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科学美国人60秒 SSS 保存完好的粪便是考古珍品

时间:2020-03-17 02:43来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

For a long time, archaeologists have dug for the shiny stuff, the sorts of artifacts that belong in museums. "They like pots and jewelry1 and gold and stuff like that."

很长时间以来,考古学家一直在挖掘闪亮的东西,就是要放在博物馆的那种手工艺品。“他们喜欢陶罐、珠宝、黄金之类的东西。”

Piers2 Mitchell, a biological anthropologist3 at the University of Cambridge. Mitchell spends his time l?ooking for something decidedly different from such handmade relics4. The thing he seeks? "A preserved piece of human feces."

剑桥大学的生物人类学家皮尔斯·米切尔说到。米切尔花时间寻找与这些手工文物截然不同的东西。他在寻找什么?“一块保存完好的人类粪便。”

Coprolites, as they're called, are dried or mineralized pieces of poop. And Mitchell and his team found some prime specimens5 in a trash heap at the ancient settlement of atalhyük in modern-day Turkey, which dates from 6000 to 7000 B.C.

粪化石——顾名思义,就是干燥或矿化的粪便块。米切尔及其团队在恰塔霍裕克古代定居点的垃圾堆中发现了一些主要标本,该定居点位于如今的土耳其境内,年代可追溯至公元前6000至7000年前。

Mitchell's team ground up the poop samples with a mortar6 and pestle7, then dissolved them and used microsieves to filter out particles of various sizes. The presence of certain molecules8 tipped them off that it was indeed human poop.

米切尔的团队用研钵和杵研杵磨碎粪便样本,之后将它们溶解,并用微过滤器过滤出不同大小的颗粒。某些分子的存在提示他们这确实是人类的粪便。

And in two of the samples they found the intact eggs of whipworm, an intestinal9 parasite10 that is far more likely to flourish in settlements than among people who poop and then move along to a new location. The discovery gives us a glimpse of how human health may have changed as hunter-gatherers started to adopt a stationary11, agricultural lifestyle.

在其中两份样本中,他们发现了鞭虫的完整卵,鞭虫是一种肠道寄生虫,比起在排便后转移到新地点者的体内,它更有可能在定居点大量繁殖。这一发现使我们得以一瞥狩猎采集者开始适应固定的农业生活方式后,人类健康如何随之改变。

"It's only by looking at these earliest villages and towns that were set up in the Middle East that we can really start to understand that when humans change their lifestyle to a different way of getting food, how it can increase or decrease their risk of getting different kinds of diseases."

“只有通过观察这些建立在中东地区的最早的村落和城镇,我们才能真正开始理解人类何时改变了自已的生活方式,转变为另一种捕食方式,理解这如何增加或降低患不同种类疾病的风险。”

The results are in the journal Antiquity12.

研究结果发表在《古物》期刊上。

The findings prove that ancient poop is flush ... with details about past civilizations.

研究结果证明,古代粪便中充满了古代文明的细节。

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 jewelry 0auz1     
n.(jewllery)(总称)珠宝
参考例句:
  • The burglars walked off with all my jewelry.夜盗偷走了我的全部珠宝。
  • Jewelry and lace are mostly feminine belongings.珠宝和花边多数是女性用品。
2 piers 97df53049c0dee20e54484371e5e225c     
n.水上平台( pier的名词复数 );(常设有娱乐场所的)突堤;柱子;墙墩
参考例句:
  • Most road bridges have piers rising out of the vally. 很多公路桥的桥墩是从河谷里建造起来的。 来自辞典例句
  • At these piers coasters and landing-craft would be able to discharge at all states of tide. 沿岸航行的海船和登陆艇,不论潮汐如何涨落,都能在这种码头上卸载。 来自辞典例句
3 anthropologist YzgzPk     
n.人类学家,人类学者
参考例句:
  • The lecturer is an anthropologist.这位讲师是人类学家。
  • The anthropologist unearthed the skull of an ancient human at the site.人类学家在这个遗址挖掘出那块古人类的颅骨。
4 relics UkMzSr     
[pl.]n.遗物,遗迹,遗产;遗体,尸骸
参考例句:
  • The area is a treasure house of archaeological relics. 这个地区是古文物遗迹的宝库。
  • Xi'an is an ancient city full of treasures and saintly relics. 西安是一个有很多宝藏和神圣的遗物的古老城市。
5 specimens 91fc365099a256001af897127174fcce     
n.样品( specimen的名词复数 );范例;(化验的)抽样;某种类型的人
参考例句:
  • Astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the moon. 宇航员从月球带回了岩石标本。
  • The traveler brought back some specimens of the rocks from the mountains. 那位旅行者从山上带回了一些岩石标本。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 mortar 9EsxR     
n.灰浆,灰泥;迫击炮;v.把…用灰浆涂接合
参考例句:
  • The mason flushed the joint with mortar.泥工用灰浆把接缝处嵌平。
  • The sound of mortar fire seemed to be closing in.迫击炮的吼声似乎正在逼近。
7 pestle dMGxX     
n.杵
参考例句:
  • He ground the rock candy with a mortar and pestle.他自己动手用研钵和杵把冰糖研成粉。
  • An iron pestle can be ground down to a needle.只要功夫深,铁杵磨成针。
8 molecules 187c25e49d45ad10b2f266c1fa7a8d49     
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
  • Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里,大分子裂变为小分子。
9 intestinal DbHzX     
adj.肠的;肠壁;肠道细菌
参考例句:
  • A few other conditions are in high intestinal obstruction. 其它少数情况是高位肠梗阻。 来自辞典例句
  • This complication has occasionally occurred following the use of intestinal antiseptics. 这种并发症偶而发生在使用肠道抗菌剂上。 来自辞典例句
10 parasite U4lzN     
n.寄生虫;寄生菌;食客
参考例句:
  • The lazy man was a parasite on his family.那懒汉是家里的寄生虫。
  • I don't want to be a parasite.I must earn my own way in life.我不想做寄生虫,我要自己养活自己。
11 stationary CuAwc     
adj.固定的,静止不动的
参考例句:
  • A stationary object is easy to be aimed at.一个静止不动的物体是容易瞄准的。
  • Wait until the bus is stationary before you get off.你要等公共汽车停稳了再下车。
12 antiquity SNuzc     
n.古老;高龄;古物,古迹
参考例句:
  • The museum contains the remains of Chinese antiquity.博物馆藏有中国古代的遗物。
  • There are many legends about the heroes of antiquity.有许多关于古代英雄的传说。
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TAG标签:   科学美国人60秒  英语听力  sss
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