英语听力—环球英语 1338 Immunizations Making Peace

 　　Voice 1

 

　　Thank you for joining us for Spotlight¹.  I’m Liz Waid.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　And I’m Joshua Leo.  Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting.  It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　It was 1994. The place was Afghanistan.  People were fighting in a terrible war. In November each fighting side agreed to stop fighting for one week. For seven days there would be peace. Both sides had agreed to peace because each side had the same important goal. They wanted health workers to give Afghani children vaccines³. Vaccines are medicines that prevent terrible diseases⁴, such as polio. Health workers freely⁵ gave the vaccines to the people who needed them most - mothers and children.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　For seven days there was peace in warring Afghanistan.  Health workers vaccinated⁷ hundreds of thousands of mothers and children. People across the country learned⁸ about vaccines and health care. Doctors and health care workers of the country learned new important skills. Medical centres received new medical equipment. The vaccination⁹ effort succeeded. And peace continued for two months.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　Can giving vaccines help a country find peace, even in the middle of a conflict? Some people believe it can. Today’s Spotlight is on Mass Vaccination Campaigns and Days of Tranquility.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　You may have heard other Spotlight programs about vaccines.  If a person gets a vaccine², he can avoid getting a particular sickness. Vaccines help the body to create immunity¹⁰ to harmful viruses and bacteria. The harmful viruses and bacteria do not infect vaccinated people.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　In the past, vaccines have helped to stop horrible diseases like smallpox¹¹. And many experts believe that vaccines will soon stop polio. But conflicts around the world make it more difficult to stop these diseases. Health workers are not safe travelling through war areas. Governments invest¹² in weapons and services needed for war. So, there is no extra money to buy and provide vaccines. Many resources of a country in conflict are wasted because of war. And many people suffer because of it. Health groups must be able to avoid the dangers of conflict while they take vaccines to the people.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　One answer to this problem is a Mass Immunization Campaign. ‘Immunization’ is another word for vaccination.  And a mass campaign is a big plan to help thousands of people. Mass Immunization Campaigns, or MIC’s, sometimes have other names.  For example, people call them ‘National Immunization Days’.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　However, it is difficult to organize a Mass Immunization Campaign in a war area. So, health officials and governments organize special days of peace. These also have different names. They are often called ‘Corridors of Peace’, or ‘Days of Tranquility’. Whatever name we use, they all have the same purpose. They aim to stop fighting and give out vaccines.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　During an MIC, governments, international health groups, and other concerned people organize temporary breaks in fighting. They persuade each fighting side to stop fighting for a short time. Usually these times of peace last for a few days. Health workers use these days of peace to bring vaccines to children, and sometimes to mothers.  These are the people who need vaccines the most.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　Organizers of the MIC’s clearly explain that they plan to vaccinate⁶ people from all communities. They explain that they will be fair. They will not help one fighting side more than the other.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　Fighting sides must agree that health workers will be able to travel safely through the country. They must also agree that local people will be able to travel safely to the schools, hospitals, health centres and community centres to get the vaccines. Each fighting side must be fully¹³ devoted¹⁴ to the cause. They must agree on peace, even if it is for only a short time. They must agree to work together.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　After all sides have agreed to peace, they must now spread the message to the people who need the vaccines. People need to know where, when and how to get the vaccines. They must know that getting the vaccine is important.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　Many groups and individuals devote time and money to spreading the message of an MIC. Communication is one of the most important goals of an MIC. The World Health Organization may produce large posters and information papers in local languages.  This informational literature tells people when, where, how, and why to get the vaccines.  Radio and television programs also give information about the vaccinations¹⁵. Even religious leaders often encourage their people to be vaccinated.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　Then, MICs need a way to provide the vaccines to the people. Governments, organizations and people provide money to pay for vaccines. Some health workers give their time to train more health workers inside the country.  Health workers go to as many places as they can to vaccinate people. Sometimes even the military forces of both sides get involved in a helpful way. Militaries can provide airplanes to fly vaccines to far-away areas.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　Usually MIC’s succeed very well!  They have many good effects. The MICs build community. But they also help to keep people healthy. When people are healthy, they can work. This helps to reduce poverty. This helps areas develop.  When people are healthy they have hope for a better future for themselves, their families, and their communities.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　MIC’s also encourage longer peace in areas of conflict.  Usually people on different sides of a conflict do not communicate with each other. But MIC’s depend on communication. MIC’s show people that communication between fighting sides is possible. Organizers believe that when fighting sides experience peace one time, they will probably want to experience it again! People begin to demand peace from their governments. They begin to resist any other people or governments that encourage war.

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　MIC’s in areas of conflict help to make a country a stronger community in itself, and in the world. Warring sides may have different ideas. But many still know that helping¹⁶ children makes a country stronger. A good future depends on healthy children and adults.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　Babita Bisht is a peace-building expert. She works¹⁷ for UNICEF. She explains how Days of Tranquility and Mass Immunization Campaigns can influence a country.

 

　　Voice 3

 

　　“Immunization is a very important bridge for peace. In situations of continuing conflict and unrest, there is a great amount of mistrust and hostility¹⁸ between different groups and community members. Immunization prepares the whole process of people helping each other. They go door to door, street to street, village to village. That really helps bring communities together. That really helps pass different messages. That really acts like a bridge between communities.”

 

　　Voice 2

 

　　The writer and producer of this program was Liz Waid. The voices you heard were from United States. All quotes were adapted and voiced by Spotlight. You can find our programs on the internet at http://www.radioenglish.net This .program is called ‘Immunizations Making Peace’.

 

　　Voice 1

 

　　We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.

1 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

2 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

3 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

4 diseases   

n.疾病( disease的名词复数 )；弊端；恶疾；痼疾

参考例句：

• Smoking is a causative factor in several major diseases. 抽烟是引起几种严重疾病的病因。
• The illness frequently coexists with other chronic diseases. 这种病往往与其他慢性病同时存在。

5 freely   

adv.自由地，随便地，无拘无束地

参考例句：

• She was unable to keep back her tears,and wept freely.她抑制不住泪水，痛痛快快地哭了起来。
• A liquid flows freely and has no fixed shape.液体能自由流动，无固定形态。

6 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

7 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

8 learned   

adj.有学问的，博学的；learn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
• In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里，他被视为有学问的人。

9 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

10 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

11 smallpox   

n.天花

参考例句：

• In 1742 he suffered a fatal attack of smallpox.1742年，他染上了致命的天花。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child?你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

12 invest   

v.投资；投入(时间等)；授予，赋予

参考例句：

• I have decided to invest in a new car.我已经决定买一辆新汽车。
• The best time to invest is now.现在是投资的最佳时机。

13 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

14 devoted   

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

15 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

17 works   

n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件

参考例句：

• We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
• The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。

18 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。