异类之不一样的成功启示录(MP3+中英字幕) 第4期:序言(4)

 　　This was the 1950s, years before the advent¹ of cholesterol² lowering drugs and aggressive prevention of heart disease.

　　在20世纪50年代，预防和治疗心脏病的降胆固醇药物和侵入性治疗方法都还没有出现，

　　Heart attacks were an epidemic³ in the United States.

　　心脏病成为美国人生命的一大威胁。

　　They were the leading cause of death in men under the age of sixty-five.

　　在65岁以下的死亡者中，心脏病是致死的首要因素。

　　It was impossible to be a doctor, common sense said, and not see heart disease.

　　一般来说，作为医生，是不可能不会见到心脏病死亡病例的。

　　Wolf decided⁴ to investigate.

　　沃尔夫决定展开调查。

　　He enlisted⁵ the support of some of his students and colleagues from Oklahoma.

　　他得到了俄克拉何马大学的同事和他的一些学生的支持。

　　They gathered together the death certificates from residents of the town, going back as many years as they could.

　　他们收集了罗赛托死亡居民的死亡证明，尽最大努力收集死者生前的资料，

　　They analyzed⁶ physicians' records.

　　他们分析了死者的医疗记录，

　　They took medical histories and constructed family genealogies⁷.

　　探询了死者的用药记录和家族历史。

　　"We got busy." Wolf said.

　　“我们非常忙。”沃尔夫说，

　　"We decided to do a preliminary study.

　　“我们打算作个初步的分析。

　　We started in nineteen sixty-one.

　　我们的研究从1961年开始。

　　The mayor said, 'All my sisters are going to help you.'

　　当时小城的市长对我说，‘我所有的姐妹都可以给你做帮手。’

　　He had four sisters. He said, 'You can have the town council room'

　　他有四个姐妹。他说：‘你可以住在参议厅里。’

　　I said, 'Where are you going to have council meetings?' He said, 'Well, we'll postpone⁸ them for a while.'

　　我说，‘如果这样，你又到哪里召开参议会？’他说，‘没事，我们可以把会议往后顺延一下。’

　　The ladies would bring us lunch.

　　他的那几个姐妹为我们提供午餐。

　　We had little booths where we would take blood, do EKGs.

　　我们搭了一个很小的棚子，可以在里面提取血液，做心电图。

　　We were there for four weeks.

　　我们在这待了四个星期。

　　Then I talk with the authorities.

　　随后，我们和这里的一些比较有威望的人士进行了交谈，

　　They gave us the school for the summer.

　　他们让我们整个夏天都住在学校里面，

　　We invited the entire population of Roseto to be tested."

　　我们邀请了所有罗赛托的居民进行了测试。”

　　The results were astonishing.

　　结果令人惊讶。

　　In Roseto, virtually no one under fifty-five had died of a heart attack, or showed any signs of heat disease.

　　事实上，年龄在55岁以下的罗赛托居民没有一位死于心脏病或者有心脏病的迹象。

　　For men over sixty-five, the death rate from heart disease in Roseto was roughly half that of the United States as a whole.

　　65岁以上的人当中，罗赛 托居民因为心脏病死亡的概率，还不到全美国心脏病死亡率的一半。

　　The death rate from all causes in Roseto, in fact, was 30 or 35 percent lower than it should have been.

　　实际上，在30?35岁的罗赛托居民中，各种原因致死的死亡率，也远低于原先的预期。

　　Wolf brought in a friend of his, a sociologist⁹ from Oklahoma named John Bruhn, to help him.

　　沃尔夫的朋友约翰?布魯恩，是同样来自俄克拉何马大学的社会学家。他帮助沃尔夫，参与了这项调査。

　　"I hired medical students and sociologist grad students as interviewers, and in Roseto we went house to house and talked to every person aged¹⁰ twenty-one and over," Bruhn remembers.

　　“我雇了一些医学专业的学生和社会学专业的毕业生，让他们去采访当地的民众。在罗赛托，我们一家一家地拜访，和21岁以上的每一个人交谈，”布鲁恩回忆道。

1 advent   

n.(重要事件等的)到来，来临

参考例句：

• Swallows come by groups at the advent of spring. 春天来临时燕子成群飞来。
• The advent of the Euro will redefine Europe.欧元的出现将重新定义欧洲。

2 cholesterol   

n.（U）胆固醇

参考例句：

• There is cholesterol in the cell of body.人体细胞里有胆固醇。
• They are determining the serum-protein and cholesterol levels.他们正在测定血清蛋白和胆固醇的浓度。

3 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

4 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

5 enlisted   

adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持）

参考例句：

• enlisted men and women 男兵和女兵
• He enlisted with the air force to fight against the enemy. 他应募加入空军对敌作战。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

6 analyzed   

v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析

参考例句：

• The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程，因为对他来说，爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 genealogies   

n.系谱，家系，宗谱( genealogy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Tracing back our genealogies, I found he was a kinsman of mine. 转弯抹角算起来——他算是我的一个亲戚。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说
• The insertion of these genealogies is the more peculiar and unreasonable. 这些系谱的掺入是更为离奇和无理的。 来自辞典例句

8 postpone   

v.延期，推迟

参考例句：

• I shall postpone making a decision till I learn full particulars.在未获悉详情之前我得从缓作出决定。
• She decided to postpone the converastion for that evening.她决定当天晚上把谈话搁一搁。

9 sociologist   

n.研究社会学的人，社会学家

参考例句：

• His mother was a sociologist,researching socialism.他的母亲是个社会学家，研究社会主义。
• Max Weber is a great and outstanding sociologist.马克斯·韦伯是一位伟大的、杰出的社会学家。

10 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。