异类之不一样的成功启示录 第133期:改进舒缓语气的使用方式

 　　Combating¹ mitigation has become one of the great crusades in commercial aviation² over the past fifteen years.

　　在过去的15年里，飞行界最大的变革就是改进舒缓语气的使用方式。

　　Every major airline now has what is called "Crew Resource Management" training,

　　目前每个主要航线都为队员提供“人力资源管理”培训，

　　which is designed to teach junior crew members how to communicate clearly and assertively³.

　　培训的主要目的就是便于让下级可以更直接果断地同上级沟通。

　　For example, many airlines teach a standardized⁴ procedure for copilots to challenge the pilot if he or she thinks something has gone terribly awry⁵.

　　举例来说，每个航线都会教授副驾一套标准的沟通程序。当他们发现问题时，就主动向机长提出意见。

　　"Captain, I'm concern about..."

　　“机长，我认为…… ”

　　Then, "Captain, I'm uncomfortable with..."

　　然后，“机长，我感到不舒服因为…… ”

　　And if the captain still doesn't respond, "Captain, I believe the situation is unsafe."

　　并且如果机长仍然没有作出反应，“机长，我认为我们正在处在危险之中。”

　　And if that fails, the first official is required to take over the airplane.

　　如果还是没有效果，那么副驾就要接替机长来驾驶飞机。

　　Aviation experts will tell you that it is the success of this war on mitigation as much as anything else that accounts for the extraordinary decline⁶ in airline accidents in recent years.

　　飞行专家将会告诉你，近些年来，在飞机出现意外情况的最后关头，这种渐进性的建议程序，同其他的挽救措施一样，起到了同样的作用。

　　"On a very simple level,

　　“从简单之处着手，

　　one of the things we insist upon at my airline is that the first official and the captain call each other by their first names," Ratwatte said.

　　我们阿拉伯皇家航空公司一直都坚持副驾和机长之间以姓氏来称呼。”怀特瓦特说，

　　"We think that helps.

　　“我们认为这很有帮助，

　　It's just harder to say, 'Captain, you are doing something wrong,' than to use a name."

　　当副驾指出错误时，比起称呼姓名，他很难开口说，“机长，你错了”。

　　Ratwatte took mitigation very seriously.

　　怀特瓦特认为舒缓语气是件不容忽视的问题，

　　You couldn't be a student of the Avianca crash and not feel that way.

　　每一个了解阿维安卡事故的人都会受到很大触动。

　　He went on, "One thing I personally try to do is, I try to put myself a little down.

　　“在工作中，我一直保持低调，

　　I say to my copilots, I don't fly very often.

　　我对我的机组人员说，‘我飞行次数不多，

　　Three or four times a month.

　　一个月只有三、四次而已，

　　You fly a lot more.

　　你可能飞得更多。

　　If you see me doing something stupid, it's because I don't fly very often.

　　因此如果你认为我做的某个决策是错误的，那是因为我飞的不够多，

　　So tell me. Help me out.

　　所以请告诉我，帮助我。’

　　Hopefully, that helps some speak up."

　　很有可能，这会让他们讲出自己的想法。”

　　Back to the cockpit of Avianca 052.

　　让我们再回到阿维安卡52航班的驾驶舱看看。

　　The plane is now turning away from Kennedy, after the aborted⁷ first attempt at landing.

　　当飞机第一次着陆失败，飞机飞离肯尼迪机场时，

　　Klotz has just been on the radio with ATC, trying to figure out when they can land again.

　　克鲁兹曾同ATC通话，询问再次着陆的时间。

　　Caviedes turns to him.

　　卡维德转向克鲁兹。

　　Caviedes: What did he say?

　　卡维德：“他说什么？”

　　Klotz: I already advise him that we're going to attempt again because now we can't..."

　　克鲁兹：“我已经向他提出建议，让我们再试着着陆，因为我们现在已经不能……”

　　Four seconds of silence pass.

　　四秒钟的沉默。

　　Caviedes: Advise him we are in emergency.

　　卡维德：“告诉他，我们处在危急之中。”

　　Four more seconds of silence pass.

　　又一段四秒种的沉默。

1 combating   

v.与…战斗( combat的现在分词 )；与…斗争；防止；减轻

参考例句：

• Death seemed combating with life. 死亡似乎正在和命运作战。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He has put his heart and soul into the task of combating the drought. 为了抗旱，他可没少操心。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

2 aviation   

n.航空，航空学，飞机制造业

参考例句：

• Ten years ago,they began to develop the aviation. 十年前，他们开始发展航空工业。
• Pilots of large aircraft are masters of aviation.大型飞行器的驾驶员是航空学方面的专家。

3 assertively   

断言地，独断地

参考例句：

• Using the right body language helps you communicate more assertively. 使用正确的肢体语言会帮助你更有主张力的交流。
• Learning to communicate assertively involves learning to be honest, open and direct. 果敢自信的交往方式的学习包括做到为人诚实、坦率和直言不讳。

4 standardized   

adj.标准化的

参考例句：

• We use standardized tests to measure scholastic achievement. 我们用标准化考试来衡量学生的学业成绩。
• The parts of an automobile are standardized. 汽车零件是标准化了的。

5 awry   

adj.扭曲的，错的

参考例句：

• She was in a fury over a plan that had gone awry. 计划出了问题，她很愤怒。
• Something has gone awry in our plans.我们的计划出差错了。

6 decline   

n.衰微，跌落，下降；vt.使降低，婉谢；vi.下降，衰落，偏斜

参考例句：

• I must decline to show favour to any of the candidates.我必须拒绝偏袒任何一位候选人。
• The birthrate is on the decline.出生率在下降。

7 aborted   

adj.流产的，失败的v.（使）流产( abort的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）（某事物）中止；（因故障等而）（使）（飞机、宇宙飞船、导弹等）中断飞行；（使）（飞行任务等）中途失败

参考例句：

• The rocket flight had to be aborted because of difficulties with computer. 因电脑出故障，这次火箭飞行只好中辍。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They aborted the space flight finally. 他们最后中止了这次宇航飞行。 来自《简明英汉词典》