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科学美国人60秒 SSS 一小勺月球土给人类带来的巨大影响

时间:2020-05-06 09:08来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。

The Apollo missions brought back 842 pounds of rock and soil from the moon... nearly 2200 different samples. But there's one sample that planetary scientist Meenakshi Wadhwa says is the most interesting of all: "Apollo 1-0-0-8-5."

阿波罗任务从月球上带回了842磅岩石和土壤,近2200种不同的样本。但行星科学家米纳克什·瓦德瓦说,其中有一份样本是最有趣的:“阿波罗1-0-0-8-5”。

Neil Armstrong collected it on Apollo 11.

尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在执行阿波罗11号任务时收集。

"He was about to step back into the lunar module1 and he turned around and had this rock box and he saw little spaces in there and he knew that these geologists3 on earth would be just so excited to study these materials, he just scooped5 up I think nine scoops6 of soil that he put into the box."

“他当时正要回到登月舱,他转过身来,手上拿着装着石头的盒子,他看到里面还有些空间,他知道地球上的地质学家会非常兴奋地研究这些材料,于是他就挖了几勺月球土壤装进了盒子里,我想大概是9勺。”

It became one of the most well studied samples of the Apollo missions, she says. And a geologist2 named John Wood, at the Smithsonian, noticed white flecks7 of rock in the soil... which he identified as a rock type called anorthosite. And it clued him in to the moon's ancient past.

她说,这成为了阿波罗任务中研究得最充分的样本之一。史密森学会的地质学家约翰·伍德注意到了土壤中有白色斑点的岩石,他认定那是一种名为斜长岩的岩石类型。这使他详细了解了月球的远古历史。

"And this was quite a leap of imagination but he proposed that the whole of the moon had at one time in the past, you know, somewhere close to 4.5 billion years ago, been almost covered with a global magma ocean. You know, an ocean of lava8. And so this was a revolutionary idea at the time. Because people had thought the moon had formed cold, so it completely changed our idea how the moon formed, how the terrestrial planets formed, like the Earth as well. You know, it really changed a lot about our understanding of planetary science."

“这是想象力的巨大飞跃,但他提出,整个月球大约在近45亿年前,几乎被岩浆海洋完全覆盖。就是那种熔岩海洋。这在当时是个革命性的想法。因为人们一直认为月球是冷形成的,所以这彻底改变了我们在月球形成方式上的观点,也改变了我们对类地行星形成方式的观点,这包括地球在内。这真的极大地改变了我们对行星科学的理解。”

But Wadhwa has a second—and more personal—reason to appreciate this sample.

但瓦德瓦感谢这个样本还有第二个原因,也是更私人的原因。

"I met my husband because of this rock. My husband is Scott Parazynski, he was with NASA as an astronaut for 17 years, from 1992 to 2009. And after his retirement9 from NASA, he was a mountaineer as well. And he had always aspired10 to climb Mount Everest."

“我因为这块岩石遇见了我的丈夫。我丈夫是斯科特·帕拉兹斯基,他从1992年到2009年,在美国国家航空航天局(简称NASA)做了17年宇航员。从NASA退休后,他还成为了登山运动员。他一直渴望登上珠穆朗玛峰。”

Scott's boyhood heroes were Neil Armstrong, and the climber Edmund Hillary, who made the first confirmed ascent11 of Everest with his partner Tenzing Norgay.

斯科特少年时代的英雄是尼尔·阿姆斯特朗和攀登者埃德蒙·希拉里,后者和同伴丹增·诺盖是首批成功登顶珠峰的人。

"In honor of them, he wanted to take a moon rock from Apollo 11 to the top of Mount Everest, and to bring back an Everest summit rock."

“为了纪念他们,他想把阿波罗11号带回来的一块月球岩石带到珠峰峰顶,然后将珠峰峰顶的岩石带回来。”

At the time Wadhwa was the chair of the NASA committee that grants access to the samples for scientific purposes. But this request, she says, was definitely out of the ordinary.

当时,瓦德瓦是NASA一个委员会的主席,该委员会授权以科学目的接触样本。她说,这一请求绝对不同寻常。

"I just remember it because it was a really funny discussion in the committee room, you know, hey, what if that moon rock falls down a crevasse12, you know, and Scott would be going down with that moon rock of course!"

“我之所以记得这个请求,是因为我们在委员会会室进行了非常有趣的讨论,我们说到‘嘿,要是月球岩石掉到裂缝里怎么办?斯科特当然会跟着那块月球岩石一起掉下去!’”

But Scott made it to the top. Wadhwa never met him, and moved on from the lunar sample committee. But then, a year or two later, she saw a friend suggestion pop up on Facebook: you might know Scott Parazynski.

但斯科特成功登顶了。瓦德瓦从未见过他,并离开了月球样品委员会。但一两年之后,她看到脸谱网上弹出了好友推荐:你可能认识斯科特·帕拉兹斯基。

"And I reached out to him and I said, 'hey, how did that expedition go and did you return the moon rock to NASA?' And he sent me this note back, 'Well, you know, actually I didn't send the moon rock back to NASA. I actually sent it back to the International Space Station along with a Everest summit rock. And if you ever happen to be in Houston I'd love to meet you and thank you for making that possible.' And so I happened to meet him… and that was it. You know, that’s how we met."

