异类之不一样的成功启示录 第53期:毕业去向调查

 　　Let me give you another, perhaps more serious, example of the threshold effect in action.

　　让我们再来看另外一个正产生比较严重影响的例子。

　　The university of Michigan law School, like many elite¹ US educational institutions,

　　密歇根大学法学院制定了一项行动计划，这项计划主要针对来自弱势群体的报考者提供赞助，

　　uses a policy of affirmative action when it comes to applicants² from disadvantaged backgrounds.

　　正如美国很多顶尖教育机构做的那样。

　　Around ten percent of the students Michigan enrolls³ each fall are members of ratio minorities,

　　密歇根秋季注册入学的学生中，大约10%的学生属于少数族裔，

　　and if the school didn't significantly relax its entry requirement for those students,

　　假如法学院不放松对这群学生的要求

　　admitting them with lower undergraduate grades and standardized-test sores than everyone else,

　　不降低他们入学标准考试的录取分数以及大学毕业的评分，而是和其他学生一样

　　it estimates that percentage will be less than three percent.

　　那么 这群学生的比例可能会降到3%以下。

　　Furthermore, if you compare the grades that the minority and non-minority students get in law school, the whites students do better.

　　而且，如果你将法学院少数族裔和非少数族裔学生的评分进行对比，就会发现白色人种的学生表现更好。

　　That's not surprising:

　　这并不奇怪：

　　if one group has higher undergraduate grades and test scores than another,

　　那些大学毕业评分和测试成绩比其他人优秀的学生，

　　it's almost certainly going to have higher grades in law school as well.

　　自然会选择同样是较高等级的法学院。

　　This is the reason why affirmative action programs are so controversial.

　　这也是为什么人们对赞助性行动计划褒贬不一的原因。

　　In fact, an attack on the University of Michigan's affirmative action program recently went all the way to the US Supreme⁴ Court.

　　事实上，对密歇根大学赞助性行动计划的指控已经受到美同最高法院的关注：

　　It seems troubling for an elite educational institution to let in students who are less qualified⁵ than their peers.

　　让那些比同类人逊色的人一起进入精英教育机构，看来有不公平竞争之嫌。

　　A few years ago, however, the University of Michigan decided⁶ to look closely at how the law school's minority students had fared after they graduated.

　　但是，多年以前，密歇根大学计划对法学院少数族裔学生的毕业去向作近距离的调查：

　　How much money did they make?

　　他们的收入如何？

　　How far up in the profession did they go?

　　他们的职业生涯有什么进展？

　　How satisfied were they with their careers?

　　是否对自己的事业满意？

　　What kind of social and community contributions did they make?

　　对社会和团体有什么贡献？

　　What kind of honors had they won?

　　他们赢得过什么荣誉？

　　They looked at everything that could conceivably be an indication of real-world success. And what they found surprised them.

　　他们寻找一切现实生活中能够令人信服的成功案例，寻找的结果令他们大吃一惊。

1 elite   

n.精英阶层；实力集团；adj.杰出的，卓越的

参考例句：

• The power elite inside the government is controlling foreign policy.政府内部的一群握有实权的精英控制着对外政策。
• We have a political elite in this country.我们国家有一群政治精英。

2 applicants   

申请人，求职人( applicant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。
• He was impressed by the high calibre of applicants for the job. 求职人员出色的能力给他留下了深刻印象。

3 enrolls   

v.[亦作enrol]( enroll的第三人称单数 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起

参考例句：

• Enrolls the newborn register of names to print afterward and to mail. 录取新生名册随后打印并寄发。 来自互联网
• The association enrolls 100, 000 members. 该协会拥有10万名会员。 来自互联网

4 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

5 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

6 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。