landscape-level features, like canals and roads, bridges, ditches and walls.

两个小时过去了,三个小时过去了。我们只是忘了时间。外面天黑了,我们只是张着嘴,简直不敢相信我们看到了什么。经过仔细分析,他们发现的是他们已经挖掘过的地区的建筑。还有大型景观设施,如运河和道路、桥梁、沟渠和围墙。

"It was a very humbling5 moment for all of us. To be able to think, wow, that was under our feet the whole time and we didn't recognize it." Overall, the density6 of structures suggests a population of somewhere between seven and 11 million people in the region, more than 1000 years ago - which aligns7 with previous estimates. Maps, photos and a catalog of what they found are in the journal Science. [Marcello A. Canuto et al., Ancient lowland Maya complexity8 as revealed by airborne laser scanning of northern Guatemala]

“对我们所有人来说,这是一个非常谦卑的时刻。能够思考,哇,这一直在我们的脚下,我们没有意识到。总体而言,结构密度表明该地区的人口大约在1000多年前的700万到1100万之间,这与之前的估计相符。他们发现的地图、照片和目录刊登在《科学》杂志上。

Nearly 100 years ago, the famous aviators9 Anne and Charles Lindbergh flew over some of the same swaths of jungle, taking photographs from the sky, partly in hopes of aiding archaeologists. "It was very early appreciated that under the jungle canopy10 there was a lot to see. If we could only see through the jungle canopy." Now, we can. And it's a foundation, Canuto says, for an entirely11 new era in archaeology.

近100年前,著名的飞行员安妮和查尔斯·林德伯格(Anne和Charles Lindbergh)飞越了同一片丛林,从空中拍摄照片,部分原因是希望能帮助考古学家。“很早就意识到,在丛林的树冠下有很多东西可以看。如果我们能透过丛林的树冠。”现在,我们可以。卡努托说,这是考古学一个全新时代的基础。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 archaeology 0v2zi     
n.考古学
参考例句:
  • She teaches archaeology at the university.她在大学里教考古学。
  • He displayed interest in archaeology.他对考古学有兴趣。
2 zoom VenzWT     
n.急速上升;v.突然扩大,急速上升
参考例句:
  • The airplane's zoom carried it above the clouds.飞机的陡直上升使它飞到云层之上。
  • I live near an airport and the zoom of passing planes can be heard night and day.我住在一个飞机场附近,昼夜都能听到飞机飞过的嗡嗡声。
3 radar kTUxx     
n.雷达,无线电探测器
参考例句:
  • They are following the flight of an aircraft by radar.他们正在用雷达追踪一架飞机的飞行。
  • Enemy ships were detected on the radar.敌舰的影像已显现在雷达上。
4 excavated 3cafdb6f7c26ffe41daf7aa353505858     
v.挖掘( excavate的过去式和过去分词 );开凿;挖出;发掘
参考例句:
  • The site has been excavated by archaeologists. 这个遗址已被考古学家发掘出来。
  • The archaeologists excavated an ancient fortress. 考古学家们发掘出一个古堡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 humbling 643ebf3f558f4dfa49252dce8143a9c8     
adj.令人羞辱的v.使谦恭( humble的现在分词 );轻松打败(尤指强大的对手);低声下气
参考例句:
  • A certain humbling from time to time is good. 不时受点儿屈辱是有好处的。 来自辞典例句
  • It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character-buildingexperience. 据说天文学是一种令人产生自卑、塑造人格的科学。 来自互联网
6 density rOdzZ     
n.密集,密度,浓度
参考例句:
  • The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
  • The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。
7 aligns f51edfba3ed0b417b4851a1f2581cf7d     
使成一线( align的第三人称单数 ); 排整齐; 校准; 公开支持(某人、集体或观点)
参考例句:
  • HASP SRM fully aligns with the software product lifecycle. HASPSRM完全遵循软件产品的生命周期。
  • Significant employee aligns the interests of our employees and our shareholders. 员工大量持股可以使员工与股东的利益协调一致。
8 complexity KO9z3     
n.复杂(性),复杂的事物
参考例句:
  • Only now did he understand the full complexity of the problem.直到现在他才明白这一问题的全部复杂性。
  • The complexity of the road map puzzled me.错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。
9 aviators eacd926e0a2ed8e8a5c57fc639faa5e8     
飞机驾驶员,飞行员( aviator的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Analysis on Sickness Status of 1149 Aviators during Recuperation. 飞行员1149例疗养期间患病情况分析。
  • In America the whole scale is too big, except for aviators. 在美国整个景象的比例都太大了,不过对飞行员来说是个例外。
10 canopy Rczya     
n.天篷,遮篷
参考例句:
  • The trees formed a leafy canopy above their heads.树木在他们头顶上空形成了一个枝叶茂盛的遮篷。
  • They lay down under a canopy of stars.他们躺在繁星点点的天幕下。
11 entirely entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
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TAG标签:   科学美国人60秒  英语听力  sss
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