“我联系到他并问道:‘嘿,那次探险怎么样?你把月球岩石还给NASA了吗?’他回复我说:‘其实我并没把月球岩石还给NASA。我把它和珠峰峰顶的岩石一起送回了国际空间站。如果你刚巧在休斯敦,我想和你见面,感谢你促成这件事。’我碰巧遇到了他……就是这样。我们就是这样遇见彼此的。”

And so Neil Armstrong's last-minute scoop4 of moon dust brought two people together here on Earth... and upturned our understanding of how the moon—and the Earth itself—got here.

可以说,尼尔·阿姆斯特朗最后一刻挖的几勺月球尘土,让地球上的两个人走到了一起,还颠覆了我们对月球以及地球本身是如何形成发展的理解。

Christopher: There's something in there, 'One small scoop for a man...'

克里斯托弗:有句话说的是:‘一个人的一小勺,’

Meenakshi: "Yeah! A magma ocean for mankind. Yeah, exactly. 'One small scoop for a man, a magma ocean for mankind.'"

米纳克什:“对!是人类的岩浆海。对,没错。‘一个人的一小勺,是整个人类的一大片岩浆海。’”

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 module iEjxj     
n.组件,模块,模件;(航天器的)舱
参考例句:
  • The centre module displays traffic guidance information.中央模块显示交通引导信息。
  • Two large tanks in the service module held liquid oxygen.服务舱的两个大气瓶中装有液态氧。
2 geologist ygIx7     
n.地质学家
参考例句:
  • The geologist found many uncovered fossils in the valley.在那山谷里,地质学家发现了许多裸露的化石。
  • He was a geologist,rated by his cronies as the best in the business.他是一位地质学家,被他的老朋友们看做是这门行当中最好的一位。
3 geologists 1261592151f6aa40819f7687883760a2     
地质学家,地质学者( geologist的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Geologists uncovered the hidden riches. 地质学家发现了地下的宝藏。
  • Geologists study the structure of the rocks. 地质学家研究岩石结构。
4 scoop QD1zn     
n.铲子,舀取,独家新闻;v.汲取,舀取,抢先登出
参考例句:
  • In the morning he must get his boy to scoop it out.早上一定得叫佣人把它剜出来。
  • Uh,one scoop of coffee and one scoop of chocolate for me.我要一勺咖啡的和一勺巧克力的。
5 scooped a4cb36a9a46ab2830b09e95772d85c96     
v.抢先报道( scoop的过去式和过去分词 );(敏捷地)抱起;抢先获得;用铲[勺]等挖(洞等)
参考例句:
  • They scooped the other newspapers by revealing the matter. 他们抢先报道了这件事。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car. 车轮搅起的石块,在车身下发出不吉祥的锤击声。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 scoops a48da330759d774ce6eee2d35f1d9e34     
n.小铲( scoop的名词复数 );小勺;一勺[铲]之量;(抢先刊载、播出的)独家新闻v.抢先报道( scoop的第三人称单数 );(敏捷地)抱起;抢先获得;用铲[勺]等挖(洞等)
参考例句:
  • two scoops of mashed potato 两勺土豆泥
  • I used three scoops of flour and one(scoop)of sugar. 我用了三杓面粉和一杓糖。 来自辞典例句
7 flecks c7d86ea41777cc9990756f19aa9c3f69     
n.斑点,小点( fleck的名词复数 );癍
参考例句:
  • His hair was dark, with flecks of grey. 他的黑发间有缕缕银丝。
  • I got a few flecks of paint on the window when I was painting the frames. 我在漆窗框时,在窗户上洒了几点油漆。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 lava v9Zz5     
n.熔岩,火山岩
参考例句:
  • The lava flowed down the sides of the volcano.熔岩沿火山坡面涌流而下。
  • His anger spilled out like lava.他的愤怒像火山爆发似的迸发出来。
9 retirement TWoxH     
n.退休,退职
参考例句:
  • She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
  • I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。
10 aspired 379d690dd1367e3bafe9aa80ae270d77     
v.渴望,追求( aspire的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • She aspired to a scientific career. 她有志于科学事业。
  • Britain,France,the United States and Japan all aspired to hegemony after the end of World War I. 第一次世界大战后,英、法、美、日都想争夺霸权。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 ascent TvFzD     
n.(声望或地位)提高;上升,升高;登高
参考例句:
  • His rapid ascent in the social scale was surprising.他的社会地位提高之迅速令人吃惊。
  • Burke pushed the button and the elevator began its slow ascent.伯克按动电钮,电梯开始缓慢上升。
12 crevasse AoJzN     
n. 裂缝,破口;v.使有裂缝
参考例句:
  • The deep crevasse yawned at their feet.他们脚下的冰川有一道深深的裂缝。
  • He fell down a crevasse.他从裂缝处摔了下来。
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