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科学美国人60秒 SSS 用碳同位素验证威士忌的真假

时间:2021-01-05 07:45来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Eliene Augenbraun.

这里是科学美国人――60秒科学系列,我是艾琳·奥根布劳恩。

"It came to our attention a few years ago that there were fraudulent whiskeys on the market."

“市场上存在假威士忌,这在几年前引起了我们的注意。”

Gordon Cook of the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Center.

苏格兰大学环境研究中心的戈登·库克说到。

"Scotch1 whiskey is Scotland's product, and we felt that being a radiocarbon laboratory in Scotland, we should take a lead on this."

“苏格兰威士忌是苏格兰的产品,作为苏格兰的放射性碳实验室,我们应该带头研究这个问题。”

Scotch whiskey is made from barley2, which absorbs carbon dioxide from the air as it grows. Most of the carbon is carbon-12. But a small percentage is the radioactive isotope3 carbon-14, which decays at a constant, known rate— and has therefore long been used to "carbon-date" biological samples.

苏格兰威士忌由大麦制成,而大麦在生长过程中会吸收空气中的二氧化碳。其中大部分碳是碳12。而放射性同位素碳14只占一小部分,它以一种已知的恒定速率衰变,因此长期以来一直被用于生物样品的“碳素年龄测定”。

"Then, in the early 1950s, we had the start of the atmospheric4 weapons test, and these produce carbon-14. By 1960, you were twice the natural level. And '63—there was a test ban treaty, so '63 was the maximum. Since then, the level in the atmosphere has decreased as the radiocarbon goes into the biota5 and the oceans."

“之后在上世纪50年代初,我们开始进行太空武器测试,这会产生碳14。到1960年,大气中的碳14含量为自然水平的两倍。但1963年出台了禁止试验条约,因此碳14含量在该年达到最大值。从那以后,随着放射性碳进入生物区和海洋,大气中的碳14含量逐渐下降。”

So unusually high levels of carbon-14 are associated with barley grown during the years when nuclear testing was widespread.

因此,碳14水平异常高与在核试验扩散年代生长的大麦有关。

There's obviously a lot of money in whiskey. And some classics get bought not as imbibements but as investments. Last October, a 60-year-old 1926 bottle was auctioned6 off for $1.9 million.

显然,威士忌中有大量金钱。一些经典威士忌被购买并不是为了饮用,而是为了投资。去年10月,一瓶有1926年生产的60年威士忌以190万美元的价格被拍卖。

To make sure that the stuff inside bottles of Scotch whiskey matches what's on the labels, Cook and his colleagues looked at levels of the carbon-14 in the drink. They calibrated7 levels of the radioactive variant8 of carbon in more than 200 different single-malt Scotch whiskey samples of known ages. The researchers then compared those levels to eight whiskeys claiming to have been bottled from 1847 to 1978.

为了确保苏格兰威士忌酒瓶中的物质与标签相符,库克和同事查看了酒中的碳14含量。他们校准了200多种已知年份的单一麦芽苏格兰威士忌样品中的放射性碳变种水平。之后,研究人员将这些含量与声称于1847年到1978年间装瓶的8种威士忌进行了比较。

"We haven't found any whiskeys purported9 to be from the 19th century that are genuine."

“就这些声称产于19世纪的威士忌而言,我们尚未发现任何一瓶是真货。”

Because those allegedly 19th-century bottles contained material clearly produced during the nuclear-testing era. The study is in the journal Radiocarbon.

因为那些声称是19世纪的酒瓶里,明显含有产于核试验时期的物质。这项研究发表在《放射性碳》期刊上。

Cook hopes these verification techniques will help keep the whiskey business true to the words of Robert Burns: "Here's a bottle and an honest friend."

库克希望这些验证技术能帮助威士忌酒厂忠于罗伯特·伯恩斯的名言:“这是一个瓶子和一位诚实的朋友。”

For Scientific American's 60-second Science. I'm Eliene Augenbraun.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是艾琳·奥根布劳恩。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 scotch ZZ3x8     
n.伤口,刻痕;苏格兰威士忌酒;v.粉碎,消灭,阻止;adj.苏格兰(人)的
参考例句:
  • Facts will eventually scotch these rumours.这种谣言在事实面前将不攻自破。
  • Italy was full of fine views and virtually empty of Scotch whiskey.意大利多的是美景,真正缺的是苏格兰威士忌。
2 barley 2dQyq     
n.大麦,大麦粒
参考例句:
  • They looked out across the fields of waving barley.他们朝田里望去,只见大麦随风摇摆。
  • He cropped several acres with barley.他种了几英亩大麦。
3 isotope isotope     
n.同位素
参考例句:
  • The isotope ratio is directly used for comparing oils or gases.同位素比率直接用于比较各种石油或天然气。
  • How to apply a radio isotope?如何运用放射性同位素?
4 atmospheric 6eayR     
adj.大气的,空气的;大气层的;大气所引起的
参考例句:
  • Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
  • Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。
5 biota nyVzZH     
n.生物区
参考例句:
  • They have had serious effects upon the biota of stream.它们对河流中的生物群体产生严重影响。
  • Historical biogeography attempts to reconstruct the biota history of the earth.历史生物地理学重建生物区系历史。
6 auctioned 1a9ab53832945db108ff2919e21fccc6     
v.拍卖( auction的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • It was sad to see all grandmother's lovely things being auctioned off. 眼看着祖母那些可爱的东西全都被拍卖掉,心里真不好受。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • TV franchises will be auctioned to the highest bidder. 电视特许经营权将拍卖给出价最高的投标人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 calibrated 6ac8922cd7bfd487c7dd1bd65d0f6191     
v.校准( calibrate的过去式和过去分词 );使标准化;使合标准;测量(枪的)口径
参考例句:
  • Power pesticide dusters can be calibrated and used to apply pertilizer. 动力杀虫剂可以调整用来施肥。 来自辞典例句
  • The flexible diaphragm is connected to a plat cantilever-calibrated spring. 柔韧的膜片一扁平的悬臂校正弹簧相连。 来自辞典例句
8 variant GfuzRt     
adj.不同的,变异的;n.变体,异体
参考例句:
  • We give professional suggestions according to variant tanning stages for each customer.我们针对每位顾客不同的日晒阶段,提供强度适合的晒黑建议。
  • In a variant of this approach,the tests are data- driven.这个方法的一个变种,是数据驱动的测试。
9 purported 31d1b921ac500fde8e1c5f9c5ed88fe1     
adj.传说的,谣传的v.声称是…,(装得)像是…的样子( purport的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • the scene of the purported crime 传闻中的罪案发生地点
  • The film purported to represent the lives of ordinary people. 这部影片声称旨在表现普通人的生活。 来自《简明英汉词典》
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TAG标签:   科学美国人60秒  英语听力  sss
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